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Topic: Gunshot residue

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	Gunshot Residue - FirearmsID.com
		The residues are expelled from the barrel in a smoky cone shaped pattern.
		Gunshot residues emitted from the muzzle will travel out to distances of approximately 3 and 5 feet in most firearms but in some cases can travel even greater distances.
		There have actually been cases where a hard contact gunshot (muzzle pressed hard against the victim) caused the residues to blow through the wound tract in the victim and be deposited around the inside of the exit hole of the victim's clothing.
	www.firearmsid.com /A_distanceGSR.htm (1076 words)

	Vincent Foster
		His responsibility is to determine cause of death and, in the case of a gunshot wound, to determine with the police the manner of death -- suicide, homicide, accident, or undetermined.
		The FBI Laboratory reported that these gunshot residues "are consistent with the cylinder blast or the muzzle blasts" which would be produced if the revolver was fired "in close proximity to the front of this shirt." Similarly, when the ATF Laboratory, at the request of the Park Police, tested Mr.
		Gunshot Residue in Soil As part of his examination, Dr. Lee went to Fort Marcy Park with OIC investigators and obtained soil and other materials from the berm on which Mr.
	www.whatreallyhappened.com /RANCHO/POLITICS/FOSTER_COVERUP/Starr_text.html (14773 words)

	NIJ Gunpowder Analysis
		Residues are recovered from the tape by physical removal of visible particles with tweezers, or solvent extraction for microscopic residues.
		Gunshot residue is defined as the traces of material that remain after the use of a firearm using smokeless gunpowder ammunition.
		Residue composition immediately after firing, in some cases, was different from the unburned powder and varied from sample to sample as determined by replicate analyses, as noted previously.
	www.securitymanagement.com /library/000360.html (4417 words)

	Convictions tied to controversial gun-residue test
		Burns said gunshot evidence is used sparingly in the 10,000 felony cases prosecutors handle each year -- and that it is never presented to a jury without other corroborating evidence.
		Of about 100 gunshot residue tests over the past five years that were deemed positive based on two-element particles, about 70 became part of criminal cases -- though often the suspected residue was collected from a person who ended up as a witness.
		Gunshot residue is made up of tiny particles composed primarily of lead, barium, antimony and fusions of those three elements.
	www.truthinjustice.org /MD-gsr.htm (1218 words)

	No. 97-1480
		Subsequently, the trial court struck the testimony regarding the swabbing and gunshot residue, ruling that it was irrelevant.
		Thereafter, the trial court again raised the issue about the gunshot residue testing, suggesting that the State should bring in someone from the crime lab to testify regarding what these tests can show.
		The gun was never found and the gunshot residue tests were not consistent with DelReal having discharged a firearm.
	www.wisbar.org /res/capp/z1997/97-1480.htm (2489 words)

	Gunshot Residue
		Gunshot residue kits are analyzed in an effort to determine if an individual was involved in the discharge of a firearm.
		The gunshot residue kit contains two SEM stubs with carbon tape adhesive that are used to tape lift the palm and back surfaces of the hands.
		The GSR stubs are analyzed for constituents of gunshot residue, namely the elements lead (Pb), antimony (Sb) and barium (Ba).
	www.mshp.dps.missouri.gov /MSHPWeb/PatrolDivisions/CLD/TraceEvidence/GunshotResidue.html (90 words)

	FIREARMS TUTORIAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Residue may be found on the skin or clothing of the person who fired the gun, on an entrance wound of a victim, or on other target materials at the scene.
		Lead residues may be found up to 30 feet from the muzzle, and are always present on the opposite side of a penetrated target.
		The method of collection for residue is quite simple and easily carried out in the field (Tassa, et al, 1982a) directly onto the gummed surface of a chuck, or holder, applied to the surface (skin or other material) to be tested.
	medstat.med.utah.edu /WebPath/TUTORIAL/GUNS/GUNGSR.html (1220 words)

