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	Gusev Crater location on Mars
		Gusev crater is near the middle of this view of Mars.
		Gusev Crater is an impact crater on Mars that looks as though a lake may have once filled it in the distant past.
		Gusev Crater is about 145 km (90 miles) wide and covers an area roughly the size of the state of Connecticut.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /cgi-bin/tour_def/mars/places/gusev_crater.html (408 words)

	Gusev crater - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gusev Crater is a crater on the planet Mars and is located at 175.4°E 14.6°S. The crater is about 170 kilometers in diameter and formed approximately three to four billion years ago.
		The crater appears to be an old crater lake bed, filled with sediments up to 3000 feet thick.
		It is hoped that the numerous smaller and more recent craters in this region will have exposed sedimentary material from early eras, although the region has so far proved disappointing in its lack of available bedrock for study.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gusev_crater (458 words)

	Gusev Crater
		Gusev Crater appears to have been formed by the impact of an asteroid some three to four billion years ago.
		Inside the crater, researchers expect to find sediments, which may be nearly 3,000 feet thick, that have subsequently been overlaid by dust and sand.
		For example, if Gusev did indeed once hold a giant lake (more than 10 times the size of the famous Crater Lake in the United States) certain key minerals are likely to be found in its rocks.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/G/Gusev_Crater.html (454 words)

	PSR Discoveries: Hot Idea: Gusev crater on Mars
		Younger, smaller impact craters on the southern and northern rims of Gusev opened the pathway for water from Ma'adim Vallis.
		Smooth and bright surface at the junction of Ma'adim Vallis and the southern rim of Gusev crater, interpreted to be windblown material.
		Gusev crater is intriguing because of its long history as a depositional site for water and sediments from Ma'adim Vallis.
	www.psrd.hawaii.edu /Sept98/GusevMars.html (1117 words)

	Mars Odyssey Mission THEMIS: Feature Image: Gusev Crater
		The crater was formed by the impact of an asteroid some 3.5 to 4 billion years ago.
		Numerous almost-buried craters observed on Gusev's floor lend support to the idea that the Columbia Hills are the remains of an ancient impact crater rim, or possibly a central peak.
		The hills partly parallel the rim of Thira crater, 9 miles (15 km) to the northeast.
	themis.asu.edu /feature_gusev (481 words)

	Mars Global Surveyor MOC2-58 Gusev Crater Release
		Ma'adim Vallis is the canyon that enters Gusev Crater at the lower center of the frame.
		Located in the martian southern cratered highlands at 14.7° S, 184.5° W, Gusev Crater is a large, ancient, meteor impact basin that--after it formed--was breached by Ma'adim Vallis.
		The possibility that water flowed into Gusev Crater and formed a lake has led to the suggestion that the materials seen on the floor of this crater--smooth-surfaced deposits, buried craters, and huge mesas near the mouth of Ma'adim Vallis--are composed of sediment that eroded out of the highlands to the south of Gusev Crater.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /mgs/msss/camera/images/7_17_98_gusev_rel (1004 words)

	Lakeside Landing :: Astrobiology Magazine ::
		Gusev Crater is almost exactly halfway around the red planet from Meridiani Planum.
		Gusev is a large crater basin, some 170 kilometers (105 miles) across.
		Although Meridiani Planum and Gusev Crater are the clear landing-site favorites within the scientific community, the final decision on where the MER missions will land has not yet been made.
	www.astrobio.net /news/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=405 (1202 words)

	Universe Today - An Advocate for Gusev Crater
		Gusev may hold an ancient lakebed; Spirit is seeking evidence of water on Mars.
		Gusev is known to be dusty, but we landed where most of the dust has been removed in places by winds and dust devils.
		Gusev may be an ancient lakebed, and Spirit's onboard scientific instrument package provides the virtual tools to Earth-bound geologists to look for evidence of sediments and water in the past.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/printer_advocate_gusev_crater.html (962 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Destination Mars \| Spirit headed to Gusev
		Gusev sits at 15 degrees latitude south of Mars' equator at longitude 184.7 degrees west, in a transition zone between the ancient highlands on the southern part of the planet and smoother plains to the north.
		But the floor of Gusev Crater may hold water-laid sediments that preserve records of the lake environment, of the sediments' highlands origins and of the sediments' river trip.
		Gusev Crater was named in 1976 for Russian astronomer Matvei Gusev, who lived from 1826 to 1866.
	spaceflightnow.com /mars/mera/031231gusev.html (1761 words)

	Mars rover photos, videos, geology on the surface of Mars
		Eridania Basin, Ma'adim Vallis, Gusev Crater, Apollinaris Patera.
		Ma'adim continues northward to Gusev Crater for 920km at an average grade 0.7 degrees and maintains a consistent width of 5km throughout its length.
		Upon entering the southern margin of Gusev Crater, the force and volume of the water from the catastrophic flood was sufficient enough to not only reach the northern rim 160km away, but also to breach it (1).
	www.marsgeo.com /Spirit/Sequence.htm (1900 words)

