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Topic: Gush Emunim

	Gush Emunim - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Gush Emunim was closely associated with, and highly influential in, the Mafdal - National Religious Party (NRP), the party which is identified with religious Zionism.
		Gush Emunim beliefs are based heavily on the teachings of Rabbi Abraham Kook and his son, Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda Kook.
		Gush Emunim supporters believe that the coming of the messiah can be hastened through Jewish settlement on land they believe God has alloted to the Jewish people as outlined in the Hebrew Bible.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Gush_Emunim (470 words)

	Gush Emunim - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Gush Emunim was closely associated with, and highly influential in, the Mafdal - National Religious Party (NRP), the party which is identified with religious Zionism.
		Gush Emunim beliefs are based heavily on the teachings of Rabbi Abraham Kook and his son, Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda Kook.
		Gush Emunim supporters believe that the coming of the messiah can be hastened through Jewish settlement on land they believe God has alloted to the Jewish people as outlined in the Hebrew Bible.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gush_Emunim (458 words)

	(DV) Gordon: The Militarist and Messianic Ideologies
		Gush Emunim provided the cadres for new Jewish settlements and Sharon provided both the military justification, and, at various points in his career, the authority to seize lands owned by the occupied Palestinians.
		Gush Emunim's ability to secularize and militarize its messianic aspirations is in many respects the secret behind its success in changing the Israeli collective consciousness and in attaining both cultural and political hegemony.
		Speaking at Ben-Gurion University in the spring of 2004, Eliakim Haetzni, one of Gush Emunim's founders, told a room full of professors that the movement's settlement enterprise was on the verge of destruction.
	www.dissidentvoice.org /July2004/Gordon0712.htm (3090 words)

	Gush Emunim: Between Fundamentalism and Pragmatism by David Newman
		However, it is not clear to what extent Gush Emunim, as a movement operating within, and manipulating the existing political system, may be compared to fundamentalist movements within Islam, or for that matter within any other religious environment.
		The Gush Emunim leadership is probably aware of the fact that there is a wide gulf between an emotional identification with any movement and one that demands formal membership, in turn often requiring the cancellation of membership in other organizations and political affiliations.
		It may even be argued that the Gush prefer to have a Labor government in power against whom they can fully vent their spleen--through demonstrations, establishing illegal settlements and generally raising the public consciousness, actions from which they were considerably daunted while a government favorable to them was in power.
	members.tripod.com /alabasters_archive/gush_pragmatism.html (4629 words)

	The Holocaust, the Faithful and Disengagement
		Gush Emunim, 'the bloc of the faithful,' seeks to topple Sharon.
		But the alliance with Gush Emunim is gone forever; if part of the Likud remains with the settlers on the question of disengagement, the Likud will split.
		I have singled out Gush Emunim because of the danger it poses, but let me close by noting that the post-Auschwitz attempt to rediscover God's work in the birth of Israel is extremely widespread.
	www.challenge-mag.com /88/Langfur.htm (3072 words)

	Gush Emunim: The Tip of the Iceberg by Ehud Sprinzak
		GUSH EMUNIM has been a source of controversy in Israel ever since its founding; however, both its supporters and its opponents take it to be a serious phenomenon and there is no disputing the fact that it is the most dynamic movement in the country today.
		Gush Emunim ostensibly proved that it had succeeded in overcoming the psychological barrier of cooperation between the religious and secular camps, and in particular that it had received support for its extra-parliamentary mode of action from an elite group within the Labor movement.
		Gush Emunim as a movement arose on the crest of the new wave.
	www.geocities.com /alabasters_archive/gush_iceberg.html (8650 words)

	For The Land and The Lord: Chapter 3
		Gush Emunim's establishment is not inappropriately viewed as the religious expression of a wave of intense and pervasive discontent that swept Israel after "the earthquake"-the popular epithet adopted to refer to the Yom Kippur War.
		It appears that Gush Emunim, even in the absence of orderly and coordinated activities, is seen in the eyes of the public as gigantic, well-organized, and ideologically influential.
		Though Gush Emunim has formed its ideological and organizational core, several of the groups and many of the individuals who have played a prominent role in the advancement of fundamentalist objectives cannot be identified as belonging to Gush Emunim per se.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /penncip/lustick/lustick13.html (10747 words)

	The Holocaust, the Faithful and Disengagement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Gush Emunim, 'the bloc of the faithful,' seeks to topple Sharon.
		But the alliance with Gush Emunim is gone forever; if part of the Likud remains with the settlers on the question of disengagement, the Likud will split.
		I have singled out Gush Emunim because of the danger it poses, but let me close by noting that the post-Auschwitz attempt to rediscover God's work in the birth of Israel is extremely widespread.
	www.hanitzotz.com /challenge/88/Langfur.htm (3072 words)

	Gush Emunim, Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The impact of Gush Emunim: politics and settlement in the West Bank.
		Gush Emunim: the politics of Zionist fundamentalism in Israel.
		ARONOFF, Myron J. "Gush Emunim: The Institutionalization of a Charismatic, Messianic, Religious-Political Revitalization Movement in Israel." in: ARONOFF, Myron J. [ed.].
	users.skynet.be /terrorism/html/israel_gushemunim.htm (1100 words)

