Gull billed Tern - Factbites

Gull billed Tern - Factbites
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Topic: Gull billed Tern

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	Tern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Terns are seabirds in the family Sternidae, previously considered a subfamily Sterninae of the gull family Laridae.
		Terns in the genus Sterna have deeply forked tails, those in Chlidonias and Larosterna shallowly forked tails, while the noddies (genera Anous, Procelsterna, Gygis) have unusual 'notched wedge' shaped tails, the longest tail feathers being the middle-outer, not the central nor the outermost.
		Many terns breeding in temperate zones are long-distance migrants, and the Arctic Tern probably sees more daylight than any other creature, since it migrates from its northern breeding grounds to Antarctic waters.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tern (432 words)

	Gull-billed Tern
		Gull-billed Tern, Sterna nilotica or Gelochelidon nilotica, is a seabird of the tern family Sternidae.
		Juvenile Sandwich Terns have a short bill, and are frequently mistaken for Gull-billed Tern where the latter species is uncommon, such as North Sea coasts.
		Gull-billed Tern does not normally plunge dive for fish like the other white terns, but feeds on insects taken in flight, and also often hunts over wet fields, to take frogs and small mammals (mice, voles, etc).
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/g/gu/gull_billed_tern.html (340 words)

	Marsh or Gull-billed Tern
		The Marsh Tern deposits its three eggs on the dried rushes found in the salt marshes at a short distance from the water, and carefully placed beyond reach of any ordinary encroachment of the tides; for, as WILSON has truly said, this species forms no nest.
		The parents sit more upon them than is usual with Terns which drop their eggs on the sands, and they do not leave their charge in cloudy weather.
		The young have the bill of a dull reddish orange-brown colour, the legs and feet of a less deep tint of the latter colour, which is retained by them until late in the winter, when these parts become black, and so continue for life.
	www.audubon.org /bird/boa/F42_G2b.html (1482 words)

	Gull-billed Tern--BIOLOGICAL AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATE SPECIES RESIDING IN ESTUARIES
		Moller, A.P. Coloniality and colony structure in the gull-billed terns Gelochelidon nilotica.
		Gull-billed terns feed by "aerial-dipping" in which the bird surveys the feeding area by passing back and forth, then dives down to pluck the prey item from land or water (Clapp et al., 1983).
		Breeding biology and relation of pollutants to black skimmers and gull-billed terns in South Carolina.
	www.pwrc.usgs.gov /bioeco/gullbt.htm (602 words)

	Habitat Assessment Barrier Bay Islands
		However, it is acknowledged that Gull-billed Terns and the other species forage on distinctly different resources and so may be subject to different limiting factors.
		Objective 2) Restore the Gull-billed Tern population to >1,000 breeding pairs (pre-1980 levels).
		However, it is debatable whether or not this recovery goal is attainable within the lower portion of the planning unit where carrying capacity appears to be lower than projections.
	fsweb.wm.edu /ccb/habitat/hab/hab_bay_obj.htm (583 words)

	NJAS: Cape May Rare Bird Alert - 7/23/1992
		With the aforementioned Caspian and Gull-billed Terns, the total number of tern species this week at the Meadows was five, with LEAST TERN, FORSTER'S TERN, and COMMON TERN seen on the 22d.
		Highlights of the week ending July 23, 1992, include: CASPIAN TERN, GULL-BILLED TERN, WILSON'S STORM-PETREL, LESSER BLACK-BACKED GULL, PARASITIC JAEGER, and the beginning of fall shorebird migration.
		A first-summer LESSER BLACK-BACKED GULL was seen on the 21st near the Second Ave Jetty in Cape May. An UPLAND SANDPIPER was seen on the 23d at the Concrete Ship at the end of Sunset Blvd. BROWN PELICANS continue to grace the skies for those seawatching.
	www.njaudubon.org /Tools.Net/Sightings/Sightings.aspx?rt=CapeMay&rd=7/23/1992&tl=&tk=&ss= (900 words)

