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	Gustav Kirchhoff - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (March 12, 1824 – October 17, 1887), a German physicist who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy, and the emission of fl-body radiation by heated objects.
		Gustav Kirchhoff was born in Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia), the son of Friedrich Kirchhoff, a lawyer, and Johanna Henriette Wittke.
		Kirchhoff formulated his circuit laws, which are now ubiquitous in electrical engineering, in 1845, while still a student.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gustav_Kirchhoff (339 words)

	Gustav Robert Kirchhoff - Wikipedia
		Kirchhoff is vooral bekend geworden door een aantal wetten op het gebied van de elektrotechniek, de spectroscopie en straling van zwarte lichamen onder verhitting.
		Kirchhoff formuleerde zijn spanningswet van Kirchhoff en de stroomwet van Kirchhoff in 1845, toen hij nog een student was.
		Zijn Kichhoff stralingswet stamt uit 1859, het bewijs ervoor uit 1861.
	nl.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gustav_Kirchhoff (336 words)

	Kirchhoff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gustav Kirchhoff's father was Friedrich Kirchhoff, a law councillor in Königsberg with a strong sense of duty to the Prussian state.
		Kirchhoff and Weber both discovered that the velocity was independent of the nature of the wire and was almost exactly equal to the velocity of light.
		Kirchhoff and Bunsen went on to examine the spectrum of the sun in 1861 and were able to identify the chemical elements in the sun's atmosphere.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Kirchhoff.html (1528 words)

	Kirchhoff's laws - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kirchhoff's law(s), named after Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, is a term applied to two entirely different concepts.
		Kirchhoff's circuit laws: This is a pair of rules (common in electrical engineering) to analyze electric circuits, which can be derived from Maxwell's equations.
		Kirchhoff's law (thermodynamics) is a theorem about thermal radiation from heated objects, equating emission and absorption, and is derived from general considerations of thermal equilibrium.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kirchhoff's_laws (130 words)

	Kirchhoff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Kirchhoff was one of the foremost physicists of the 19
		Kirchhoff's circuit rules named after Gustav Robert Kirchhofft are two statements about multi-loop electric circuits that embody the laws of conservation of electric charge and energy and that are used to determine the value of the electric current in each branch of the circuit.
		Kirchhoff joined this research when he suggested that the observation of spectral lines, by dispersing the light with a prism, would be a more precise way of testing the color of the light.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/kirchhoff.htm (1232 words)

	VIAS Encyclopedia: Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Kirchhoff was born in Koenigsberg, Prussia, the son of a member of the King's Council.
		At the age of 21, Kirchhoff wrote his principles on the conduction of electrical current through any number of linear networks.
		The movement of electrical charge in conductors, which Kirchhoff based on the Theory of the Fluid Model, he referenced back to a system of differential equations with constraints.
	www.vias.org /encyclopedia/curriculum_kirchhoff.html (224 words)

	Adventures in CyberSound: Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert
		Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (Born: 12 March 1824 in Königsberg, East Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia) Died: 17 Oct 1887 in Berlin, Germany) was a student of Gauss.
		Kirchhoff was the first to explain the dark lines in the Sun's spectrum as caused by absorbsion of particular wavelengths as the light passes through a gas.
		In 1875 Kirchhoff was appointed to the chair of mathematical physics at the University of Berlin.
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/KIRCHHOFF_BIO.html (531 words)

	Gustav Kirchhoff
		Kirchhoff and Bunsen began by effectively inventing the spectroscope, a prism-based device that separated light in its primary chromatic components, i.e., its spectrum, with which they began studying the spectral "signature" of various chemical elements in gaseous form.
		Kirchhoff took the gigantic leap of then identifying the dark spectral lines observed in the solar spectrum, known since Joseph Fraunhofer's earlier work, with the emission lines observed by various heated chemical substances.
		In this manner Kirchhoff (1) demonstrated the existence, in the Sun, of many chemical elements isolated on Earth, (2) argued that the bulk of the Sun is comprised of a hot, incandescent liquid, and (3) firmly established the hot, gaseous nature of the solar atmosphere.
	www.hao.ucar.edu /Public/education/bios/kirchhoff.html (377 words)

	GUSTAV ROBERT KIRCHHOFF - LoveToKnow Article on GUSTAV ROBERT KIRCHHOFF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Four years later he was appointed professor of physics at Heidelberg, and in 1875 he was transferred to Berlin, where he died on the I7th of October 1887.
		Kirchhoffs contributions to mathematical physics were numerous and important, his strength lying in his powers of stating a new physical problem in terms of maUiematics, not merely in working out the solution after it had been so formulated.
		He can scarcely be called its inventor, for not only had many investigators already used the prism as an instrument of chemical inquiry, but considerable progress had been made towards the explanation of the principles upon which spectrum analysis rests.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /K/KI/KIRCHHOFF_GUSTAV_ROBERT.htm (372 words)

