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	Gulf of Tonkin Incident - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was a pair of alleged attacks by North Vietnamese gunboats on two American destroyers, the USS Maddox and the USS C.
		On July 31, 1964, the American destroyer USS Maddox (DD-731) began a reconnaissance mission in the Gulf of Tonkin and was attacked by five North Vietnamese patrol boats, in international waters, on August 2, 1964.
		Robert McNamara, who was defense secretary at the time of the incident, said in October, 2005 that he believed intelligence reports regarding the Gulf of Tonkin incident were decisive to the war's expansion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Incident (2019 words)

	Gulf of Tonkin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Gulf of Tonkin is located to the south of China.
		(Incidentally, the same characters are used to write "Tokyo", capital of Japan.) Vietnam call the Gulf either the Vịnh Bắc Bộ ("Gulf of the North") or Vịnh Hải Nam (Gulf of Hainan).
		Known today as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, this led to the open involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War, with the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin (299 words)

	Gulf of Tonkin Resolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As a result of McNamara's testimony, on August 7, 1964, Congress passed a joint resolution (Wikisource: H.J.), known as the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, that facilitated increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
		The Resolution was approved by the House unanimously (416-0), and by the Senate 88-2, with Senators Wayne Morse of Oregon and Ernest Gruening of Alaska casting the only nay votes.
		Following the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, Lyndon Johnson, who was up for election that year, launched retaliatory strikes and went on national television on August 4, 1964.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Resolution (360 words)

	Gulf of Tonkin Incident - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was presented to the American public as two purported attacks by North Vietnamese gunboats without provocation against two American destroyers (the USS Maddox and the USS Turner Joy) in August of 1964 in the Gulf of Tonkin.
		Many Americans know little of the "Gulf of Tonkin Incident." Historians have shown that the Johnson administration provoked the incident with the intention of crafting a pretext for making overt the American covert involvement in Vietnam.
		The Tonkin Gulf Resolution is a case study of the de facto powers of the President of the United States, which transcend his de jure Constitutional powers.
	www.norco.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Resolution (1581 words)

	Gulf of Tonkin Incident: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was presented to the American public as two purported attacks by North Vietnamese North Vietnam quick summary:
		The gulf of tonkin (480 kmx240 km) lies between vietnam and china....
		The Tonkin Gulf Resolution is a case study of the de facto powers of the President of the United States[For more facts and a topic of this subject, click this link], EHandler: no quick summary.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/gu/gulf_of_tonkin_incident.htm (3673 words)

	Tonkin Gulf resolution on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		TONKIN GULF RESOLUTION [Tonkin Gulf resolution] in U.S. history, Congressional resolution passed in 1964 that authorized military action in Southeast Asia.
		On Aug. 4, 1964, North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin were alleged to have attacked without provocation U.S. destroyers that were reporting intelligence information to South Vietnam.
		Although there was disagreement in Congress over the precise meaning of the Tonkin Gulf resolution, Presidents Johnson and Richard M. Nixon used it to justify later military action in Southeast Asia.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/T/TonkinG1u.asp (366 words)

	Gulf of Tonkin Incident: 1964
		The Gulf of Tonkin is a body of water that lies on the East Coast of North Vietnam and the West Coast of the island Hainan.
		The entire event was purposely misconstrued when presented to Congress and the public by President Johnson and his administration, and on August 7, the "Tonkin Gulf Resolution" passed, 416 to 0 by the House and 88 to 2 by the Senate.
		The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was a significant event in the fact that it opened the door to one of the most vivid and memorable wars in modern day history.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/USA/GulfTonkin.html (517 words)

	ipedia.com: Gulf of Tonkin Incident Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was originally presented as a pair of battles initiated by North Vietnamese gunboats without provocation against two U.S. destroyers, which that took place in August of 196...
		The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was originally presented as a pair of battles initiated by North Vietnamese gunboats without provocation against two U.S. destroyers, which that took place in August of 1964 in the Gulf of Tonkin.
		The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution is the name given to the Joint Resolution (H.J. RES 1145) of the United States Congress made August 7, 1964 that facilitated increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
	www.ipedia.com /gulf_of_tonkin_incident.html (1112 words)

	soc.history.war.vietnam FAQ: Tonkin Gulf Incident
		The targets for the most part were coastal patrol vessels of the North Vietnamese Navy, but a major petroleum storage facility at the town of Vinh was also hit, and in fact the destruction of this facility was the most important accomplishment of the airstrikes.
		Tonkin Gulf was one of the things that got cut.) William B. Cogar, ed., New Interpretations in Naval History: Selected Papers from the Eighth Naval History Symposium.
		John W. Schmidt, The Gulf of Tonkin Debates, 1964 and 1967: A Study in Argument.
	www.cs.uu.nl /wais/html/na-dir/vietnam/tonkin-gulf.html (1136 words)