	Where on Earth is That? :: Mars Astrobiology Magazine :: Search for Life on Mars
		Another betting pool that could be constructed is to interpret the features seen so far, in particular whether the impact crater at Gusev has been formed by which element: fire (volcanism), water, wind or earth (impacts or soil).
		Counting craters can be like counting tree-rings, particularly since most of the weathering effects on Earth (other than wind) are not reshaping or filling in the craters as they age.
		The Barringer crater in Arizona is a perfect example of a simple crater, a straightforward bowl in the ground.
	mars.astrobio.net /news/article206.html (1783 words)

	Wind-related features in Gusev crater, Mars
		Gusev crater has a complex history beginning with its formation by an impact in the Noachian Period and subsequent evolution, including erosion and deposition associated with Ma'adim Vallis, which cut through Gusev crater from the south.
		On an intermediate-scale, bright wind streaks correlate with nighttime winds that flow into the crater from the rim and outlying high areas; these streaks are interpreted to be deposits of dust settled from the atmosphere during times of positive atmospheric static stability.
		Because Gusev is a prime candidate landing site for landers, including the Mars Exploration Rovers, understanding the interplay of the atmosphere and the surface (including the erosion and deposition of windblown particles) is important in assessments of the science potential for these missions.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2002JE002006.shtml (533 words)

	MER Spirit landing site - Gusev Crater
		Gusev Crater formed by the impact of an asteroid three to four billion years ago.
		If that is true, the rocks and soil in Gusev Crater should show signs that water was once there.
		Gusev Crater is about 145 km (90 miles) wide.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/space_missions/mars/mars_exploration_rover/gusev_crater.html (346 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: Gusev Crater (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The image was taken by the HRSC instrument in colour and 3D on 16 January 2004 from a height of 320 km.
		Gusev is a large crater about 160 km in diameter.
		Scientists believe that the crater was covered by standing water, maybe in the form of a lake, early in the history of Mars.
	sci.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=34531 (114 words)

	Destination: Gusev Crater
		On January 3, 2004, NASA's Mars rover Spirit is scheduled to land in a strange crater that might be an ancient martian lake bed.
		The site is Gusev Crater, a 90-mile wide hole in the ground that probably formed three to four billion years ago when an asteroid crashed just south of Mars’ equator.
		For example, if indeed Gusev once held a giant lake (more than 10 times the size of the famous Crater Lake here in the US) certain key minerals are likely to be found in its rocks.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2003/30dec_gusevcrater.htm (894 words)

	StarDate Online \| Mars Rovers (2004) Images and Updates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Spirit landed inside Gusev crater, a possible ancient lakebed, while Opportunity alit in Meridiani Planum, a region rich in a mineral that requires water for its formation.
		Deposits of dust are visible on the crater floor, and mountains ring the crater in the distance.
		The crater walls show exposed rock beds that may be similar to those in the crater in which Opportunity landed, and which showed evidence of past water on Mars.
	stardate.org /resources/gallery/mars (1716 words)

	NOVA \| Mars \| Mars Up Close (non-Flash) \| PBS
		Gusev we picked because it's a big hole in the ground with a dried-up riverbed flowing into it.
		With time, we came to realize that what we had hoped to find at Gusev Crater was going to be a bit more elusive than we had originally realized.
		When you look at these spherical objects deeper down in the crater, you get a sense that many of them are conventional blueberries (if you could use such a phrase), similar to the ones that we see up the slope.
	www.pbs.org /search/redir/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/mars/upcl-nf.html (2433 words)

	Space Explorers, Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gusev crater is an old feature that was formed by an impact from either an asteroid or comet.
		Water may have flowed into the the crater, forming a lake, from the channel at the south end of the crater.
		If liquid water was present at Gusev in the distant past, it would have survived the longest period of time in this deep region.
	www.space-explorers.com /internal/marscontest/student-tutorial7.html (91 words)

	Mars Odyssey: Multimedia
		This mosaic of daytime infrared images of Gusev Crater, taken by the camera system on the Mars Odyssey spacecraft, has been draped over topography data obtained by Mars Global Surveyor.
		The temperature differences in these daytime images are due primarily to lighting effects, where sunlit slopes are warm (bright) and shadowed slopes are cool (dark).
		Gusev crater is a potential landing site for the Mars Exploration Rovers.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /odyssey/gallery/craters/PIA04260.html (204 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover Mission: Press Release Images: Spirit
		The rocks are believed to be basaltic, or volcanic, in composition because their color and spectral properties resemble those of basaltic rocks studied so far at Gusev Crater.
		Scientists hope to use these presumably unaltered rocks as a geologic standard for comparison to altered rocks in the area, such as "Clovis." This image was taken by the 750-, 530- and 430-nanometer filters of rover's panoramic camera on sol 220 (Aug. 15, 2004).
		Scientists hope to use these presumably unaltered rocks as a geologic standard for comparison to altered rocks in the area, such as "Clovis." This image was taken with the panoramic camera's 600-, 530-, and 480-nanometer filters on sol 220 (Aug. 15, 2004).
	marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov /gallery/press/spirit/20040818a.html (856 words)

