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Topic: Gurage languages

	Semitic Languages - ninemsn Encarta
		Semitic Languages, one of the seven subfamilies or branches of the Afro-Asiatic or Hamito-Semitic language family.
		Of the Semitic languages, Arabic was carried beyond its original home in the Arab Peninsula throughout the Arab Empire and is spoken across North Africa to the Atlantic coast, and Arabic and Hebrew are used by Muslims and Jews in other parts of the world.
		The other Semitic languages are centred in a region bounded on the west by Ethiopia and on the north by Syria and extending south-east through Iraq and the Arab Peninsula, with some “islands” of Semitic speech farther east in Iran.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761569639/Semitic_Languages.html (682 words)

	Gurage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Gurage languages do not constitute a coherent linguistic grouping, rather, the term is both linguistic and cultural.
		Over 50 % of the Gurage claim allegiance to Ethiopian Orthodox Church, an Oriental Orthodox church related to Coptic Christianity, and another 40 % (mainly the Silt'e) are adherents of Islam.
		Gurage follow strict norms when it comes to feeding practices after a child is born.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gurage (1315 words)

	Semitic_languages LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Semitic languages were among the earliest to attain a written form, with Akkadian writing beginning in the middle of the third millennium BC.
		A number of Gurage languages are to be found in the mountainous center-south of Ethiopia, while Harari is restricted to the city of Harar.
		All Semitic languages exhibit a unique pattern of stems consisting of "triliteral" or consonantal roots (normally consisting of three consonants), from which nouns, adjectives, and verbs are formed by inserting vowels with, potentially, prefixes, suffixes, or infixes.
	www.school-explorer.com /info/Semitic_languages (2396 words)

	Exerts From "Amharic Verb Morphology: A Generative Approach"
		Not only are the languages spoken by most Ethiopians genetically related, but (as Ferguson 1970 and 1976 has shown) the phenomenon of diffusion of traits over a large area has resulted in even more sharing of common features than one would expect among languages of three coordinate branches of a super-family.
		Harari is one of the remnants of a probable East Gurage continuum extending from the present East Gurage area south of Addis Ababa to Harer.
		The origin of the Gurage communities is an unsettled issue: there is good reason to believe that they are the outgrowth of ancient military colonies from the north, though some reject this (Hudson 1977).
	www.abyssiniagateway.net /info/bender.html (1976 words)

	Semitic Languages (and the Phoenician language)
		Ancient languages spoken by non-Arab population of these many Middle Easter countries continue to survive in the dialects/languages of everyday life and the roots of the older languages of the Phoenician, Aramaic, Syriac, Assyrian, Coptic...etc. are still evident.
		Ancient languages spoken by non-Arab population of these countries continue to survive in the dialects/languages of everyday life and the roots of the older languages of the Phoenician, Aramaic, Syriac, Assyrian, Coptic...etc. are still evident.
		It diverged from the South Arabian languages around the beginning of the Christian era, reaching its greatest extension in the 4th century AD, when it was spoken especially in the kingdom of Aksum on either side of the present-day border of Ethiopia and Eritrea.
	www.phoenicia.org /semlang.html (2757 words)

	The Gurage People - Carolyn Ford with SIM in Ethiopia
		Their language is Semitic, like Hebrew and Amharic (the national language of Ethiopia), but due to the influence of surrounding Cushitic languages it has 10 vowels instead of the usual 7.
		Barley, potatoes and kale grow in the highlands and wheat and tef (a millet-like grain native to Ethiopia) in the lower altitudes.
		Gurage houses are famous for their neatness and symmetry, circular structures held together without the use of nails, wooden spokes protruding from a center pole to support the thatched roof.
	www.carolynford.org /gurage/index.shtml (643 words)

	Silti Gurage
		Their language, part of Eastern Gurage, is the most important unifying element for the Silti Gurage.
		It’s possible the name Gurage was given by the Amhara—Ethiopia’s dominant people group—to all the languages spoken by the people on their southern periphery.
		In Amharic, Gurage means “area of the Gura.” Gura is another name for Harage, the traditional name for the area around the present-day city of Harer.
	archives.tconline.org /Stories/aug01/silti.html (1094 words)

	Major Languages - PanAfriL10n
		Language is the central consideration in localisation, and questions regarding choice of languages to localise in, choice of dialect when a language has more than one, and prioritization of languages when there will be work on several, are likely to confront any localisation effort.
		We began this list with the 85 languages in the Webbook in 2005 for the purpose getting the process started, and as a basis for discussion in considering what ICT has to offer for the larger number of African languages.
		A list of 159 "community languages" published in 1985 as part of a survey of use of African languages in literacy and education.
	www.panafril10n.org /wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/MajorLanguages (1274 words)