	Fraternal Order of Police Lodge #4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gunshot residue, tiny particles that explode from a gun when it is fired and can sometimes be collected from a suspect's hands, has been used for years as key scientific evidence in the city's prosecution of weapons, shooting and murder cases.
		Themelis said he excluded the evidence because the city's only gunshot residue analyst, a criminalist at the Baltimore police crime lab, drew a conclusion the judge said is out of step with the consensus of the broader scientific community.
		Among their findings: possible contamination of the city lab facilities, the transfer of gunshot residue from police equipment to suspects' hands, and, as pointed out in yesterday's ruling, a lower standard for labeling something gunshot residue than in other police departments.
	www.foplodge4.org /news.php?id=2900 (1183 words)

	Gun Residue Shot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		An actress killed at music producer Phil Spector's home was shot with a gun inside her mouth and had gunshot residue on both of her hands, indicating she may have fired the weapon, according to a...
		Spector’s home was shot with a gun inside her mouth and had gunshot residue on both hands, indicating...
		Gunshot residue refers not only to the primer residue left on the shooter's hands, but also to the gunpowder residue left on the victim's clothing.
	www.best-deals-4u.com /photos/gun-residue-shot.html (735 words)

	CNN.com - Blake preliminary hearing nearing end - Mar. 13, 2003
		A criminalist testified that he could not say that the material found on actor Robert Blake was from gunshot residue from the weapon used to kill his wife.
		The gunshot residue tests were complicated by the fact that Blake was carrying a.38-caliber handgun the night of killing.
		Residue tests are not normally performed on people who have a gun or have been in contact with a weapon.
	www.cnn.com /2003/LAW/03/12/blake.hearing.ap/index.html (592 words)

	MUFSC Seminar
		If gunshot residue is detected on the hands, face, or clothing of a suspect, it can be used as evidence that that person has recently discharged, handled, or been in the vicinity of a discharging firearm.
		Gunshot residue is typically spherical in shape, 0.5 to 5 :m in diameter, and contains the elements lead, barium, and antimony.
		Gunshot residue analysis is dependent upon the uniqueness of GSR composition.
	forensics.marshall.edu /Seminar/Seminar-04.11-4.html (396 words)

	Segured.com
		A Baltimore jury decided gunshot residue on Tyrone Jones hand was reason enough to convict him in a killing, but the science isnt beyond all doubt.
		Police had found gunshot residue particles on Jones hand, indication, if not proof, prosecutors said, that he had fired or handled a gun.
		Gunshot residue, they say, can mean someone fired a gun, or was next to a gun, or touched a person who fired a gun, or touched a car seat where someone who fired a gun once sat.
	www.segured.com /index.php?od=9&link=4893 (3672 words)

	Daily-Jeff.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A gunshot residue analysis expert was scheduled to take the witness stand Thursday for the prosecution in the murder trial of 23-year-old Darrell Brister.
		The expert witness, identified as A.J. Schwoeble, of R.J. Lee Inc. in Monroeville, Pa., was expected to testify regarding levels of gunshot residue on Brister and the victim, James Aiello, 24, in an attempt to place their proximity to each other at the time the fatal shot was fired outside a home on Bloomfield Road.
		Gunshot residue tests were administered on the hands of Brister, Aiello and two other men at the residence at the time of the shooting, identified as Robert Shuler and Sam Larrison.
	www.daily-jeff.com /article.php?pathToFile=/archive/03182004/news/&file=_news1.txt&article=1&tD=03182004 (372 words)

	Meixa Tech - Testing Lab - Scanning Electron Microscopy - Elemental Analysis - Expert Witness
		Gunshot residue samplers from suspects in shooting cases should not be reported as having particles "consistent with gunshot residue" when the only particles found are lead.
		In addition, the gunshot residue reports fail to distinguish between individual and populations of particles, a critical distinction considering virtually all elemental combinations of lead, antimony and barium found in gunshot residue may also originate from environmental sources.
		A series of experiments were performed to determine how skin debris (desquamated epithelial cells and skin oils) affects gunshot residue (GSR) particle detection on SEM stubs: 1) A dabbing experiment showed that GSR particles accumulate not only on the adhesive surface of the sampler, but also on the epithelial cells.
	www.meixatech.com /articles.html (1531 words)