	Fundamentalism, Terrorism, and Democracy: The Case of the Gush Emunim Underground by Ehud Sprinzak
		It showed that some prominent members of Gush Emunim, who started their careers as peaceful, idealistic settlers, had become extremely millenarian, radicalized to the point of considering catastrophe a means of achieving national and religious redemption.
		The messianic enthusiasm of Gush Emunim, and the conviction of the spiritual heads of the movement that redemption was at hand, greatly shaped the operative ideology of the movement.
		The Gush Emunim settlers rejoiced at his resignation and were thrilled with the eventual appointment of Arik Sharon, their most reliable patron, to the post after Begin held it himself for a period.
	www.geocities.com /alabasters_archive/gush_underground.html (15913 words)

	MIFTAH.ORG--Holy Land, Holy Power An American Approach to Religious Nationalism in Israel-Palestine
		While both Gush Emunim and Hamas may be understood as sects, their fundamental retooling of some basic tenets of their originating faith traditions, paired with their shared characteristic of developing, syncretic theopolitical ideologies seems to take both of them beyond that category, Hamas more so than Gush Emunim.
		Gush Emunim is quite at odds with the socialist foundations of Zionist thought and the early practices of settlement in Palestine.
		Gush Emunim and Israeli Political Culture Israeli culture did not react with protracted outrage to the dramatic conspiracy, nurtured by several Gush Emunim activists, to destroy the Dome of the Rock and perhaps confirm suspicions that Jerusalem will be epicenter of World War III.
	www.miftah.org /PrinterF.cfm?DocId=4595 (7432 words)

	Gush Etzion Revisited
		Shalom Achshav and Gush Emunim are the two ideological movements which have the greatest impact on Israeli youth.
		Both groups will be asked to read the history of Gush Etzion and decide whether it should be included in the territories to be returned to the Palestinians, and to justify their reply by means of historical, political and ideological arguments as appropriate to their position.
		Although it is true that some members of Gush Etzion identify with Gush Emunim, there is no way that the two can be equated, since the re-establishment of Gush Etzion in 1967 resulted from a national consensus, which to this day is still far wider than that on certain settlements established by Gush Emunim members.
	www.jafi.org.il /education/FESTIVLS/zkatz/atz/etzion7.html (507 words)

	Gush Emunim: The Twilight of Zionism? (by Ellen Cantarow) - Media Monitors Network
		In the kitchen 32-year-old Hannah, very pregnant, has been alternating talk about Gush Emunim, Israel’s New Right, the center of her life for the past twelve years, with visits from neighbors who come to borrow food and ask advice.
		Last spring Gush Emunim (pronounced goosh aymooneem, the "block of the faithful") set up a trailer camp they called Elon Moreh on a boulder-strewn hilltop near Nablus, due north of Jerusalem on the West Bank.
		He was in other important Gush "squats." In the words of the Mapam member who wrote her letter to The Jerusalem Post, Menachem is a man for whom ideas mean action.
	www.mediamonitors.net /cantarow1.html (5182 words)

	Die Israelische Siedlungspolitik - Die Siedlerbewegung
		Gush Emunim war und ist die tonangebende Siedlerbewegung in den besetzten Gebieten und war gerade in der Anfangsphase entscheidend für den Erfolg der Besiedlung.
		Der Erfolg von Gush Emunim läßt sich auf seine Multidimensionalität zurückführen, denn neben ihrer Funktion als Siedlungsorganisation ist sie zugleich eine religiöse Erweckungsbewegung, eine zionistische Gemeinschaft, eine Interessensgruppe und übt mittlerweile Verwaltungsfunktionen in der Westbank aus.
		Ihre Rabbis sind überwiegend fundamentalistisch eingestellt und bilden den radikalen Flügel von Gush Emunim, der das Bild der Siedler in der Öffentlichkeit weitgehend prägt.
	www.bornpower.de /israel/siedler.htm (466 words)

	Israel - Gush Emunim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Gush Emunim (Bloc of the Faithful), a right-wing ultranationalist, religio-political revitalization movement, was formed in March 1974 in the aftermath of the October 1973 War.
		Official links between Gush Emunim and the Youth Faction of the National Religious Party were severed following the NRP's participation in the June 1974 Labor-led coalition government, but close unofficial links between the two groups continued.
		The Likud regime gave Gush Emunim the active support of government departments, the army, and the WZO, which recognized it as an official settlement movement and allocated it considerable funds for settlement activities.
	countrystudies.us /israel/102.htm (344 words)