	Digital FSI Amharic Level 1 CD ROM Course (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Amharic is the official language of the Ethiopian Empire and used in government, in business, in all instruction in government schools, and in most newspapers.
		But Amharic is now the language of greatest prestige and anyone who has had any education is able to speak it, even if it is not his mother tongue.
		The purpose of this course is to teach the language as it is spoken in the capital of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa.
	ultimatelanguagestore.com /inc/sdetail/33990 (855 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Semitic, pt. 2
		You have reached the second page on Semitic Languages, which is just one part of the "Language Finger" homepage, which is an index by language to the holdings of the Mansfield Library of The University of Montana.
		updated 4-29-2003 Geez (Afro-Asiatic) is the literary language developed by missionaries for the translation of the scriptures after the Christianization of Ethiopia in the 4th century A.D. It is the official language of the Ethiopian Christian church, and is written with the Ethiopic alphabet.
		It was the language of the Ugaritic civilization in the ancient Near East.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/semite2h.htm (1306 words)

	Sembase
		Of these languages, four are especially important partially due to their relative antiquity, but also due to the fact that considerable knowledge of extensive vocabularies has come down to us in an unbroken tradition: Aramaic, Classical Hebrew, Geez and Classical Arabic.
		Attempts even to identify the language of a short inscription may depend on where it was found, and the style of the script, as much as the linguistic content, if the text does not happen to contain a clear identifying trait.
		In any case, the "age" of a language is not the same as the "age" of the traits that may have persisted in it.
	www.sembase.org (1900 words)

	Arabic language and history by ALS International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Arabic is the official language of Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Western Sahara, and Yemen as well as one of the six official languages of the United Nations.
		Semitic languages have a recorded history going back thousands of years—one of the most extensive continuous archives of documents belonging to any human language group.
		While the origins of the Semitic language family are currently in dispute among scholars, there is agreement that they flourished in the Mediterranean Basin area, especially in the Tigris-Euphrates river basin and in the coastal areas of the Levant.
	www.alsintl.com /languages/arabic.htm (891 words)

	Ethnologue: Ethiopia
		The Language Academy said it should be considered a separate speech variety.
		The former language was possibly Eastern Sudanic or an Awngi variety (Bender 1983), or Cushitic (Bender, Bowen, Cooper and Ferguson 1976:14).
		Yemsa is the primary language of the ethnic group.
	www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/Ethi.html (3875 words)

	Gurage - WikiLeasing.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A normal Gurage diet consists primarily of kocho, a thick bread made from ebsete, and is supplemented by cabbage, cheese, butter, and grains.
		Gurage males tend to develop a greater degree of anxiety over food ehich may be related to the fact that men depend on women for its preparation.
		Ensete is ised as a curative agent for relieving Gurage of adverse symptoms.
	www.wikileasing.com /21/Gurage.html (943 words)

	Language
		All Gurage languages including Soddo: 1,881,574 mother tongue speakers, 208,358 second language speakers, 2,290,274 in the ethnic group, 1,248,415 monolinguals (1998 census).
		Gurage, Kambaata, Hadiyya Region, between the Omo and Billate rivers, in and around Hosaina town.
		South of Lake Ciamo in the bend of the Sagan River.
	ethiopianculture.org /language.html (2831 words)

	South Semitic Languages
		South Semitic languages are a branch of the Semitic languages.
		The study of the South Semitic languages of Ethiopia, such as Amharic, Tigre, Tigrinya, Gurage, Harari gained momentum in the second half of the twentieth century.
		The South Semitic languages of Oman and Yemen that are still spoken today, generally known under the name "Modern South Arabian languages" have received relatively little attention.
	www.let.leidenuniv.nl /talengids/english/zuidsem.htm (1133 words)

	Gurage Research » Uncategorized
		I got the impression that the Chaha language is considered as a prestigious language among the Gurage people and may even serve as a kind of lingua franca in the Gurage area while reading various articles and books on the Gurage people and their languages.
		Although Ezha and Chaha are said to be two language varieties belonging to a single ‘dialect cluster’ my interviewees usually had an understanding of the differences between the two varieties.
		This blog replaces the old Gurage research listserv originally started by Ronny Meyer at Mainz University and then relaunched at UC San Diego in 2003.
	camba.ucsd.edu /gurage/index.php/category/uncategorized (628 words)

	The Qabena and the Wolane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Despite the fact that the Gurage region is easily accessible and not far away from Addis Ababa, relatively little is known about its peoples, their languages and the exact geographical boundaries of where they live
		Linguistically, Wolane is one language or language variety belonging to the East Gurage group, which is a sub-branch inside Transversal South Ethiopic.
		The last of all fourteen Gärad was the famous Hassan Injamo who re-established a strong Islamic faith in the Gurage region and then called for a Jihad against Menelik II to protect the area from Menelik’s conquest.
	www.cfee-fces.org /code/cra_mey.htm (2090 words)

