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Topic: Guncotton

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	Guncotton - LoveToKnow 1911
		GUNCOTTON, an explosive substance produced by the action of strong nitric acid on cellulose at the ordinary temperature; chemically it is a nitrate of cellulose, or a mixture of nitrates, according to some authorities.
		The first step in the history of guncotton was made by T. Pelouze in 1838, who observed that when paper or cotton was immersed in cold concentrated nitric acid the materials, though not altered in physical appearance, became heavier, and after washing and drying were possessed of self-explosive properties.
		Guncottons are examined for degree of nitration by the nitrometer, in which apparatus they are decomposed by sulphuric acid in contact with mercury, and all the nitrogen is evolved as nitric oxide, NO, which is measured and the weight of its contained nitrogen calculated.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Guncotton (1961 words)

	GUNCOTTON - Online Information article about GUNCOTTON
		Guncotton containing more than 15% of water is uninffammable, may be compressed or worked without danger and is much more difficult to detonate by a fulminate 2 This formula is retained mainly on account of its simplicity.
		A charge of compressed wet guncotton may be exploded, even under water, by the detonation of a small primer of the dry and water-proofed material, which in turn can be started by a small fulminate detonator.
		between guncotton and collodion cotton is the insolubility of the former in ether or alcohol or a mixture of these liquids.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /GUI_HAN/GUNCOTTON.html (2524 words)

	Demonstrations - Guncotton
		Once all of the acids have been rinsed off, and the guncotton is allowed to dry completely, applying a small flame, heat, or a spark will set guncotton off, producing a flash of orange flame.
		Since the guncotton flames up so quickly, I have found that the safest way to light it is with a butane lighter stick, which gives you some distance between the point of ignition and your hands.
		Guncotton can also be stored stored under water, where it will be safe from accidental ignition, and will stay good indefinitely.
	www.angelo.edu /faculty/kboudrea/demos/guncotton/guncotton.htm (533 words)

	Guncotton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Guncotton is a nitrocellulose of high nitrogen content that is employed extensively in the manufacture of single-base propellants.
		In most propellants, guncotton is blended with pyrocellulose where an increase in nitrogen content is desired.
		It is sometimes referred to by various names, such as pyropowder, pyrocellulose, or nitrocellulose.
	www.ordnance.org /guncotto.htm (60 words)

	CHAPTER-II-PAGE-1
		Manufacture of guncotton was undertaken in several European countries, but received severe setbacks through the occurrence of disastrous explosions in several factories in which it was being made.
		For a number of years prior to the World War, guncotton was the preferred explosive material for torpedoes and mines, whereas picric acid or its derivatives were used commonly for the bursting charge of projectiles.
		Dry guncotton was used as a booster for wet gun cotton charges, and is still used as a flame producer in certain types of primers.
	www.eugeneleeslover.com /USNAVY/CHAPTER-II-PAGE-1.html (9203 words)

	EXPLOSIVE. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Its rate of burning was less than that of guncotton because of the partial gelatinization of the powder by a mixture of ether and alcohol; however, it still burned too rapidly for use in rifles.
		Another smokeless powder, cordite, was invented by Sir Frederick Augustus Abel and Sir James Dewar in 1889; it contained a highly nitrated guncotton and nitroglycerin blended by means of acetone.
		Indurite, invented by Charles E. Monroe in 1891, is made from guncotton and is colloided with nitrobenzine; washing with methyl alcohol frees the lower nitrates from the guncotton.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/ex/explosiv.html (579 words)

	Youngfolk's Book of Invention
		For instance, if you hang a ring of small cakes of guncotton round the trunk of a big tree and fire them, the tree comes down as if a giant hand with a single blow of a monstrous axe had chopped through it.
		Guncotton can be detonated, even when wet, by using a small primer of the dry material, and this fact has led to the adoption of guncotton as a charge for torpedoes or for submarine mines.
		By mixing nitroglycerine and guncotton he found a comparatively slow-burning powder which he called ballistite, and this, when he gave it to the world in 1888, caused a very great sensation.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/topic/preservation/science/inventions/chpt22.htm (2040 words)

	AllRefer.com - nitrocellulose (Organic Chemistry) - Encyclopedia
		When cotton is treated so that nearly all of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose molecule are esterified, but with little or no degradation of the molecular structure, the nitrocellulose formed is called guncotton.
		Guncotton is insoluble in such common solvents as water, chloroform, ether, and ethanol.
		If the nitration is not carried to completion (the point at which about two thirds of the hydroxyl groups are esterified), the soluble cellulose nitrate pyroxylin is formed.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/nitrocel.html (233 words)

	BBC - Beyond the Broadcast - Making History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Guncotton was invented in 1845 by German chemist Christian Schönbein.
		However, guncotton did not prove to be suitable as a propellant for weapons: the reaction was too fast and violent.
		Guncotton was now deemed to be a safe explosive to manufacture.
	bbc.net.uk /education/beyond/factsheets/makhist2_prog3a.shtml (566 words)