	Sharon builds settlements and a coalition
		And one of the main reasons that Gush Emunim was so successful over the long term was because they had a very good friend inside the government in Ariel Sharon.
		As much as Gush Emunim owed their success to Sharon, he was never really one of them.
		Gush Emunim, and many other pro-settlement groups were motivated by a religious nationalism.
	www.jewishvoiceforpeace.org /publish/article_250.shtml (466 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - Ideas & Belief: Settling All the Land
		The roots of the Gush Emunim philosophy are found in the writings of Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook and the later interpretations of his son, Rabbi Tzvi Yehudah Kook.
		In his 1978 book, The Zionist Revolution, he interpreted Zionism according to the Gush Emunim worldview, stating that the covenant between the Jews and God behooved the Jewish people to act in the interests of the Land of Israel and exercise their right to settle and control it.
		The Gush Emunim outlook became normative in most national religious circles, although many moderate Orthodox rabbis, educators, and leaders were vocal in their opposition to the movement.
	www.myjewishlearning.com /ideas_belief/LandIsrael/modern_landisrael/ReligiousZionism/GushEmunim.htm (1316 words)

	Hot Button Issues
		The Gush Emunim settlements were presented as a project of hope, intended to uplift the gloomy spirit that gripped the country after the shattering 1973 war.
		Behind the Gush Emunim was a religious vision based on the teachings of Rabbi Cook, the Chief Rabbi of Israel between the 1920s and 1940s, as interpreted by his son Zvi Yehuda Cook, who became the spiritual mentor of Gush Emunim.
		Messianic vision certainly inspired Gush Emunim in its early days; and in talking recently to a young couple in a Gush settlement, I heard an echo of this when they told me that they are acting according to a divine plan.
	www.vopj.org /issues8.htm (5006 words)

	Gush Emunim definition - Zionism and Israel -Encyclopedia / Dictionary/Lexicon of Zionism/Israel/
		Details - Gush Emunim (Bloc of the Faithful), a right-wing ultranationalist, religio-political revitalization movement, was formed in March 1974 in the aftermath of the October 1973 War.
		Official links between Gush Emunim and the Youth Faction of the National Religious Party were severed following the NRP's participation in the June 1974 Labor-led coalition government, but close unofficial links between the two groups continued.
		The Likud regime gave Gush Emunim the active support of government departments, the army, and the WZO, which recognized it as an official settlement movement and allocated it considerable funds for settlement activities.
	www.zionism-israel.com /dic/Gush_Emunim.htm (756 words)

	H-Net Review: Dov Waxman on The Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin
		Whilst the leadership of a group such as Gush Emunim may indeed engage in such rational strategizing, they are often constrained in their decisions by their constituents who may be driven more by emotions such as fear, hatred, and the desire for vengeance than by hard-headed political assessments.
		When government officials were not sufficiently responsive to Gush Emunim's demands, however, the leaders of the movement operated against the government, increasing their protest activities (such as demonstrations, rallies, hunger strikes, clashes with police, and establishment of illegal settlements) (pp.
		The indulgent attitude of the authorities toward violence perpetrated by Gush Emunim settlers in the territories served to encourage further violence both by Jewish settlers and Palestinians in the territories.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=317191078584063 (5277 words)

	Middle East Report Online: The Militarist and Messianic Ideologies, by Neve Gordon
		While secular Zionism conceived the return of Jews to Palestine in standard Western nationalist terms, Gush Emunim's founders claimed that the heart of Zionism lies in following the religious duty to settle the land.
		Early on, though, the movement's leaders realized that a messianic ideology, on its own, would not be enough to accomplish cultural and political hegemony in Israel, and that Gush Emunim would have to transform the collective Israeli consciousness if the movement were to realize its political objective of gaining control over Greater Israel.
		For 30 years, Gush Emunim (which eventually was institutionalized and transformed into the Yesha Council, Yesha being the Hebrew acronym for Judea, Samaria and the Gaza Strip) and Ariel Sharon were bedfellows.
	www.merip.org /mero/mero070804.html (3125 words)

	CESNUR 2004 - HOLY LAND, HOLY POWER: An American Approach to Religious Nationalism in Israel/Palestine , by Robert O. ...
		While continuing the legacy of rapprochement between the religious and secular components of Israeli society established by Kook the Elder, the mystical-messianic theopolitical ideology espoused by Gush Emunim is not plagued with ambiguity regarding the tangible vision of Zionism.
		Whatever the ultimate causes of why Hamas and Gush Emunim have chosen to utilize violence in their respective movements, the means they have chosen have been markedly different.
		Gush Emunim is quite at odds with the socialist foundations of Zionist thought and the early practices of settlement in Palestine.
	www.cesnur.org /2004/waco_smith.htm (8395 words)

	Appendices to interview with Issa Samander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Gush Emunim’s master plan for West Bank settlement was adopted (with very minor amendments) by the Likud government of the late 70s, but the Labour Party had informally approved of the plan even before the Likud (in 1976).
		In the current context, Gush Emunim settlers and settlement leaders are leading the militarisation of the settlement programme; they have been encouraged and trained by the military to set up a series of armed militias which enforce expanded areas of exclusion upon the Palestinian population in the vicinity of their settlements and bypass roads.
		This tight level of enforced exclusion, and not the actual number of housing starts or land expropriations is the real measure of the movements impact on the Palestinian population and should be the real point of reference in advocacy aimed at ending Western complicity in furthering the illegal settlement programme.
	members.freespeech.org /womenspeacepalestine/appendices.htm (1524 words)

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