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	Gum arabic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gum arabic is a complex mixture of saccharides and glycoproteins, which gives it one of its most useful properties: it is perfectly edible.
		Gum arabic is used as a binder for Watercolor painting because of it's ability to easily dissolve in water.
		Gum arabic is also used in witchcraft as a harder-wearing alternative to chalk in protective circles, and as an incense.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gum_arabic (569 words)

	gum - definition by dict.die.net
		Gum resin, the milky juice of a plant solidified by exposure to air; one of certain inspissated saps, mixtures of, or having properties of, gum and resin; a resin containing more or less mucilaginous and gummy matter.
		Gum Senegal, a gum similar to gum arabic, yielded by trees (Acacia Verek and A.
		Gum tree, the name given to several trees in America and Australia: (a) The fl gum (Nyssa multiflora), one of the largest trees of the Southern States, bearing a small blue fruit, the favorite food of the opossum.
	dict.die.net /gum (0 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Gum Arabic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Gum arabic is the hardened sap of the Acacia senegal tree, which is found in the swath of arid lands extending from Senegal on the west coast of Africa all the way to Pakistan and India.
		Gum arabic is unique among the natural gums because of its extreme solubility in water and its lack of taste.
		Gum arabic is also used in sweeteners and as an additive in foods and beverages, as a thickener in liquids, including soft drinks, and in food flavorings.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/200502/gum.arabic.htm (0 words)

	Importers Service Corporation - Gum History
		The gum is a complex mixture of polysaccharides and is composed of two major components – a 60-70% water insoluble fraction called bassorin and a 30% soluble fraction of tragacanthin.
		As with Gum Arabic and Ghatti, the trees are "tapped" and the sap exudes and hardens.
		Gum Karaya is an acetylated polysaccharide – L rhamnose, D galactose, and D galacturonic acid.
	www.iscgums.com /gum.htm (0 words)

	gum, Arabic, carrier, frozen, adhesive, surfactant
		Gum arabic imparts the lowest viscosity to water of then normal, unhydrolyzed industrial gums, A comparison of its solution viscosity with tragacacanth karaya, ghatti, and corn fiber gums is shown in figure 1.
		Gum arabic's water solubility, low viscosity, and adhesiveness gives it value as a glaze for buns to provide gloss and flexibility and also makes it useful as a component in toppings and icing bases and in applications where its emulsifying power is important.
		Gum arabic's effectiveness as an emulsifier has given it broad application in foods; it has an especially strong position in the soft drink industry as stabilizer of citrus oil emulsion concentrates.
	www.jumbo.th.com /application.html (0 words)

	Gum Arabic
		Gum Arabic, otherwise known as gum acacia, is used as a natural stabilizer in baking toppings and beverages.
		Gum arabic is most often presented to industry in a spray-dried form.
		Nevertheless, the possibility exists that gum arabic could be processed on equipment used to process non-kosher materials within the prior 24 hours, although that concern seems to be small.
	www.ou.org /kosher/daf/advanced/gumarabic.htm (0 words)

	Importers Service Corporation - Gum Applications
		Gum Tragacanth is still a preferred ingredient in bakery emulsions, particularly used in conjunction with Gum Acacia (senegal), because of its resistance to emulsion breakdown under high heat conditions coupled with its contribution to desired viscosity.
		Gum Ghatti is used successfully as a stabilizer in paraffin emulsions for the coated paper board industry.
		Gum Acacia (senegal) and Gum Acacia (seyal) are also used as a glaze and as a component in various chewing gums (thickener and contributes a softer chew), cough drops and lozenges.
	www.iscgums.com /applicat.htm (0 words)

	Multi-functional gum arabic Prepared Foods - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Gum arabic, or "gum acacia," is a dried tree exudate obtained from the stems and branches of Acacia Senegal or of related species of Acacia.
		Gum arabic is exuded from tree wounds in the form of tears which harden rapidly due to evaporation.
		Gum arabic is used in confectionery glazes and gummy candies to retard or prevent sugar crystallization.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3289/is_n9_v165/ai_18669454 (0 words)

