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Topic: Gustav II Adolf

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	Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gustav Adolf was married to the daughter of the elector of Brandenburg-Prussia, Maria Eleonora and chose Prussia's city of Elbing as base for his operations in Germany.
		Gars is derived from the initials of "Gustavus Adolphus Rex Sueciae", Latin for "Gustav Adolf King of Sweden".
		Gustav attacks the stronghold of Alte Feste, which is under the command of Wallenstein, but is repulsed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gustav_II_Adolph_of_Sweden (833 words)

	Gustav II Adolph of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		Gustav II Adolph, also known under the Latin name Gustavus Adolphus or the Swedish form Gustav II Adolf, was a King of Sweden.
		As a general, Gustav is famous for employing mobile artillery on the battlefield, as well as a very active tactic where attack was stressed over defense and mobility more important than in the usual linear tactic.
		Gustav was killed in the renowned Battle of Lützen where he was misled by dense fog and poor eyesight to charge into an enemy formation.
	1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/g/gu/gustav_ii_adolph_of_sweden.html (676 words)

	Gustav I Of Sweden Information - Articles Free (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		Gustav Vasa was an enigmatic person who has been referred to as both a liberator of the country and as a tyrannic ruler, which has made him the subject of many books.
		Gustav's family descended from Birgitta Gustafsdotter Sture, the sister of childless Regent Sten Sture the Elder who had died in 1503 when Gustav was a baby.
		Gustav Vasa's father Erik Johansson (Vasa) was involved in the party of Sten Sture the Younger fighting against the Danes in the early 16th century.
	www.articlesfree.com /index.php?title=Gustav_I_of_Sweden (1557 words)

	Talk:Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		We could keep Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden (which is already weird, with the "v" ending Gustav and the "f" ending Adolf) and move this one to Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden.
		Gustav II Adolf of Sweden has also been demonstrated to be much more common than Gustav II Adolph of Sweden.
		I didn't mean to electioneer for the Gustav II Adolf of Sweden alternative, merely to endorse your own suggestion that it be included in the vote.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden (11440 words)

	Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		Gustavus Adolphus is the Latin name form of Swedish king Gustav II Adolph or Gustav II Adolf in Swedish.
		Gustav's armour is currently on display in Livrustkammaren[?] in the Swedish royal palace.
		Gustav Adolph and Maria Eleonora's daughter Christina of Sweden took over the government upon her father's death.
	openproxy.ath.cx /gu/Gustavus_Adolphus.html (655 words)

	7.3 History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		Gustav II Adolf is killed in the battle of Lützen.
		Gustav's daughter Christina becomes queen; as she is still under age until 1644 the country is led by Sweden's perhaps most famous statesman Axel Oxenstierna.
		Gustav's rule is authoritarian and freedom of speech is limited, but in the spirit of "enlightened autocracy" he pushes through many important reforms that the estates had been unable to decide on during the Age of Freedom.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/nordic-faq/part7_SWEDEN/section-2.html (6672 words)

	SWEDEN.SE - Queen Christina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		In 1649, Karl Gustav was declared successor to the throne, and in 1650, he was given the title "hereditary prince of the realm" on the occasion of Christina's coronation.
		Karl Gustav himself believed that the queen's intention was that of assigning him a politically inconsequential role as heir to the Swedish realm, and was therefore reluctant to accept his title.
		He experienced a personal sense of triumph that the daughter of Gustav II Adolf, the "champion of Protestantism", should have converted to the Catholic faith, and it now became a particular point of pride that she should be received in Rome in the first year of his reign.
	www.sweden.se /templates/FactSheet____4403.asp (6904 words)

	GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS OF SWEDEN FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		His war wounds led the king to adopt a flexible armour of hide instead of the customary metal cuirass, and this is what he wore in the Battle_of_LÃ¼tzen.
		Gustav's armour is currently on display in the Royal_Swedish_Armoury at the Royal_Palace_in_Stockholm.
		Maria Eleonora and the king's ministers took over the government on behalf of Gustav Adolph's underage daughter Christina_of_Sweden upon her father's death.
	www.witwib.com /Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden (763 words)

	Gustav II Adolph
		Gustav was the eldest son of Charles IX and his second wife, Christina of Holstein.
		At his death the country was exhausted by constant warfare, the monarchy was generally unpopular, and the accession of a new king seemed to offer the opportunity to extort from the crown guarantees against a recurrence of misgovernment.
		A Swedish administration was being organized in the occupied areas; Gustav rewarded his generals and supporters by conferring the conquered lands on them; in some of the treaties he concluded with German princes there was more than a hint that he regarded them as his feudal inferiors.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/riley/787/30/Sweden/GustavII.html (2410 words)