	Brontë Sources, Texts, and Criticism
		We have been favoured with a specimen of a bird said to be the Gull-billed Tern, but the characters are so obscurely marked, that we do not feel authorized in giving a figure of it.
		The legs rather exceed two inches in length from the heel to the knee, their colour rufous black; the toes are longer than those of the Sandwich Tern, especially the middle one, and the claws unusually straight.
		THIS bird was first pointed out as a distinct species by Montagu, it having before been confounded with the Sandwich Tern, from which, he says, it differs in a variety of respects.
	faculty.plattsburgh.edu /peter.friesen?go=779 (195 words)

	Abstract
		Populations of Gull-billed Terns, Common Terns, and Black Skimmers nesting on Virginia’s barrier islands have declined by 95%, 84%, and 86%, respectively, from 1975 to 1999 (Williams et al.
		Overall, Common Terns preferred wrack on exposed slopes (39% of all nests), Gull-billed Terns and Black Skimmers selected shell on neutral slopes (62% and 61% of all nests, respectively), and American Oystercatchers preferred shell on neutral slopes (58% of all nests).
		Gull-billed Tern nests were significantly higher than random points at one colony, and lower at another colony, although not significantly.
	atlantic.evsc.virginia.edu /thesis/Rounds2003/rounds2003.htm (9230 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Birds of Eastern North America - Laridae - Gull-billed Tern (Sterna nilotica)
		The gray of the black and wings is darker than that of the Gull-billed Tern.
		Habitat: The Gull-billed Tern is found in salt marshes and along sandy beaches.
		Behavior: The Gull-billed Tern, unlike most terns, catches insects, both in the air and on the ground.
	www.nearctica.com /birds/gulls/Snilot.htm (253 words)

	ttmysterytern2
		With regard to the Tern I'd have to agree with you that its a 1st-winter/1st-summer ('portlandica'-type) Common Tern (albeit abnormally pale-crowned).
		The strongly abraded plumage suggest 1 winter tern.
		In winter plumage a Common Tern acquires a carpal bar also.
	www.geocities.com /secaribbirds/ttmysterytern2.html (3431 words)

	Change genera and linear sequence within the terns (Sterninae)
		The Gull-billed and Caspian terns are shown to be sister species, although not that closely (genetic distance) related to each other, one could argue either way to lump them both under one genus or keep them separate.
		These groups are the noddies (Anous, Gygis, and Procelsterna), the brown-winged terns (four species of Sterna), the small terns (four species of Sterna), the marsh terns (Chlidonias), the crested terns (Thalasseus in Gochfeld and Burger (1996)), and the typical terns (several Sterna species).
		The present data set strongly supports that the "brown-winged terns" (Onychoprion) and the "little terns" (Sternula) are not only good clades in themselves, but are quite distantly related to Sterna, and as such they should be separated from Sterna.
	www.museum.lsu.edu /~remsen/SACCprop175.html (2826 words)

	All About Birds
		A medium-sized tern with broader wings and a thicker bill than most other terns, the Gull-billed Tern is found along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States and very southern California.
		Although mostly restricted to salt water habitats in North America, the Gull-billed Tern is found in a variety of fresh water habitats across Eurasia.
		Unlike most terns, the Gull-billed Tern has a broad diet and does not depend on fish.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Gull-billed_Tern.html (171 words)

	Weeks Bay - Gulls Photo Album
		Ring-billed Gulls occur on the Alabama Gulf Coast every month of the year, but the species is uncommon to rare after the first of May. Fall migrants appear in numbers in October, and from then until spring the species is common to fairly common, particularly along the larger rivers on the coast.
		Almost as big as a gull, the Caspian Tern is the largest of the tern family and is fairly common all year on the Gulf Coast where it breeds.
		Forster's Tern is an occasional breeder and is common in winter, spring, and fall along the Gulf Coast.
	www.weeksbay.org /GullsPhotos.html (632 words)

	Georgia Wildlife Web Site; birds: Sterna nilotica
		During the breeding season, the Gull-billed Tern occurs in the eastern and southern coastal United States.
		Unlike many of the other terns, the Gull-billed Tern forages mostly over land, sitting on a perch and flying out to catch insects in mid-air.
		The Gull-billed Tern nests in colonies, commonly with large numbers of nests in an area.
	museum.nhm.uga.edu /gawildlife/birds/charadriiformes/snilotica.html (406 words)