	JPL News -- Volcanic Rock in Mars' Gusev Crater Hints at Past Water
		NASA's Spirit has found hints of a water history in a rock at Mars' Gusev Crater, but it is a very different type of rock than those in which NASA's Opportunity found clues to a wet past on the opposite side of the planet.
		Spirit is headed toward a crater nicknamed "Bonneville," about 150 meters (500 feet) in diameter, where scientists hope to see rocks from beneath the region's surface volcanic layer.
		From partway up the inner slope of that 22-meter-diameter (72-foot-diameter) crater, the rover has an improved view of a crater nicknamed "Endurance," about 10 times as big and about 700 meters (2,300 feet) to the east.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /releases/2004/79.cfm (844 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover Mission: Press Release Images: Spirit
		Spirit is looking to the southeast, and through the martian haze has captured the rim of Gusev crater approximately 80 kilometers (49.7 miles) away on the horizon.
		The right side of this image reveals the portion of the crater edge that descends into the mouth of Ma'adim Vallis, a channel that opens into Gusev crater.
		This image is similar to a panoramic camera image taken on sol 68, but Gusev's ridge is more visible here because the atmospheric dust caused by winter dust storms has settled.
	marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov /gallery/press/spirit/20040407a.html (261 words)

	Spirit
		Spirit, a robotic explorer, landed in Gusev Crater on January 3, 2004.
		Gusev Crater may be an ancient lakebed, although there is no liquid water present there now.
		At right is a Viking 1 image of Gusev crater with the landing ellipse marked.
	mola.gsfc.nasa.gov /spirit.html (96 words)

	Gusev Crater is proving elusive to Mars scientists - Unexplained Mysteries Discussion Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		If Gusev Crater near Mars' equator has a wet history, it will be tough to prove.
		Spirit's little corner of Gusev Crater looks like an abandoned windswept construction site, beaten up by lava or meteors in some places, more pristine in others.
		The 95-mile-wide crater is thought to have been formed by a meteoroid impact around 5 billion years ago, though that's just an educated guess.
	www.unexplained-mysteries.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=10887 (376 words)

	Space Today Online - Exploring the Red Planet - 2003 Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity
		Back on January, 4 2004, Spirit landed in the rocky, 90-mile-wide Gusev Crater south of the Martian equator on the far side of the planet from the plain where the rover Opportunity would land three weeks later on January 25.
		One reason for their survival is the presence of recurring whirlwinds that pass by from time to time and blow off the dust that builds up on their electricity-generating solar panels.
		Today, Spirit has left Bonneville Crater behind and is trekking southeast across the plain toward Columbia Hills, a range of peaks which seem to be an island of older rock atop a surrounding layer of younger volcanic surface material.
	www.spacetoday.org /SolSys/Mars/MarsExploration/MarsSurveyor2003.html (6531 words)

	Gusev Crater super-resolution results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gusev Crater was mapped at high resolution by the Viking Orbiter.
		As you can see here, some sites within the crater were covered by up to four images.
		According to Nathalie Cabrol, this impact may have happened while Gusev was a lake, and caused its sudden drainage.
	ic-www.arc.nasa.gov /projects/bayes-group/Atlas/Mars/special/Gusev/super-res.html (229 words)

	ESRI Map Book Gallery Volume 19: Cartography - Landing Site Maps for the Mars Exploration Rovers
		For scale, the small crater east of the landing site is 20 kilometers in diameter.
		Color-shaded relief showing Gustev crater and the large channel Ma'adim Vallis flowing into it from the south.
		For scale, Gustev crater is approximately 150 kilometers wide from rim to rim.
	www.esri.com /mapmuseum/mapbook_gallery/volume19/cartography7.html (188 words)

	JPL.NASA.GOV: Mars Exploration Rovers
		This approximate true-color image taken by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit shows a rock outcrop dubbed "Longhorn," and behind it, the sweeping plains of Gusev Crater.
		On the horizon, the rim of Gusev Crater is clearly visible.
		The image consists of four frames taken by the 750-, 530- and 430-nanometer filters of Spirit's panoramic camera on sol 210 (August 5, 2004).
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /missions/mer/images.cfm?id=778 (72 words)

	THEMIS characterization of the MER Gusev crater landing site
		Gusev crater, previously interpreted as the depocenter for the Gusev-Ma'adim Vallis fluvio-lacustrine system, is a proposed landing site for one of the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER).
		Seven surface units were identified in Gusev, mostly Hesperian in age, but with two showing evidence of later modification and redistribution.
		However, a MER landing in Gusev may provide the opportunity to analyze multiple units, distinguish rock types, examine stratigraphic relationships, and shed light on the ancient depositional environment.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2002JE002023.shtml (461 words)

	The Space Review: The search for water: picking landing sites for NASA's Mars rovers (page 3)
		Gusev is a large crater basin, some 170 kilometers across.
		The prevailing scientific theory is that Gusev Crater contains sediment washed down Ma’adim Vallis from the highlands to the south nearly four billion years ago.
		But, she concedes, if MER were to confirm one of these hypotheses, the discovery would be of great scientific value—and spark an intense round of new discussion.
	www.thespacereview.com /article/14/3 (1080 words)

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