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Topic: Guomindang

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	Chinese history:Republican China
		Soviet advisers--the most prominent of whom was an agent of the Comintern, Mikhail Borodin--began to arrive in China in 1923 to aid in the reorganization and consolidation of the Guomindang along the lines of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
		The CCP was under Comintern instructions to cooperate with the Guomindang, and its members were encouraged to join while maintaining their party identities.
		The CCP and the left wing of the Guomindang had decided to move the seat of the Nationalist government from Guangzhou to Wuhan.
	www.chinavoc.com /history/republic.htm (1520 words)

	China, Japan and International Tensions
		In 1925, Chiang and the Guomindang army extended Guomindang authority north from around Canton into Jiangxi Province.Briefly that year, one of the earliest members of the Communist Party, Mao Zedong, now thirty-one, was in Hunan Province, just west of Jiangxi, observing peasant risings against their landlords.
		The Guomindang in Hankow was under the influence of Michael Borodin and leftists, while moderates within the Guomindang remained disturbed by the growing radicalism.
		Guomindang forces under the influence of Leftists took over the British concession in the cities of Hankow and Kiukiang, while British and U. merchants and missionaries were being evacuated from areas held by the Guomindang.
	www.fsmitha.com /h2/ch10.htm (11974 words)

	Working Papers-Wenguan ("Lettered Official"), Gongwuyuan ("Public Servant"), and Ganbu ("Cadre"): The Politics of ...
		Guomindang state administration was roundly criticized for being faction riven, corrupt, and ineffective--and the administrative efficiency reformers were among the most vociferous in these complaints.
		Strangely, the weakness that led to the Guomindang's downfall in the civil war of the late 1940s also permitted the survival of concepts and terms allowing for professional quasi-autonomy of technocratic state administrators that would prove to be instrumental in the consolidation of the Guomindang party-state on Taiwan.
		The Guomindang state's own acceptance of the differences between its "regular" bureaucracy and the separate (and elitist) Ministry of Foreign Affairs was formalized in the Guomindang's incorporation of the Ministry's own denotations of its members as lingshiguan and waijiaoguan in the Ministry of Personnel's Law on civil service appointments (1933), which replaced these terms.
	www.indiana.edu /~easc/resources/working_paper/noframe_6b_letter.htm (8306 words)

	Guomindang
		The Guomindang was an amalgamation of small political groups, including Sun's Hsin Chung Hui (‘New China Party’), founded in 1894.
		During the Chinese revolution (1927–49) the right wing, led by Jiang Jie Shi, was in conflict with the left, led by Mao Zedong (though the sides united during the Japanese invasion of 1937–45).
		Guomindang survived as the dominant political party of Taiwan (until 2000), where it is still spelled Kuomintang.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0004130.html (301 words)

	Mao Tse-Tung killer file
		Also inspired by the movement, the Guomindang is reestablished in October and, with the aid of local warlords, quickly takes control of the south of China.
		At the urging of the Soviet Union, the CCP joins the Guomindang in a second united front against the Japanese, although their uneasy alliance begins to break down late in 1938.
		Although still numerically superior, the position of the Guomindang is weakened by the rampant corruption of its government and the accompanying political and economic chaos.
	www.moreorless.au.com /killers/mao.html (6130 words)

	Jiang Jieshi - Conservapedia
		Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) (1887-1975) was the autocratic military leader of the Guomindang from 1925 following the death of Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen), and from 1928 until his death in 1975 was the paramount leader and (with brief interruptions) President of the Republic of China.
		Guomindang armies marched north from Guangzhou in a bid to free China from the warring warlord factions which had been the sole fluctuating authority in the country since the death of Yuan Shikai in 1916, and to unify the country under Guomindang rule.
		By September 1926 the Guomindang had captured Wuhan on the middle Yangtse, and a Guomindang government was established there.
	www.conservapedia.com /Jiang_Jieshi (1338 words)