	Converted WP file 28404
		The State's gunshot tests on the defendant's vehicle, conducted approximately two to three weeks after the murders, were negative for the presence of any gunshot residue in the vehicle's interior.
		The State's explanation for this at trial was that gunshot residue can be easily transferred from one surface to another, washed off, blown away, or diminished to the point of non-detection.
		Gunshot residue tests were conducted on the interior of the vehicle approximately two to three weeks after the murders.
	www.state.wv.us /wvsca/docs/spring01/28404.htm (7852 words)

	News in Science - Gunshot residues under the microscope - 03/02/2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Australian scientists are developing a faster way of analysing gunshot residues from crime scenes that uses a different type of electron microscope.
		Gunshot residue is made up of minute particles of gunpowder as well as particles from the bullet, cartridge and gun.
		Police collect residue samples from the crime scene or a suspect's hand or clothing using a stub with a sticky carbon surface.
	www.abc.net.au /science/news/stories/s1035054.htm (442 words)

	The Sources of Lead in Gunshot Residue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The presence of lead in gunshot residues is typically and easily detected with the sodium rhodizonate reagent either applied directly to certain evidence items or through transfer techniques.
		Some of the lead from this source emerges from the muzzle of the gun upon discharge, some is deposited in the bore of the firearm and some is frequently deposited on the exterior surface of the bullet during its journey through the gun barrel.
		These residues may emerge from a firearm at the moment of discharge in the form of particulates or vaporous material- both of which respond to the sodium rhodizonate reagent and can be recognized as such by the appearance of the resultant color complex with this reagent.
	www.afte.org /Journal/summer01abstrs/pg212.htm (341 words)

	FIREARMS TUTORIAL
		Examination for gunshot residue may aid in distinguishing entrance from exit wounds, for the entrance wound will have more than the exit, or the exit will have none.
		Dixon (1984a) has described how the direction of fire of a graze gunshot wound of the skin surface can be determined by careful examination of the so- called skin tags located along the lateral margins of the graze wound trough, by use of a dissecting microscope or hand lens.
		Such a determination requires analysis of multiple pieces of evidence, including the scene investigation, the examination of the body, ballistics evidence, analysis for gunshot residue, and interviews of persons involved with the decedent and the scene of death.
	medlib.med.utah.edu /WebPath/TUTORIAL/GUNS/GUNINJ.html (1257 words)

	[No title]
		Defense counsel conducted a cross-examination wherein Rao admitted that the gunshot residue could have come from handling a gun or being near a gun, and that it did not necessarily mean that the person had fired a gun.
		Rao conceded that the presence of gunshot residue on a person's hands did not mean that person was the shooter.
		The evidence presented at trial also established that Kischnick had less gunshot residue than Riechmann, although she was closer to the shooter and Riechmann moved considerably more after the incident and had more opportunities for the gunshot residue to disappear.
	www.oranous.com /innocence/DieterRiechmann/Riechmann2000.htm (10199 words)

	Report on the Death of Vincent W Foster
		Gunshot residue like material was observed on his right hand.[49] When the Park Police lifted and turned over the body later that evening, they noted a wound out the back of his head,[50] and blood on the ground underneath his head and back.[51] They observed no signs of a struggle.[52]
		Perforating gunshot wound mouth-head; entrance wound is in the posterior oropharynx at a point approximately 7 1/2" inches from the top of the head; there is also a defect in the tissues of the soft palate and some of these fragments contain probable powder debris.
		Lead residues were also detected on the underside of the edge of the collar on the left side of the...shirt.
	www.rotten.com /library/bio/usa/vince-foster/foster-report (17956 words)

	Testimony: Blake had gunshot residue on boots - ROBERT BLAKE TRIAL - MSNBC.com
		Another criminalist, Debra Kowal, testified she found gunshot residue particles on Bakley’s hands, but said those could have resulted from a firearm being discharged in her vicinity and do not mean Bakley fired a gun.
		Kowal also said that a person could pick up the particles by touching items that had been exposed to gunshot residue, such as a sweat shirt, the surface of a booth in a restaurant or the car where Bakley was shot.
		Gunshot residue evidence has been problematic in the case because on the night of the killing Blake had a handgun, which he said he carried for protection.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/6818856 (619 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Foster Report
		His responsibility is to determine cause of death and, in the case of a gunshot wound, to determine with the police the manner of death – suicide, homicide, accident, or undetermined.
		Beyer recalled that Dr. Haut indicated that there was a perforating gunshot wound (that is, a gunshot wound with an entrance and exit) and that the Park Police was the investigating agency.
		Perforating gunshot wound mouth-head; entrance wound is in the posterior oropharynx at a point approximately 7 1/2" from the top of the head; there is also a defect in the tissues of the soft palate and some of these fragments contain probable powder debris.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/politics/special/whitewater/docs/fosterva.htm (2391 words)