	Gum arabic
		Gum arabic (E414, acacia gum) is prepared from an exudate from the stems and branches of sub-Saharan (Sahel zone) Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal (Leguminosae) trees and produced naturally as large nodules during a process called gummosis to seal wounds in the bark of the tree.
		Gum arabic is a complex and variable mixture of arabinogalactan oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and glycoproteins.
		Gum arabic is used in confectionery such as traditional hard (wine) gums, pastilles and as a foam stabilizer in marshmallows.
	www.lsbu.ac.uk /water/hyarabic.html (0 words)

	Technical summary on gum bichromate process
		The skill in making gum prints is learning how to combine a variety of variables, which range from sourcing an appropriate choice of paper (or alternative support) and its preparation, through to the combination of gum and pigment, sensitiser proportion and exposure and development.
		Gum printing in common with most historical processes is a contact printing process, requiring that the negative is the same size as the final print.
		Gum arabic, a thick viscous syrup, can either be made from dry gum arabic or it can be purchased ready-made from art supply stores.
	www.gumphoto.co.uk /technical.html (0 words)

	US Sanctions Against the Sudan
		Gum arabic's applications are wide spread, some typical applications are acting as an emulsifier, flavoring agent, and thickener in both food and pharmaceuticals.
		Gum arabic is also used in the newspaper and magazine printing process, allowing ink to better stick to the paper while keeping it from smearing, as well as protecting the printing plates from oxidation.
		Although gum arabic is a little known substance to a majority of the American public, it affects almost everyone's daily lives.
	www.american.edu /ted/gumarab.htm (0 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Acacia (Gum) - Herb Profile and Information
		Gum Acacia for medicinal purposes should be in roundish 'tears' of various sizes, colourless or pale yellow, or broken into angular fragments with a glass-like, sometimes iridescent fracture, often opaque from numerous fissures, but transparent and nearly colourless in thin pieces; taste insipid, mucilaginous; nearly inodorous.
		Gums of a yellow or brown colour usually contain tannin, and these, together with such as are incompletely soluble in water and which yield ropy or glairy solutions, should not be used for medicinal purposes.
		Gum Acacia is an ingredient of the official Pilula Ferri, Pulvis Amygdalae compositus, Pulvis Tragacanthae compositus, all the official Trochisci, and various syrups, pastes and pastilles or jujubes.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/a/acaci006.html (0 words)

	GUM ARABIC :: Acacia Senegal
		A water-soluble gum obtained from several species of the acacia tree, especially Acacia senegal and A. arabica, and used in the manufacture of adhesives and ink, and as a binding medium for marbling colors.
		Gum arabic is widely used in the food industry, as an emulsifier, thickener, flavour encapsulator and thickening agent.
		Gum Acacia is an ingredient of all the official Trochisci, and various syrups, pastes and pastilles or jujubes.
	hans.presto.tripod.com /cat018.html (0 words)

	Gum arabic
		Gum Arabic is a dried exudate obtained from the stems and branches of Acacia senegal (L.) Willdenow or closely related species of Acacia (fam.
		Gum arabic consists mainly of high-molecular weight polysaccharides and their calcium, magnesium, and potassium salts, which on hydrolysis yield arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, and glucuronic acid.
		Gum arabic is also available commercially in the form of white to yellowish-white flakes, granules, powder, roller-dried, or spray-dried material.
	www.fao.org /docrep/w6355e/w6355e0g.htm (0 words)

	SUDAN GUM ARABIC MARKET REPORT October 23
		However, the global Gum Arabic business continues to be strongly influenced by the Sudanese crop, which is the world’s largest and most-prized for its quality and consistency.
		The leading U.S. supplier of spray-dried gum arabic in particular has made a concerted effort to work with the government to educate them on the necessity of the presence of the Sudan Gum Arabic Company as a supplier to the domestic refiners.
		Gum Arabic is the gummy exudate obtained through tapping from primarily the branches of the acacia senegal tree(and related species).
	www.plthomas.com /News/10.19.00gumarabicupdate.htm (0 words)