	GUSTAV ROBERT KIRCHHOFF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (12 maart 1824 - 17 oktober 1887) was een Duits natuurkundige.
		Kirchhoff is vooral bekend geworden door een aantal wetten op het gebied van de elektrotechniek en de spectroscopie.
		De spanningswet van Kirchhoff en de stroomwet van Kirchhoff evenals de Kichhoff stralingswet zijn naar hem vernoemd.
	www.thumpershollow.com /encyclopedia/G/Gustav_Robert_Kirchhoff (98 words)

	Gustav Kirchhoff
		Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (March 12, 1824 - October 17, 1887), physicist who is well known for his electrical rules, Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law, which are fundamental to circuit analysis in electrical engineering.
		He was born in Koenigsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia) and died in Berlin, Germany.
		Kirchhoff formulated the following law in 1859, followed by a proof in 1861.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ki/Kirchhoff.html (231 words)

	Kirchhof - Biography of Gustav Kirchhoff (1824-1887). (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gustav Kirchhoff (1824-1887) Gustav Robert Kirchhoff was born on 12 March 1824 in Koenigsberg (Germany).
		Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert German physicist who, with the chemist Robert Bunsen, firmly established the theory of spectrum analysis (a technique for chemical analysis by analyzing the light emitted by a heated material), which Kirchhoff applied to Gustav Robert Kirchhoff.
		Johann Phillip KIRCHHOFF was born on 20 Mar 1819 in Prussia.
	www.destarter.com /Kirchhoff/Kirchhof.html (487 words)

	Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchoff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1860 Robert Bunsen (1811—1899) and Gustav Kirchhoff (1824—1887) discovered two alkali metals, cesium and rubidium, with the aid of the spectroscope they had invented the year before.
		Bunsen and Kirchhoff, a physicist trained at Königsberg, met and became friends in 1851, when Bunsen spent a year at the University of Breslau, where Kirchhoff was also teaching.
		It was Kirchhoff who suggested that similarly colored flames could possibly be differentiated by looking at their emission spectra through a prism.
	www.chemheritage.org /EducationalServices/chemach/ppt/bk.html (464 words)

	The Making of the Spectroscope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Abstract: This study focuses on the spectroscopical experiments performed by the physicist Gustav Kirchhoff (1824-1887) together with the chemist Robert Bunsen (1811-1899) in Heidelberg in 1859.
		The knowledge about the first spectral apparatus constructed by Kirchhoff and Bunsen themselves was hitherto limited to descriptions given by Kirchhoff and Bunsen in their paper "Chemical analysis by spectrum-observations" in 1860.
		I will show how Kirchhoff and Bunsen brought their experiences to bear in the construction of two spectral apparatus that were made in the optical workshop of Steinheil.
	www.sic.iuhps.org /conf2001/spec_a42.htm (351 words)

	Gustav Kirchhoff - Wikipedia
		Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (12 de marzo de 1824 —- 17 de octubre de 1887) fue un físico alemán cuyas principales contribuciones científicas estuvieron en el campo de los circuitos electricos, la espectroscopía y la emisión de radiación de cuerpo negro.
		Aunque ambas se denominan Leyes de Kirchhoff, probablemente esta denominación es más común en el caso de las Leyes de Kirchhoff de la ingeniería eléctrica.
		Era hijo de Friedrich Kirchhoff (abogado) y Johanna Henriette.
	es.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gustav_Robert_Kirchhoff (356 words)

	Gustav Kirchhoff -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He coined the term "fl body" radiation in 1862, and two sets of independent concepts in both circuit theory and thermal emission are named " (Click link for more info and facts about Kirchhoff's laws) Kirchhoff's laws" after him.
		In the same year, they moved to (Capital of Germany located in eastern Germany) Berlin, where he stayed until he received a professorship at (A city in southwestern Poland on the Oder) Breslau (now Wroclaw).
		Kirchhoff formulated his current law voltage law for circuit analysis, which are now ubiquitous in (The branch of engineering science that studies the uses of electricity and the equipment for power generation and distribution and the control of machines and communication) electrical engineering, in 1845, while still a student.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/G/Gu/Gustav_Kirchhoff.htm (338 words)