	The (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		jury decided gunshot residue on Tyrone Jones' hand was reason enough to convict him in a killing, but the science isn't beyond all doubt, Balt.
		There was also a particle of barium and antimony, which some experts call likely gunshot residue, and at least 15 lead particles, which are not considered gunshot residue particles.
		said, his office is trying to investigate the way gunshot residue is used in the city courts.
	www.law-forensic.com /gsr_1.htm (3340 words)

	Untitled Document
		Because gunshot residue "extend[ed] from the distal joint" of the right index finger into the web area between it and his right thumb, the length of the gunshot residue deposit was over five inches long.
		His description that the residues are "consistent with the this area," when the "right hand" is "near the front of the cylinder" inadequately describes the coverage and length of the gunshot residue deposits on Mr.
		The only possible way to have gunshot residue deposited on the right index finger and web area and left index finger, a sufficient distance from the barrel-cylinder gap to provide the five-inch length of the residue pattern, is if the weapon was fired by the hand of another.
	www.prorev.com /knowl2a.htm (9444 words)

	Evidence collection - Gun Shot Residue - Crime scene supply
		For example, in the case of an apparent suicide involving a handgun, a gunshot residue collection should be done on the hands of the deceased.
		If no residue is found, the case could actually be a murder made to look like a suicide.
		To protect this residue it is suggested to put brown paper bags (NEVER white paper bags or plastic bags) on the suspected shooter's hands and tape them around the wrist.
	www.securityandsafetysupply.com /department-supplies/evidence-4.html (470 words)

	Current Methods in Forensic Gunshot Residue Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		They believe, for instance, that the particles solidification happens on the open, when the vapours escapes "through any available opening in the weapon" (page 11).
		This is not so, as it has been clearly explained (for example) by S. Basu in "Formation of gunshot residues" (Journal of Forensic Sciences, 27 - 1 - 1982).
		What is comical is that said article is reported in the book bibliography: one wonders if the authors took the trouble to reed the material they list.
	www.freeglossary.com /p:0849300290 (172 words)

	GSR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In addition, to the unique GSR particles, gunshot residue also contains particles with chemical compositions that are consistent with GSR but not unique.
		Gunshot residue was found on the back-rest and the dashboard and some was found on the seat but very little GSR was found on the glove compartment door.
		Matricardi, V. and Kilty J. W., Detection of Gunshot Residue Particles from the Hands of a Shooter, J. of Forensic Sci., 22, 725-738, 1977.
	www.micromaterialsresearch.com /GSR.html (475 words)

	BVDA: Microtrace investigation: gunshot residue
		When a handgun is fired the detonation of the cartridge and gas leakage around moving gun parts, in addition to blow-back from the muzzle, carries small particles (gunshot residue: GSR) to the shooter's hand.
		Sampling the hands of a person suspected of having recently discharged a firearm makes it possible to ascertain such traces later in a laboratory examination.
		In the cap of each tube in this gunshot residue set, an aluminum "stub" is fitted.
	www.bvda.com /EN/sect5/en_5_3a.html (231 words)

	Heather Harrelson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Although circumstances may not permit this analysis to be performed subsequent to every shooting incident, the conclusions derived from the exam may have profound bearing on the outcome of the case.
		After exiting the barrel, these residues spread out in a conical shape and travel variable distances depending on their size and weight, in addition to other factors.
		If an individual is in close proximity to the muzzle of the gun, the pattern and density of the GSR may indicate the approximate distance from which the gun was fired.
	www.adfs.state.al.us /heather_harrelson.htm (358 words)

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