	Types of Explosives
		Guncotton is obtained when cotton or purified wool cellulose is soaked in a mix of sulphuric acids and nitric acids.
		Ordinary guncotton burns to rapidly to be used in firearms.
		Colloided guncotton is one of the main ingredients in smokeless powder.
	www.freewebs.com /gunsmithcats/explosivestypes.html (2001 words)

	Guncotton \| World of Invention
		Guncotton, discovered in 1845 by Christian Friedrich Schönbein, a German chemist, represented a new phase in explosive weaponry.
		Schönbein discovered guncotton when he was experimenting with nitric and sulfuric acids in the kitchen, an activity that did not meet with his wife's approval.
		Schönbein, meanwhile, developed collodion, a viscous mixture of guncotton and ether, which was more stable than ordinary guncotton.
	www.bookrags.com /research/guncotton-woi (298 words)

	Articles - Smokeless powder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Military commanders had been complaining since the Napoleonic Wars about the problems of giving orders on a battlefield that was covered in thick smoke from the gunpowder used by the guns.
		A major step forward was introduced when guncotton, a nitrocellulose-based propellant, was widely introduced in 1846.
		Guncotton was more powerful than gunpowder, but at the same time was somewhat more volatile.
	lastring.com /articles/Smokeless_powder?mySession=27c1cca2eb4d29f543... (882 words)

	Definition of guncotton - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "guncotton" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "guncotton" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "guncotton" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.merriam-webster.com /dictionary/guncotton (39 words)

	Cordite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It was made out of two forms of nitrocellulose (collodion and guncotton) softened with ethanol and ether and kneaded together.
		Using acetone as a solvent, it was extruded as spaghetti-like rods initially called "cord powder" or "the Committee's modification of ballistite", but this was swiftly abbreviated to cordite.
		To combat this, the British changed the mixture to 65% guncotton, 30% nitroglycerine (and keeping 5% vaseline) in their version shortly after the end of the Second Boer War.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/Cordite.htm (680 words)

	GOW: DEFLAGRATION, EXPLOSION and DETONATION
		As you know the guncotton has (nearly) 3 nitro groups (NO2) per cellulose molecule (guncotton is a really extremely long molecule and therefore it is not exact stochiometric).
		Guncotton, Nitroglycerol and all the other higher nitro compounds are in their pure form "high power explosives".
		When the solvent is vaporized away, the powder contain "hairs" or fibres of insoluble guncotton in the plastic-like "matrix" of dissolved and hardened collodion wool.
	guns.connect.fi /gow/nitro.html (1496 words)

	Martello Tower News
		The aim of the trial was to establish the effect of storing wet guncotton under the most unfavourable conditions and setting fire to it to see the potential for accidents.
		Both magazines were constructed of concrete; No.1 (situated in the north-west corner of the plot of land belonging to Tower 64) had an arched brick roof, No.2 (near Tower 65) a concrete one.
		It was concluded that damp guncotton could be safely stored, providing that it was contained in buildings made of non-flammable materials and away from anything else that might burn.
	www.martello-towers.co.uk /news.htm (1191 words)

	CORDITE - Definition
		[n] explosive powder (nitroglycerin and guncotton and petrolatum) dissolved in acetone and dried and extruded in brown cords
		[From {Cord}, n.] (Mil.) A smokeless powder composed of nitroglycerin, guncotton, and mineral jelly, and used by the British army and in other services.
		In making it the ingredients are mixed into a paste with the addition of acetone and pressed out into cords (of various diameters) resembling brown twine, which are dried and cut to length.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/cordite (106 words)

	Mesothelioma - Nitrocellulose (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Synonyms: cellulose nitrate (n), guncotton (n), nitrocotton (n).
		The power of guncotton meant that it was adopted for blasting and as a projectile force, it has around six times the gas generation of an equal volume of gunpowder and produces less smoke and less heating.
		However the sensitivity of the material during production led to the British, Prussians and French discontinuing manufacture within a year.
	mesothelioma.me.uk /Nitrocellulose.html (654 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Poor Man's Tnt: Improvised Guncotton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It requires only three easily found and legal ingredients and no special skills, equipment or training.
		As the first modern explosive, guncotton also has historic significance.
		Explosives are dangerous, so this is for academic study only.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0873648420 (107 words)

	Explosives - Nitrate esters
		Organic molecules containing nitrate groups are manufactured primarily for explosives or for their pharmacological effects
		for many centuries gunpowder was the world’s only explosive, and was not superseded until the discovery of guncotton.
		But this explosive was so terribly powerful that, when used in a gun or rifle, it blew the barrel to pieces.
	globalsecurity.org /military/systems/munitions/explosives-nitrate.htm (2692 words)

	EX-Poor Man's TNT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		As the first modern explosive whose invention led to the wide array of explosive whose invention led to the wide array of explosives now available, it is also of historical interest to explosives aficionados.
		This manual also contains a special section on safety procedures for handling the chemicals involved in making guncotton and other explosives.
		Warning: Explosives are by nature extremely dangerous, and explosives manufacture and use is closely regulated by most nations and states, with violators subject to fines and imprisonment.
	www.gun-room.com /product158.html (161 words)

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