	Kirchhoff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gustav Robert Kirchhoff's developed a number of laws that expanded on Ohm's Law created by Georg Simon Ohm.
		Kirrchoff was born in Königsberg, Prussia in 1824 and died in Berlin, Germany in 1887.
		We can put Kirchhoff's First Law into the words by saying: The sum of the currents entering any point in a circuit equals the sum of the currents leaving that point.
	www.fordhamprep.com /physics/kirch.htm (172 words)

	AllRefer.com - Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Gustav Robert Kirchhoff[goos´tAf rO´bert kirkh´hOf] Pronunciation Key, 1824–87, German physicist.
		He is known especially for his work with the spectroscope in association with R. Bunsen, with whom he discovered the elements cesium and rubidium, and for his explanation of the Fraunhofer lines in the solar spectrum.
		He also did important research in electricity (he formulated Kirchhoff's laws) and thermodynamics.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/K/KirchhofG.html (190 words)

	Gustav Robert Kirchhoff - Wikipedia
		Oktober 1887 in Berlin) war ein deutscher Physiker, der sich insbesondere um die Erforschung der Elektrizität verdient gemacht hat.
		Kirchhoff ist bekannt für seine Regeln der elektrischen Stromkreise, die die Abhängigkeit der elektrischen Spannung, elektrischen Stroms und des elektrischen Widerstands angeben und die fundamental für Aufbau und Analyse elektrischer Schaltungen und die Elektrotechnik sind (Kirchhoffsche Regeln).
		Kirchhoff hat auch zusammen mit Robert Wilhelm Bunsen das Caesium und das Rubidium entdeckt.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gustav_Robert_Kirchhoff (186 words)

	Moopuna: Term Papers on Gustav Robert Kirchhoff
		Gustav Robert Kirchhoff was an obscure German physicist whose experiments and findings revolutionized modern science.
		Gustav Kirchhoff was born in the small town of Königsberg, East Russia (now Kalingrad, Russia) on March 12 1824.
		Kirchhoff generalized the equations describing current flow in the case of electrical conductors to three dimensions.
	www.moopuna.com /c554.htm (355 words)

	Kirchhoff's Laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Kirchhoff's Laws for current and voltage - a Whatis.com definition...
		Kirchhoff's Laws Cannot Be Repealed, Legislated or Ignored...
		Quantities of a multiterminal circuit determined on the basis of Kirchhoff's law...
	www.scienceoxygen.com /electrical/3.html (334 words)

	Kirchhoff's Laws Website Reviews (Beens.org)
		The website also gives you a breef discription of Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, so every thing there is to know about this man and his laws are on this site.
		Suitability - This website is very sutible for are class because it goes more in dept about Kirchhoff and his laws, it helps give you a better understanding so i find it to be very sutible.
		It starts off by telling you about the history of Kirchhoff"s laws and how Kirchhoff"s laws can be applied.
	www.beens.org /websiteReviews/kirchhoff.htm (252 words)

	References for Kirchhoff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		L Boltzmann, Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, Populäre Schriften (Leipzig, 1905).
		N P Khomenko and T M Vyvrot, Euler and Kirchhoff - initiators of the main directions in graph theory (Russian) I : On the history of the mathematical sciences 'Naukova Dumka' (Kiev, 1984), 63-69, 168.
		N P Khomenko and T M Vyvrot, Euler and Kirchhoff - initiators of the main directions in graph theory (Russian) II : Sketches on the history of mathematical physics 'Naukova Dumka' (Kiev, 1985), 28-34, 183.
	www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk /history/References/Kirchhoff.html (123 words)

	Georg Simon Ohm: The Discovery of Ohm's Law
		It is important to note that Ohm's law is not an actual mathematically derived law, but an observation supported by significant empirical evidence.
		In 1845 Gustav Kirchhoff (1824 - 1887), German physicist, announced the discovery of Kirchhoff's laws, which allow calculation of the currents, voltages, and resistances of electrical networks.
		Extending the theory of Georg Ohm, he generalized the equations describing current flow to the case of electrical conductors in three dimensions.
	www.juliantrubin.com /bigten/ohmlawexperiments.html (825 words)

	Gustav Kirchhoff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Robert Bunsen, however, was the first to systematically study this phenomenon.
		Using this device, Bunsen and Kirchhoff were able to show that the emission spectrum of sodium salts consists of two narrow bands of radiation in the yellow portion of the spectrum.
		Kirchhoff noticed that the wavelength of the light given off when sodium salts were added to a flame was the same as the wavelength of the D line in
	chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/history/kirchhoff.html (173 words)

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