	Charlie Hore: China - Whose Revolution? (1949 and the Road to Power)
		For the Guomindang represented the aspirations of Chinese capitalists and landlords to become a ruling class on equal terms with the rest of the world.
		As the Guomindang armies entered the city, workers were told to lay down their arms and welcome them as liberators.
		The Guomindang, deeply corrupt and riven by factionalism, was incapable of defending the “national interests” of China against Japanese imperialism.
	www.marxists.de /china/hore/01-1949.htm (2855 words)

	The extent the Japanese invasion and World War II hinder Or facilitate the Communist Revolution of China.
		The Guomindang could not ban Communist recruitment without upsetting the war effort in the eyes of the public.
		This was disadvantageous to the Guomindang after the war when people preferred to enlist with Communists instead.
		The Guomindang was increasingly viewed as impotent against the raiding Japanese.
	members.tripod.com /IB-Essays/revolution_in_wwii.html (2881 words)

	Singapore - Between the World Wars
		In 1927 the Guomindang increased the number of promising students brought to China for university education and began a concerted effort to extend its control over Chinese schools in the Nanyang by supervising their curriculum and requiring the use of Mandarin.
		The fortunes of both the Guomindang and the MCP rose with invasion of Manchuria by Japan in 1931 and the start of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937.
		The Guomindang called upon the Nanyang Chinese for volunteer and financial support for the Republic of China, which had promulgated a Nationality Law in 1929, by which it claimed all persons of Chinese descent on the paternal side as Chinese nationals.
	countrystudies.us /singapore/7.htm (1174 words)

	The Dragon in the Land of Snows
		One of the primary objectives of the Guomindang was to restore its influence and a number of missions were dispatched to Lhasa to re-establish relations with the Tibetans.
		Later the Guomindang and the Communists claimed that Wu had `presided' over the ceremony and that his involvement was essential to the recognition of the new Dalai Lama.
		Both the Guomindang and the Communists felt that the Indian mission in Lhasa, and particularly Hugh Richardson, was responsible for the incident.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/s/shakya-dragon.html (6878 words)

	Mao Zedong, Dictator of the Month November 2001
		The Soviets pledge to support both the Guomindang and the emerging CCP with their struggle for national unification.
		The Guomindang does however receive aid from the United States, which also attempts to broker a settlement between the two warring parties.
		The Guomindang's numerical advantage is steadily eroded until by mid-1948 the two sides are almost even.
	www.dictatorofthemonth.com /Mao/Nov2001MaoEN.htm (4484 words)

	Chinese History Part-7: Republican China
		The party, the Guomindang (Kuomintang or KMT--the National People's Party, frequently referred to as the Nationalist Party), was an amalgamation of small political groups, including Sun's Tongmeng Hui.
		There now were three capitals in China: the internationally recognized warlord regime in Beijing; the Communist and left-wing Guomindang regime at Wuhan; and the right-wing civilian-military regime at Nanjing, which would remain the Nationalist capital for the next decade.
		Chinese fury against Japan was predictable, but anger was also directed against the Guomindang government, which at the time was more preoccupied with anti-Communist extermination campaigns than with resisting the Japanese invaders.
	www.hotathrandom.com /China007.htm (3311 words)

	China, the Soviet Union and Japan to 1936
		Most Guomindang divisions in southern Jiangxi were withdrawn, leaving government troops guarding a few outposts on the fringes of the Communist held territory.
		And with the Guomindang government distracted, the Communists in southern Jiangxi had expanded, and in November 1931 they declared their area in Jiangxi a Soviet republic.
		Military units in the area wished to try Chiang as a traitor, and a few politicians in the Guomindang were inspired by the prospect of Chiang's death in their hope that they would rise in his place.
	www.fsmitha.com /h2/ch18chin.htm (2941 words)