	Gustav II Adolph of Sweden biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		Gustav II Adolph (December 9, 1594 - November 6, 1632) (also known as Gustav Adolph the Great, under the Latin name Gustavus Adolphus or the Swedish form Gustav II Adolf) was a King of Sweden.
		He was born in Stockholm, the son of Charles IX of the Vasa dynasty and Kristina of Holstein-Gottorp.
		Adolf von Schweden fr:Gustave II Adolphe de Suède nl:Gustaaf II Adolf ja:グスタフ・アドルフ no:Gustav II Adolf av Sverige pl:Gustaw II Adolf fi:Kustaa II Aadolf sv:Gustav II Adolf
	gustavus-adolphus.biography.ms (770 words)

	Gustav II Adolf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		Gustav II Adolph is considered the greatest Swedish king.
		Gustav waged successful wars against Russia and Poland, with resulting significant territorial gains.
		A religious interest in the Protestant cause and a belief that conquest of northern Germany by the Holy Roman Empire would be militarily and economically dangerous to Sweden impelled Gustav to enter the Thirty Years' War.
	members.aol.com /dkaplan888/gust.htm (155 words)

	Sweden Country Guide - History and Government - World Travel Guide Provided By Columbus Travel Publishing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		The Danes were defeated and Gustav was crowned Gustav I in 1523, establishing the House of Vasa and heralding the beginning of Sweden’s ascendancy in Europe.
		Despite his perceived role as a champion of Protestantism, Gustav II soon came to an alliance with Catholic France, in order to oppose their common enemy, the Emperor Ferdinand II.
		She abdicated in 1654 and the reigns of her three successors (1654-1718) were dominated by military campaigns, characterised by a slow retreat (in the face of Russia and Austria) and punctuated by spectacular but indecisive victories, such as Narva (1701).
	www.worldtravelguide.net /data/swe/swe580.asp (997 words)

	Swords, Knives, Collectibles - CASIberia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		King Gustav II Adolf (1594-1632) was monarch of Sweden from 1611-1632.
		In 1630 as a defensive maneuver, King Gustav II entered the Thirty Years’ War to secure the Swedish state and church from danger.
		The Gustav Rapier (SH2206) and main gauche (SH2209) are reproductions of his originals and are truly fit for a king.
	www.casiberia.com /cas/product_details.asp?id=SH2206N (226 words)

	Assessment. (from Gustav II Adolf) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The rise of Adolf Hitler to the position of dictator of Germany is the story of a frenzied ambition that plunged the world into the worst war in history.
		A leader of the regionalist movement in German fiction, Gustav Frenssen is remembered chiefly for his novels of peasant life.
		The great Austrian symphonist Gustav Mahler was known during his lifetime primarily as an opera and orchestra conductor.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=2937 (699 words)

	History
		During the reigns of Karl IX (1599— 1611) and Gustav II Adolf—Gustavus Adolphus—(1611—32), the crown was able to maintain and strengthen its position.
		After the death of Gustav II Adolf at the Battle of Lützen in 1632, the higher nobility succeeded in introducing a new constitution, the Form of Government of 1634, which created a number of central administrative bodies and placed effective power in their hands.
		Gustaf VI Adolf, who came to the throne in 1950, was succeeded on his death in 1973 by Carl XVI Gustaf, who was the first Swedish king to “reign” in accordance with the new constitution.
	www.swedenlife.8k.com /custom3.html (3309 words)

	- Chapter 45
		Gustav Adolf had been named after his grandfather, the great Gustav Vasa who founded the dynasty and created the modern nation called Sweden.
		In Gustav Vasa's realm, the four estates had all been listened to—the peasants and the citizens of the towns as much as the nobility and the clergy.
		Gustav II Adolf was no more immune to hesitation and uncertainty than any man. He was simply much better at dealing with it than anyone Spens had ever met.
	www.baen.com /library/0671319728/0671319728__45.htm (2750 words)

	- Chapter 47
		Gustav normally satisfied himself with nothing more than was needed to read and write dispatches—and perhaps his beloved Grotius and Xenophon, if there was time.
		Gustav II Adolf was as experienced a diplomat and politician as he was a general.
		Gustav swiveled in his chair and glanced at the two men standing toward the rear of the farmhouse.
	www.baen.com /library/0671319728/0671319728__47.htm (3055 words)

	general1
		Gustav Vasa is elected King of Sweden, ; J
		King Gustav II Adolf, land on the European continent to take part in the 30-years war
		King Gustav II Adolf is killed in the battle of Lutzen
	www.homestead.com /ladychess/Gallery2.html (622 words)