	Sudan War Impacts Availability of Gum Arabic, A Key Ingredient for Many Commercial Products
		A gum is defined as “an adhesive substance of vegetable origin, mostly obtained as exudate from the bark of trees or shrubs belonging to the pea family”
		Gum arabic is a colorless, tasteless, cold water-soluble, polysaccharide.
		In modern times, gum arabic is used in a variety of products and industries, including the pharmaceutical, chemical, and the food and beverage industries, as well as in fine arts, restoration, hobbies, and leather processing.
	www.herbalgram.org /herbalgram/articleview.asp?a=2770 (0 words)

	Pigments & Gum Arabic
		The proportion of pigment to gum is a vital control in gum printing — too much pigment and you will 'stain' your paper, creating a veiling of the highlights with pigment; too little pigment however will produce weak washed out colour.
		Gum arabic is the sap from the acacia tree, which when combined with water produces a thick viscous colloidal syrup.
		An alternative to gum arabic is to use a PVA adhesive such as 'Gloy'.
	www.gumphoto.co.uk /pigment_gum.html (0 words)

	GUM ARABIC
		This branch is the processing unit to ensure that the quality of the Gum Arabic exported is uncompromised.
		Note that Gum Arabic is truly soluble in cold water.Other gums are either insoluble in cold water or form colloidal suspensions, not true solutions.
		Gum Arabic is not very viscous at such concentrations.
	members.tripod.com /gum_arabic (0 words)

	Etherington & Roberts. Dictionary--gum arabic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Historically, gum arabic was used to increase the viscosity of ink, or to make it flow well, to prevent it from feathering, and to suspend the coloring matter.
		Gum arabic adhesives produce clear, easy brushing solutions which have no marked initial set but which will pass through a tacky stage on drying.
		Gum arabic adhesives, however, are generally too moisture sensitive for use in archival work.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /don/dt/dt1671.html (0 words)

	Gum Arabic, Food Resource [http://food.oregonstate.edu/], Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
		TIC Gums Inc., Belcamp, MD. has addressed these challenges and is working to bring gum arabic's benefits back in the limelight.
		Gum arabic is an ideal carrier in flavor encapsulation because of its natural emulsifying and surface-active properties, good retention of volatile flavor components, high solutility in water (up to 50%) and acid stability.
		Gum arabic retards sugar crystallization in gum drops and emulsifies and distributes fat particles in caramel and toffee.
	food.oregonstate.edu /gums/arabic.html (0 words)

	Gums Used In Paint Making by Tony Johansen
		The names Gum Senegal and Kordofan refer to 2 districts in Africa where the best gum comes from and both can be regarded as the cream of the crop.
		Gum Arabic is the dried sap of the tree which is exuded along cuts made in the bark, and collected several times a year.
		The gum is a protective mechanism on the part of the tree to ward off insect and fungal invasion and to seal wounds.
	www.paintmaking.com /gums.htm (0 words)

	Acacia and Gum Arabic Powder
		The acacia trees of the Dafur region of Sudan are harvested for resins variously known as gum arabic, Indian gum arabic, or talha.
		It is not the rainforest herb, and it is not a source of acacia gum, although it is sometimes sold in hierberÕas as either or both.
		The drops of gum are three-quarters to three inches (1.5 to 8 cm) in diameter, irregularly shaped, and beige or yellowish white.
	www.mountainroseherbs.com /learn/acacia_gum.php (0 words)

	686. Gum arabic (WHO Food Additives Series 26)
		EXPLANATION Gum arabic, also known as gum acacia, is the dried gummy exudate from tropical and subtropical Acacia senegal trees.
		Gum arabic consists of several high-molecular-weight polysaccharides and their salts, which on hydrolysis yield arabinose, galactose, rhamnose and glucoronic acid (Anderson et al., 1983).
		An additive meeting this criterion must be used within the bounds of good manufacturing practice, i.e., it should be technologically efficacious and should be used at the lowest level necessary to achieve this effect, it should not conceal inferior food quality or adulteration, and it should not create a nutritional imbalance.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v26je07.htm (0 words)

