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Topic: Gunnerales

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	Gunnerales
		Stem group Gunnerales date from 115 to 112 million years before present, the date of divergence of the core eudicot clade (Anderson et al.
		Although Gunnerales were included in the core eudicots in A.P.G. I and II (1999, 2003), it seems reasonable to exclude them on didactic grounds because of their largely plesiomorphic floral morphology.
		Wanntorp and Ronse De Craene (2005) and Ronse De Craene and Wanntorp (2006) note that the morphology of Gunnerales flowers cannot be directly related to that of the pentamerous core eudicots, the floral morphology of the former being shaped by the exigencies of wind pollination.
	www.mobot.org /MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/gunneralesweb.htm (1503 words)

	Berberidopsidales
		There are quite a number of duplications known from this general area, perhaps a whole genome duplication is involved (e.g.
		The occurence of ellagic acid has a similar distribution as does that of seed coats with a mechanical layer more than a single cell thick; again, the asterid I + II clade may be rather different from the rest.
		(1998), although Gunnerales (q.v.) have in the past also been included in core eudicots; Gunnerales and core eudicots are here considered sister taxa.
	www.mobot.org /MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/berberidopsidalesweb.html (1719 words)

	Core Eudicots
		Recent studies identified Gunnerales as the sister to all other core eudicots (D. Soltis et al., 2003; Hilu et al., 2003); however, relationships among the remaining lineages are largely unresolved.
		This clade was identified based on high molecular support for this relationship; it had not previously been suggested on the basis of morphology because the two genera differ substantially morphologically.
		The placement of Gunnerales as sister to the rest of the core eudicots implies that the pentamerous perianth typical of most core eudicots was derived from dimerous ancestors (Ronse DeCraene et al., 2003; D. Soltis et al., 2003).
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Core_Eudicots&contgroup=Eudicots (4199 words)

	New Hot Paper Comment by Douglas and Pamela Soltis
		The analysis clarified some—but certainly not all—of the remaining problems of relationships among the major groups of eudicots.
		Gunnerales (a small, enigmatic group) was found to be the closest relatives of the core eudicots—the core eudicots are most flowering plants and include asterids and rosids; they have flower parts in multiples of 4s or 5s.
		However, gunnerales have flower parts arranged in pairs (dimerous), indicating that this was the evolutionary precursor floral type leading to the flower type found in the vast majority of flowering plants.
	www.esi-topics.com /nhp/2004/september-04-Soltis.html (446 words)

	Wikipedia:Tree of Life/Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pertinent literature published since the first APG classification is included, such that many additional families are now placed in the phylogenetic scheme.
		In general, we have adopted a conservative approach and propose here changes in the APG system only when there is substantial new evidence supporting a revised classification.
		Analyses of a four-gene data set for eudicots indicated placement of Saxifragales as sister to all other core eudicots except Gunnerales (Soltis et al., 2003).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wikipedia_Tree_of_Life/Update_of_the_Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group (9003 words)

	Gunnerales
		[ Greyiales ] [ Gunnerales ] [ Gyrostemonales ]
		Vernacular names of plants within the Order Gunnerales
		For a description of the methodology followed in establishing this hierarchy see the note Nomenclature used in The Compleat Botanica.
	www.crescentbloom.com /plants/Ordo/Gunnerales.htm (67 words)

	PBIO 450 Lecture Notes - Rosidae -- Spring 1998
		As may be seen, therefore, the placement of the Podostemaceae is still somewhat nedulous, and its near relatives somewhat questionable.
		My own view is that they, along with the Haloragales and Gunnerales, form an isolated group of highly specialized rosoids with a saxifragean origin, with the terrestrial Gunneraceae being the basal unit in the group.
		Given the reduction in the number of nuclei associated with the female gametophyte in the Podostemaceae (4) and Haloragaceae (8 - polygonum type), it should come as no surprise that the number in Gunneraceae is 16 (piper type).
	www.life.umd.edu /emeritus/reveal/PBIO/pb450/rosi06.html (1579 words)

	Gunnerales are sister to other core eudicots: implications for the evolution of pentamery -- Soltis et al. 90 (3): 461 ...
		Gunnerales are sister to other core eudicots: implications for the evolution of pentamery -- Soltis et al.
		Gunnerales are sister to other core eudicots: implications for the evolution of pentamery
		eudicots occurred after the node leading to Gunnerales.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/abstract/90/3/461 (784 words)

	Ranunculales
		Within the eudicots, most recent studies place Gunnerales sister to core eudicots (or sister to other core eudicots!: Senters et al.
		They found most of the relationships along the eudicot spine to be strongly (>90% jacknife) supported, although the position of Sabiales had only 83% support, of which most came from the matK gene (the other genes examined were petD and trnL-F).
		Although Buxales are sister to Gunnerales plus core eudicots in most analyses, relationships in this general area were scrambled using the PetD marker alone (Worberg et al.
	www.mobot.org /MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/ranunculalesweb.htm (5262 words)

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