	Additional Reading (from Gustav II Adolf) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Nils Ahnlund, Gustav Adolf the Great (1940), is a classic study of selected aspects of the reign by the leading Swedish authority.
		Discussions of the king's motives and objectives for intervention in the Thirty Years' War are Michael Roberts, Essays in Swedish History (1967), which also includes studies of his significance for the art of war and of the constitutional implications of the reign, and Gustavus Adolphus and the Rise of Sweden (1973).
		"Gustav II Adolf." Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-2938?tocId=2938 (109 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Sweden, 1611-1654
		Adolf's daughter Christina was 6 years old when her father died in the Battle of Luetzen in 1632.
		Adolf's reign, under able Chancellor AXEL OXENSTJERNA, the justive system was reformed, a new HIGH COURT (Svea Hofrätt) established in Stockholm; other high courts were established in Åbo (1623, for Finland), Dorpat (1630, for Livonia and Estonia), Jönköping (1635, for Götaland).
		Adolf donated 300 estates to Uppsala University, prividing her with the economic foundation of future greatness.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/scandinavia/swe16111654.html (1389 words)

	Travel to Sweden Tour Cruise
		The first is Gustav Vasa, whose leadership established the foundations of the Sweden nation state in the early sixteenth century.
		The second is Gustav II Adolf, a figure perhaps better known as Gustavus Adolphus, the "Lion of the North." Although lacking the resources of other, larger European states, Sweden under Gustav II Adolf won a stunning series of campaigns that catapulted the kingdom to great power status within just a few decades.
		In 1632, the by-then legendary commander was killed at the battle of Lützen, leaving Sweden a troubled legacy of vast possessions, great influence, and a century of almost constant war.
	www.scantours.com /travel_sweden.htm (543 words)

	Queen Christina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		1626 -- born Christina Wasa in Sweden, daughter of King Gustav II Adolf and Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg.
		King Gustav commands that Christina be trained as a prince and then leaves for battle against Ferdinand, Emperor of Austria (Thirty Years' War).
		She is a devoted student, studying for 12 hours a day, and most consider her to have a brilliant intellect.
	members.aol.com /snuffy1186/qnchris.html (316 words)

	artnet.com: Resource Library: Damer, Henrik (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		By 1629 he was in Strängnäs, Södermanland, working on the monument (marble and sandstone, completed 1633; in situ) to the half-brother of Gustav II Adolf, King of Sweden (reg 1611–32), Carl Carlsson Gyllenhielm (1574–1650), in his mortuary chapel in Strängnäs Cathedral.
		The monument is rather stylized and solemnly expressive and consists of a tomb surmounted by a baldacchino carried by six Ionic columns; within it are the kneeling figures of Gyllenhielm and his wife, and smaller allegorical and biblical figures and heraldic shields adorn the walls and the baldacchino.
		To Damer is attributed the tower-like mortuary chapel (completed 1639) of Herman Wrangel (1587–1643) at Skokloster Church, Uppland, an octagonal structure evidently influenced by Gustav II Adolf’s memorial chapel (1632–3) at Riddarholm Church in Stockholm.
	www.artnet.com /library/02/0212/T021257.asp (250 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Nappy rated too low?
		Some of the other leaders were ranked higher than Nappy as well (I believe Gustav II Adolphus is) although I can't remember specifically.
		Gustav Adolf was one of the Greatest generals the world has ever seen Napoleon was good but not really brilliant as he lost incredible amounts of his best troops to attrition etc. Marlborough was of the few who managed to avoid attrition in his campaigns so imo he is the best
		Gustav Adholphus was certainly one of the best leaders of all time - I'm not arguing against that.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=193295&page=1 (2521 words)

	Kristina Wasa, Queen of Sweden (1626-1689)
		1626 December 8, Kristina Wasa was born in Sweden of King Gustav II Adolf and Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg.
		Her mother was disappointed that she was a girl, especially since the court soothsayers and wise women predicted the child would be a boy.
		King Gustav commands that Kristina be trained as a prince and then leaves for battle against Ferdinand, Emperor of Austria.
	oregonstate.edu /instruct/phl302/philosophers/wasa.html (1213 words)

	Stora Enso - Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags
		In 1619 a refinery for purifying copper was built at neighbouring Säter, to be supplemented in 1624 by a Copper Mint, the first of its kind in Sweden.
		King Gustav II Adolf had instituted the copper monetary standard in the country and enormous numbers of coins were minted.
		In 1612 King Gustav II Adolf drew up the first Mining Articles for the mine and these were followed by new Acts, which took their final form in Queen Christina’s Articles of 1649.
	www.storaenso.com /CDAvgn/main/0,,1_-5607-12358-,00.html (594 words)

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