	New gum arabic strategy to nurture buffer stocks for price stability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Gum arabic, also known as acacia gum (E414 in the EU), is widely used by the food and beverage industry; particularly in confectionery categories, where it is included to delay or prevent sugar crystallisation and to emulsify fat.
		But a reduced gum acacia crop in 2002/03 in all the producing countries pushed up prices for the gum during 2003, increasing rapidly by 25 per cent to 30 per cent between March and May in 2003, quickly exhausting stocks in Nigeria, and then in Chad.
		Gum arabic stocks, for which a firm price is agreed, can keep people interested in maintaining the tree crops, Wolff explains to FoodNavigator.com.
	www.foodproductiondaily.com /news/ng.asp?id=60729-gum-arabic-stocks (0 words)

	Corn fibre gum could be effective alternative to gum arabic
		The supply of gum arabic (E414 in the EU), also known as acacia gum because it comes from Acacia trees in the gum belt of Africa, is variable due to political and climatic factors in the primary producing countries like Sudan and Nigeria and this has led to spikes in the price of the ingredient.
		Gum arabic, known as the Rolls Royce' of gums, is widely used by the food and beverage industry, and the top producers (mainly Sudan) bring about 50,000 tonnes of the gum to the market each year.
		The gums were prepared by a sequential alkaline extraction and alkaline hydrogen peroxide bleaching technique or an additional alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment of the alkali treated residue.
	foodnavigator.com /news/ng.asp?n=71278-corn-fibre-gum-arabic-emulsifier (0 words)

	Gums Per... Gum Tragacanth, Gum Arabic, Guar Gum, Carrageenans, Alginates, Xanthan Gum
		Gum Arabic was the traditional adhesive on the backs of postage stamps and Gum Tragacanth is still “the glue” of cigar wrappers.
		Gums, such as Gum Tragacanth or Gum Arabic, among others, are basically saps (Exudates) that come from “Gum Trees.” Others, such as Guar Gum or Locust (Carob) Bean Gum, like wheat are seed extracts.
		Gums form a sort of matrix, thereby preventing, or at least slowing down, the migration or the evaporation of water.
	www.gumsper.com (0 words)

	TIC Gums - Food & Nutraceuticals - Spray-Dry Gum Arabic
		Although Gum Arabic has been the favored carrier for spray-drying, supply problems and the escalating costs of raw materials pointed to the need for alternatives.
		TIC Gums’ Vice President of Research and Development, Dr. Florian Ward, explains that flavor encapsulation is one of the most common and successful applications of the spray-drying process.
		TIC Gums, an ISO 9001 certified manufacturer of hydrocolloids, is located north of Baltimore in Belcamp, Maryland.
	www.ticgums.com /store/prod_fn_pr5.asp (0 words)

	afrol News: Desert encroachment fought with cash crop in Nigeria
		A major impediment to exporting Gum Arabic to the United States has been the poor quality of the commodity due to poor processing, which invariably failed to meet the very high standards of the US market.
		The renewed interest in the growing of Gum Arabic trees, covering 19 northern states which have been affected by the movement of the Sahara desert and have threatened the livelihood of the inhabitants, according to environmentalists, would go a long way to checking desert encroachment in Nigeria.
		Gum export rose from 4,500 tonnes in 1980 to 5,000 tonnes in 1996," he said.
	www.afrol.com /News2002/nig007_gum_arabic.htm (0 words)

	MUSIC
		Derived from the sap of the African acacia tree, Gum Arabic is one of the world’s most common gums with the longest history.
		Also known as Gum Acacia, it was used in ancient times for purposes as varied as mummification and inks for hieroglyphics.
		Today, after harvest in nations in the gum belt of Africa such as Chad, Eritrea, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, and Sudan, Gum Arabic is dried or aged for one year before being processed into spray dried powder.
	www.cacac.org /Gum_Arabic.htm (0 words)

	Gum Arabic producer, exporters, powder, crystals (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Gum Arabic is used in sweeteners and as a food, beverage and drink additive, a liquid or drink thickener, in cake and pastry preparation, and in food flavorings.
		Gum Arabic is used to manufacture pharmaceutical capsules, to coat pills, and it is used to manufacture vitamins, lotions, mascara, cake makeup, and so on.
		Gum Arabic is used as an emulsifier, it is water soluble, and a completely safe, natural product.
	www.jumbo.th.com.cob-web.org:8888 (0 words)

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