	Essay: 40th Anniversary of the Gulf of Tonkin Incident
		On this 40th anniversary of the Tonkin Gulf incident it is appropriate to recall an affair that has much history wound around it, a watershed in the U.S. move toward full-scale war in Vietnam.
		More recently, the Tonkin Gulf incident has regularly been invoked in connection with the lead-up to the war in Iraq, where the administration of President George W. Bush also cited threats to the United States to obtain congressional approval for the use of force.
		The particulars of the incidents of early August 1964, as reported by the Johnson administration, were crucial to gaining the legislative authority President Johnson sought, which came in the form of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB132/essay.htm (4109 words)

	9-11 Review
		In the Gulf of Tonkin incident, North Vietnamese torpedo boats supposedly attacked the USS Maddox in the Gulf of Tonkin, off Vietnam, in a pair of assaults on August 2 and 4 of 1964.
		It was the basis for the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, which committed major American forces to the war in Vietnam.
		The Gulf of Tonkin is off the coast of North Vietnam.
	911review.com /precedent/century/tonkin.html (505 words)

	Wings of Gold: Gulf of Tonkin incident revisited
		On August 2, 1964, North Vietnamese torpedo boats attacked the destroyer, USS Maddox, in the Gulf of Tonkin.
		These incidents spurred Congress to enact the Tonkin Gulf Resolution which literally gave President Lyndon Johnson the functional equivalent of a declaration of war.
		Well before the Tonkin incident, SOG had conducted covert ops inland and along the beaches of North Vietnam, as well as on some off-shore islands.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3834/is_199810/ai_n8826197 (406 words)

	Naval History Magazine: The Secret Side of the Tonkin Gulf Incident, by Dale Andrade and Kenneth Conboy'
		Of course, none of this was known to Congress, which demanded an explanation for the goings-on in the Tonkin Gulf.
		On 7 August, the Senate passed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, allowing the administration greater latitude in expanding the war by a vote of 88 to 2.
		The publicity caused by the Tonkin Gulf incident and the subsequent resolution shifted attention away from covert activities and ended high-level debate over the wisdom of secret operations against North Vietnam.
	www.usni.org /navalhistory/Articles99/NHandrade.htm (3345 words)

	Tonkin Incident Might Not Have Occurred
		The tapes, released by the LBJ Library at the University of Texas at Austin, include 51 phone conversations from Aug. 4 and 5, 1964, when the Tonkin Gulf incident occurred.
		While the reasons for it either were unclear or false, the Tonkin Gulf Resolution cleared Congress on Aug. 7, 1964 - 414-0 in the House and 88-2 in the Senate.
		History has seemed to coalesce around the belief that the second Tonkin Gulf incident, on Aug. 4, was a mistake, but not a charade.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines02/0805-09.htm (2267 words)

	vietgulf
		The USNS Maddox on August 2nd, 1964 was patrolling in the Gulf of Tonkin outside North Vietnam’s territorial waters when three North Vietnamese torpedo boats approached at high speed.
		Two nights later there was a storm in the Gulf of Tonkin that was so severe it made it difficult to see or hear.
		Congress approved the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution on August 11, 1964 with 98% approval in the Senate and 100% approval in the House.
	home.cinci.rr.com /patkers/vietgulf.html (965 words)

	Gulf of Tonkin Incident \| Ask MetaFilter
		The news that no such attack had occurred may have prevented Johnson from responding to another Gulf of Tonkin incident six weeks after the big one, but it does not seem to have affected Johnson's judgment about the wisdom of the war or the constitutional basis for its conduct.
		According to Zinn, the Maddox (one of the key ships in the affair) was not on a routine patrol in international waters as the administration contended, it was actually on a "special electronic spying mission" in Vietnamese territorial waters.
		The Tonkin incident (and the as-named resolution) gave the President the ability to declare war without Congressional approval.
	ask.metafilter.com /mefi/17637 (498 words)