	Republican China: II
		The decade of 1928-37 was one of consolidation and accomplishment by the Guomindang (
		Some of the harsh aspects of foreign concessions and privileges in China were moderated through diplomacy.
		Conflict with Japan, which would continue from the 1930s to the end of World War II, was the other force (besides the Communists themselves) that would undermine the Nationalist government.
	www-chaos.umd.edu /history/republican2.html (596 words)

	Chinese History - The Republic of China ä¸è¯æ°‘å event history (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		In 1924 Sun Yat-sen reorganized the Guomindang in Guangdong and hold the first national congress (Guomindang diyici quanguo daibiao dahui åæ°‘é»¨ç¬¬ä¸æ¬¡å¨åä»£è¡¨å¤§æ) during that he newly stressed the Three Principles of the People (sanmin zhuyi ä¸æ°‘ä¸»ç¾©: nationalism, democracy, people's livelihood - minzu zhuyi æ°‘æ—ä¸»ç¾©, minquan zhuyi æ°‘æ¬ä¸»ç¾©, minsheng zhuyi æ°‘ç”ä¸»ç¾© - and actually anti-imperialism).
		The Guomindang government of Wuhan that still followed the united front with the Communists was represented by Sun Ke å«ç§‘, Xu Qian å¾è¬, Wang Jingwei, Tan Yankai, Li Zongren æå®—ä», Tang Shengzhi å”ç”æº, and Song Ziwen å®åæ— (T.V. Song), two ministers were members of the Communist Party.
		His central government, lead by one party, the Guomindang, was structured in five courts (see political system of the Republic), and his government was internationally acknowledged as the representant of China.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Rep/rep-event.html (2707 words)

	Deng Xiaoping and the fate of the Chinese Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The CCP was integrated into the Guomindang and compelled to accept the discipline of this capitalist party, while Chiang Kai-shek was elected to the executive committee of the Comintern--over Trotsky's lone opposing vote.
		During the same period that the Comintern, under Stalin's leadership, solidarized itself with the bourgeois Guomindang in China, a similar policy was elaborated in Britain, where it forged an alliance with the Trades Union Congress bureaucracy, paving the way to the betrayal of the 1926 British General Strike.
		While the Guomindang regime crumbled under the impact of Japanese military pressure, inflation and endemic corruption, the peasant-based armies led by the CCP became the spearhead of national resistance to the Japanese.
	www.wsws.org /history/1997/mar1997/dengx.shtml (5325 words)

	[No title]
		Sun Yatsen has been canonized and worshipped by both the Guomindang (Chinese Nationalist Party) and the Communists as a national cult figure and, in particular, by the former as the source of political legitimacy since 1925.
		Knowledgeable members of the Guomindang are well aware of this; but they dare not speak out because they are afraid of the idol which hangs over their head.
		Guomindang needs a Martin Luther in order to have hope for a renaissance.....There is nothing sacred in these principles; how could we saddle the mind of our youth with them?
	mcel.pacificu.edu /aspac/papers/scholars/Chen/chen.html (3681 words)

	::The Long March 1934 to 1935::
		In the autumn of 1933, the Guomindang leader Chiang Kai-shek launched a huge attack against the Communists who were then based in the Jiangxi and Fujian provinces in south-east China.
		The Guomindang was advised by the German general, Hans von Seeckt.
		The Guomindang had a policy of making a slow advance building trenches and blockhouses as they went to give the Guomindang troops there places of protection.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /long_march_1934_to_1935.htm (919 words)

	Guomindang (Kuomintang) Party of China
		The rightwing of the Guomindang was under the leadership of Hu Han-min.
		The communist members of the Guomindang were rising and they were perceived as a threat to Chiang.
		The uprising was put down by the local warlord but the uprising demonstrated the strength of communist influence in the labor unions.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/guomindang.htm (689 words)