	:: Welcome To Chilika Lagoon - Publication
		Moreover, the breeding records of Gull-billed Tern in Chilika are a southern breeding range extension for the species, as its known breeding sites from the Indian Subcontinent are Pakistan on the west coast and Sunderbans (West Bengal) on the east coast.
		As the global population of the Gull-billed Tern is on the decline (Cramp and Simmon 1983), conservation measures are urgently needed for these species to protect them from the natural calamities.
		The nesting colonies of Gull-billed and River terns observed on the Island are the largest known breeding colonies for these two species.
	www.chilika.com /publication.htm (3900 words)

	Sea Birds: BMLSS Observation Page
		R-b Gull is generally a larger and bulkier bird than Common Gull and resembles a small Herring Gull, with a paler mantle and different mirror pattern from Common Gull.
		This gull is a rare vagrant to Wales and England.
		The bill is a different shape too, its blunt and the top and bottom are parallel, Common Gull has a more pointed, needle-like bill.
	www.glaucus.org.uk /birds.htm (2762 words)

	BIRDEAST archives -- August 1997, week 5 (#8)
		GULL-BILLED TERNS were there that day also: adults feeding a young, at the impoundment by Port Mahon Road.
		In northern Delaware, CASPIAN TERNS have been numerous lately: in the area of Delaware City, either over the River, or the nearby impoundments.
		A large flock of CASPIAN TERNS was at the Woodland Beach Wildlife Area, north of Bombay Hook, last Saturday, August 23rd - among them a few begging juveniles.
	listserv.arizona.edu /cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind9708e&L=birdeast&F=&S=&P=565 (1332 words)

	eNature: FieldGuides: Species Detail
		Q: The Yellow-footed Gull used to be a sub-species of the Western Gull.
		Discussion In addition to the usual tern diet of fish and crustaceans, this bird catches insects in flight and pursues them on the ground in plowed fields or croplands.
		Nests in colonies and often breeds with other species of terns.
	www.enature.com /fieldguides/detail.asp?recnum=BD0086 (232 words)

	0605 GULL-BILLED TERN (Gelochelidon nilotica)
		The BBRC's initial view on Gull-billed Terns was that 'few if any would be acceptable by today's standards (but that is true of many other perfectly good records of several other species for that era)' British Birds 88:379.
		One at the Midrips (ES) during the evening of 15 August (Ferguson-Lees, I.J. Gull-billed Tern in Sussex.British Birds 48:512).
		WB HR One seen over fields and mudbanks at River Adur, Shoreham (WS) on 17 September (Brown, C.F. and Shepperd, J. 1952.Gull-billed Tern in Sussex.
	www.sos.org.uk /species/0605gullbilledtern.htm (812 words)

	* Gull-billed Tern - (Bird): Definition
		White-browed Crake, Comb-crested Jacana, Australian Pratincole, Whiskered Tern, Gull-billed Tern, Forest Kingfisher,, Rainbow Pitta, Grey Whistler, Shining Flycatcher,...
		In the western part of the United States, this Tern is only found here at the Salton Sea - where it is known to breed...
		Having taken six specimens of the Marsh Tern of America to the British Museum,...
	en.mimi.hu /bird/gullbilled_tern.html (155 words)

	Sterna nilotica
		The Gull-billed Tern gets its name from the fact that its bill is thicker and more gull-like than in other terns but it might have been more helpful to call it the 'gull-winged tern' as it is the broader wings and more leisurely gull-like flight which make it stand out from other terns.
		Its relatively large size and black bill separate it from all except Sandwich Tern but notice that the upperwing looks much cleaner, uniformly pearl-grey with just a vague dark border to the primaries.
		From below, the black trailing edge to the primaries is more distinct than on any other tern.
	www.birdguides.com /html/vidlib/species/Sterna_nilotica.htm (316 words)