	Wikinfo \| Semitic languages
		The most common Semitic languages spoken today are Arabic, Amharic, Hebrew, and Tigrinya.
		These languages all exhibit a pattern of words consisting of triconsonantal roots, with vowel changes, prefixes, and suffixes used to inflect them.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Semitic_languages (161 words)

	Semitic_languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		the official language of an empire stretching from Spain to Central Asia.
		A number of Gurage languages are to be found in the mountainous center-south of Ethiopia, whi le Harari is restricted to the city of Harar.
		modern literary (non-native) language used in formal media and written communication throughout the Arab World, differing from Classical Arabic mainly in numerous neologisms for concepts not found in medieval times, as well as in occasional calques on idioms from Western languages.
	en.filepoint.de /info/Semitic_languages (2348 words)

	amharic language translation, language of ethiopia, semitic language, Amharic የአማርኛ ...
		Amharic (አማርኛ;) is a Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia.
		It is also the official or working language of several of the states within the federal system, including Amhara and the multi-ethnic Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples region.
		Outside Ethiopia, Amharic is the language of some 2.7 million emigrants (notably in Egypt, Israel and Sweden), and is spoken in Eritrea by Eritrean deportees from Ethiopia.
	www.ethiotrans.com /amharic2.htm (898 words)

	Semitic languages (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Semitic languages are the northeastern subfamily of the Afro-Asiatic languages, and the only family of this group spoken in Asia.
		The term "Semitic" for these languages is etymologically a misnomer in some ways (see Semitic), but is the standard term in linguistics.
		Amorite language -- extinct (attested only from proper names transcribed in Akkadian; may effectively be the parent language of Northwest Semitic, or even predate the split of Central Semitic.)
	semitic-languages.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (327 words)

	PanAfrLoc \| PanAfrLoc / Gurage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The term encompasses a cluster of languages belonging to the south Ethiopic group of Semitic.
		There are at least three distinct Gurage languages, possibly as many as twelve (Leslau 1980).
		Gurage has traditionally been divided into Central West Gurage (Chaha et al.); East Gurage (Sil'ti et al.), North Gurage, and others (Misqan, Peripheral West Gurage).
	www.bisharat.net /wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Gurage (211 words)

	HRELP - David Appleyard
		David Appleyard's research interests cover a range of languages of the Djibouti-Eritrea-Ethiopia-Somalia region and focus primarily on the Semitic and Cushitic languages of the area.
		From the Semitic languages of the region, he has worked on Amharic, but also on minor languages such as Argobba and Harari, which are facing extinction.
		Modern Aramaic, Modern South Arabian, and the so-called "Gurage" languages of Ethiopia) are both in the short and the long term under threat, as are some of minor Cushitic and Berber languages.
	www.hrelp.org /aboutus/staff/index.php?cd=appleyard (340 words)

	E-S languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Here's a map of where Ethio-Semitic languages are spoken.
		Argobba -endangered language, spoken in a few scattered regions in Ankober north of Addis Ababa.
		Gurage - a group of languages spoken south-west of Addis Ababa.
	ling.ucsd.edu /~rose/E-S_languages.html (157 words)

	African Languages by Countries :: Official and national Languages of Africa
		Native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population.
		Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread).
		Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama.
	www.nationsonline.org /oneworld/african_languages.htm (583 words)

	Gurage background
		They speak a collection of Semitic languages and dialects, collectively known as Gurage, but divided into at least three subgroups known as Northern, Eastern and Western Gurage.
		The Gurage group are the southernmost Semitic languages, and present a complex array of linguistic features and dialectal variation.
		The Gurage are known for their extensive cultivation of the ensete ventricosum or false banana plant, known as asat, although this is a practice they share with other southern and southwestern Ethiopians.
	ling.ucsd.edu /~rose/GSRG/gurage_background.htm (185 words)

	Welcome to the Network of Ethiopian Muslims in Europe
		Despite the fact that the Gurage region is easily accessible and not far away from Addis Ababa, relatively little is known about its peoples, their languages and the exact geographical boundaries of where they live(1).
		It is said that Zänabänär is a Gurage word which means: ”We sowed and without eating we left”.
		It is financed by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) and deals with cultural and language contact in Northeast Africa and West Asia (Sonderforschungsbereich 295 Kulturelle und sprachliche Kontakte: Prozesse des Wandels in historischen Spannungsfeldern Nordostafrikas/Westasiens).
	www.ethiopianmuslims.net /Islam_in_Ethiopia/Qabena_Wolene_01.htm (2308 words)

	Moment Deutsche Bank - Karin Sander - gurage
		He tours in the offices in his embassy, playing the role of a professional language collector.
		He found four languages, including gurage, also known as guraginga.
		Firekineot, another member of the embassy staff, will be appearing in the New York Times in October.
	www.moment-art.com /e/sander/show_language.php3?lang_id=gurage (68 words)

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