	The Long March of the Communist Party of China
		The Guomindang although it had a socialist orientation was primarily concerned with establishing a nation state.
		The Guomindang actually split at this time into two factions, a left faction headed by Chiang Kai-shek who accepted continued cooperation with the Communists and a right faction which opposed such cooperation.
		The ideological roots of the Guomindang are a bit uncertain but there was an emphasis on nationalism and socialism.
	www2.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/longmarch.htm (2669 words)

	Exploring Chinese History :: History :: Modern Chinese History :: Summary
		After Chiang's return in late 1923, he participated in the establishment of the Whampoa (Huangpu) Military Academy outside Guangzhou, which was the seat of government under the Guomindang-CCP alliance.
		The decade of 1928-37 was one of consolidation and accomplishment by the Guomindang.
		Some of the harsh aspects of foreign concessions and privileges in China were moderated through diplomacy.There were forces at work during this period of progress that would eventually undermine the Chiang Kai-shek government.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/01his/c03s01.html (1350 words)

	The Guomindang (Kuomintang), the Nationalist Party of China
		The Communist members of the Guomindang were rising in the Guomindang hierarchy and they were perceived as a threat to Chiang.
		In Taiwan the Guomindang slowly renounced its collectivist character but the economic policy of the Guomindang in Taiwan clearly reflects its central planning, state-domination of the economy.
		Fortunately for Taiwan the Guomindang government allowed the relatively free operation of small scale enterprises that brought about the economic success of the Taiwan economy.
	www.applet-magic.com /guomindang.htm (957 words)

	::Chiang Kai::
		In later years and once he was the leader of the Guomindang, Chiang tended to favour those who had worked at Whampoa and appointed them to important jobs within the Guomindang.
		Critics within the Guomindang claimed that Chiang was more concerned about maintaining control within the party and in areas he had power over rather than co-ordinate a campaign against the Japanese aggressors.
		By August 1945, the Red Army was in a powerful position to attack the Guomindang's army and civil war ensued in China after the end of World War Two.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /chiang_kai.htm (1034 words)

	Feudalism, Self-exploitation & the 1949 Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Indeed, many Guomindang leaders and their relatives were principals (primarily as owners) in these large-scale capitalist ventures, often with explicit government subsidies, government contracts guaranteeing sales, and other forms of support.
		The countryside remained largely under the control of feudal lords, who considered any payments to the Guomindang government to be little more than tribute (squeezed out of the surplus that the lords extracted from their "peasants") to the latest in a long series of sovereigns.
		They generally disliked the Guomindang, partly because of the heavy taxes levied upon them by the nationalist regime, as well as bribes that often had to be paid to Guomindang officials in order to obtain licenses, to have licenses renewed, or simply to avoid harassment.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/sgabriel/china2.htm (2889 words)

	Session 26 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Guomindang ideology is typically described dismissively by Western scholars as derivative, conservative, anachronistic, and ill-suited to the needs and conditions of a modern nation.
		As a result, Guomindang members stirred up mass-based popular riots and demonstrations to weaken the resolve of Christian leaders (both foreign and Chinese) while at the same time offering to intervene and help the Christian schools if they submitted to and accepted government standards.
		From at least 1928 the Guomindang (GMD) actively promoted scientific research, education, and a scientific approach to life through the construction of institutions, implementation of policies, and use of rhetoric.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1999abst/china/c-26.htm (1097 words)

	Structure of the Post-Revolution Chinese Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Chinese leaders who had survived the Guomindang's attempted extermination were disinclined to follow the Stalinist approach, at least in the countryside, for fear of alienating the rural population and perhaps planting the seeds for future rural unrest.
		In the last years of Guomindang rule, it had become difficult for the nationalist government to raise sufficient revenues to meet the demands of policing civil conflict, financing a massive bureaucracy, feeding widescale corruption (Guomindang officials were notorious for stealing from the government coffers), and paying the wages of the Guomindang army.
		Hyperinflation had added to the miseries of urban life under the Guomindang and the CPC was determined not to reproduce this mistake.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/sgabriel/china3.htm (4393 words)

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