	U.S. Navy in Vietnam: Gulf of Tonkin Incident (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On July 31, 1964, the USS Maddox, a navy destroyer, began a reconassaince mission on the coast of North Vietnam in the Gulf of Tonkin.
		Late in the afternoon on August 4, the USS Maddox returned to the middle of the Gulf of Tonkin, accompanied by the USS Turner Joy.
		August 7, 1964, Congress passed the "Gulf of Tonkin Resolution", which gave President Johnson the power to resolve the conflict with any means neseccary.
	www.fatherryan.org /navyvietnam/tonkin.htm (267 words)

	A communications storm: the Gulf of Tonkin Incident (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		U.S.S. Constellation in the Gulf of Tonkin at sunset.
		As soon as the incident was over, the Captain of the Maddox also said he had "many doubts" and asked for daylight reconnaissance before any further action was taken.
		Assured by Johnson that he would not use the act to fight an "undeclared war" on Vietnam, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, surrendering to the president its constitutional authority to declare war.
	www.edheritage.org /expeditions/Gulf-of_Tonkin.htm (1635 words)

	Tonkin Gulf Reappraisal: 40 Years Later (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The issue is more than one of historical curiosity, because on the basis of the second attack Johnson ordered retaliatory airstrikes against North Vietnamese targets and secured from Congress the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which he thereafter used to validate his decisions to escalate the American role in the war in Southeast Asia.
		The destroyer entered the Gulf of Tonkin on July 31 and proceeded to its designated patrol track parallel to the North Vietnamese coastline.
		While the missions of the two were unlike in nature, both involved "enemy" warships transiting the Gulf of Tonkin and approaching the North Vietnamese coast.
	www.thehistorynet.com /mhq/bltonkin (1783 words)

	"Lyndon Johnson and the Charade of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution" by Michael J. Benevento, Jr.
		portrayed the Gulf of Tonkin incident as an unprovoked and malicious
		The revelation that the Gulf of Tonkin incident was a
		Tonkin incident, can attest to the fact that it was the United States
	www.southernct.edu /organizations/hcr/2004/nonfiction/johnson.htm (1896 words)

	VIETNAM WAR GULF OF TONKIN DOCUMENTS AUDIO RECORDINGS & PHOTOS
		In early August of 1964, the destroyer USS Maddox, under the operational control of Captain John J. Herrick, steamed along the coast of North Vietnam in the Gulf of Tonkin, gathering various types of intelligence.
		The Report covers basic command decisions and actions during the incident; operations in connection with it and the communications support and information flow that were involved in its management.
		This cable contains a chronology of the reported second attack by the North Vietnamese on the USS Maddox while it was on Desoto Patrol in the Gulf of Tonkin on August 4, 1964.
	www.paperlessarchives.com /vw_gulf_of_tonkin.html (1713 words)

	30-year Anniversary: Tonkin Gulf Lie Launched Vietnam War
		The official story was that North Vietnamese torpedo boats launched an "unprovoked attack" against a U.S. destroyer on "routine patrol" in the Tonkin Gulf on Aug. 2 — and that North Vietnamese PT boats followed up with a "deliberate attack" on a pair of U.S. ships two days later.
		On the night of Aug. 4, the Pentagon proclaimed that a second attack by North Vietnamese PT boats had occurred earlier that day in the Tonkin Gulf — a report cited by President Johnson as he went on national TV that evening to announce a momentous escalation in the war: air strikes against North Vietnam.
		In the absence of independent journalism, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution — the closest thing there ever was to a declaration of war against North Vietnam —; sailed through Congress on Aug. 7.
	www.fair.org /index.php?page=2261 (896 words)

	WhiteHouseTapes.org :: The secret White House tapes and recordings of Presidents Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Roosevelt, ...
		In August 1964, Congress passed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution—or Southeast Asia Resolution, as it is officially known—the congressional decree that gave Johnson a broad mandate to wage war in Vietnam.
		Turner Joy, reported that they were being attacked by North Vietnamese military units in the Gulf of Tonkin, the body of water off the coast of central and North Vietnam.
		By the time that Johnson signed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution on August 10, several senior officials—and probably the president himself—had concluded that the attack of August 4 was imagined.
	www.whitehousetapes.org /exhibits/tonkin (1028 words)

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