	Patuxent Product Abstract
		Gull-billed Terns and American Oystercatchers showed a weak preference for higher elevations on bare shell at most sites.
		Predation rates were high at small colonies, and Ruddy Turnstones (Arenaria interpres) depredated 90% of early Gull-billed Tern nests at one shellpile.
		When all nests were considered, Common Tern nests were located significantly lower than were random point elevations at two sites, as they tended to concentrate on low-lying wrack.
	www.pwrc.usgs.gov /prodabs/ab10040305/abs6262.htm (363 words)

	Gull-billed Tern
		I'm not sure if or when a first winter Gull-billed Tern loses the brownish feathering and brown bill so if it maintains those characteristics throughout winter, then this appears to be a winter adult bird.
		Assuming that this is the same individual, it is only the fifth winter record of Gull-billed Tern in Georgia according to the Annotated Checklist of Georgia Birds.
		This tern was originally reported on 12/15/2003 by Doris Cohrs and Scott Somershoe and seen again by Gene Keferl on 1/19/2004.
	www.gos.org /sightings/gbte.html (145 words)

	Gull-billed Tern Species Account - Florida Breeding Bird Atlas
		The Gull-billed Tern is one of the most cosmopolitan birds in the world.
		In Florida the Gull-billed Tern breeds along both coasts and in very few locations in the interior of the state.
		Confirmation of breeding in only 10 quadrangles proves that the Gull-billed Tern is a rare and highly localized breeder in Florida.
	www.wildflorida.org /bba/GBTE.htm (478 words)

	Birds of the Upper Texas Coast - Gull-billed Tern
		Gull-billed Terns are medium size terns with heavy black bills and shallow forked tails.
		Gull-billed Tern is one of the birds I'm asked about the most.
		Birds of the Upper Texas Coast - Gull-billed Tern
	www.texasbirding.net /birds/gullbill.htm (140 words)

	phorum - SABirdNet - [SABN] Gull-billed Tern
		Gull-billed Tern on a sandbank in non-breeding plumage in the Upper Zam =
		I was at Ndumo this morning (20/11/2004) and saw the Gull-billed Tern at
		White-winged Tern coming into breeding plumage were seen in flocks, =
	www.surfbirds.com /phorum/read.php?f=43&i=3536&t=3536 (1624 words)

	Gull-billed Tern photos
		According to the messages on the pager, this Gull-billed Tern was "showing" down to 20 feet.
		Gull-billed Tern at Ivy Lake, Chichester in July 1999.
		Well, it was, but not perched on a post as I imagined whilst driving down to Chichester.
	www.birdfoto.fsnet.co.uk /gbtern/gbtern.html (89 words)

	Synthesis Report
		Nesting colonies of gulls, terns, and skimmers occur on earthen levee remnants, low-lying boulder and barnacle bars and, in the case of Forster.
		The Black Tern is a Bird Species of Special Concern in California (CDFG 1992) and a Migratory Nongame Bird of Management Concern in the U.S. Concern is warranted because of continent-wide population declines (Peterjohn and Sauer 1997, Shuford in press).
		The California Gull is considered a Bird Species of Special Concern in California (Remsen 1978, CDFG 1992), primairly for reason of perceived threats at the state.
	www.institute.redlands.edu /salton/recon/BirdsSynthesisReport.htm (12102 words)

	Sandwich Tern
		One of the largest Royal/Sandwich Tern nesting colonies in Florida is Passage Key National Wildlife Refuge; a barrier island off St Petersburg
		Often nests in the same colonies as Royal Terns.
		There are forty four species of Terns in the world
	www.pelicanman.org /html/Shore_Birds_1_Sandwich_Tern.htm (78 words)

	Skua, Jaeger, Gull & Tern Photographs © Bill Schmoker
		Adult Forster's Terns (in various stages of molt from alternate to basic plumage), Lake Henry, Crowley County, 8/02.
		Hybridization between Herring and Glaucous gull suggested by bill shape and size, pale head, long legs, and large size.
		Adult Mew Gull (the famous "gimpy", recognizable by its limp), back for a 7th winter at Union Reservoir, Weld County, Colorado, 11/05.
	www.schmoker.org /BirdPics/Gulls.html (835 words)

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In the News (Sun 3 Jun 12)