Gustav Sp�rer - Factbites

Gustav Sp�rer - Factbites
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Topic: Gustav Sp�rer

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	Gustav Spörer
		Gustav Spörer was born in Berlin on 23 October 1822.
	www.hao.ucar.edu /Public/education/bios/spoerer.html

	Biography Otto Lilienthal
		Grammar School in Anklam; His subjects included bird studies and his Mathematics teacher was Gustav Spörer (important German astronomer)
		Invention of what was later known as the "Anker-Steinbaukasten" (stone building blocks for children) together with Gustav Lilienthal
		His own mechanical engineering company for boilers and steam engines in Berlin
	www.lilienthal-museum.de /olma/ebiog.htm

	Gustav Spörer
		By the early 1860s both astronomers had accumulated sunspot observations demonstrating (1) the differential rotation of the Sun's surface, as inferred from the apparent E-W motion of sunspots; (2) the gradual equatorward drift of sunspots in the course of the sunspot cycle (now often called Spörer's Law).
		With his reputation now established, Spörer was invited in 1874 to join the Potsdam Astrophysical Observatory, then still under construction, where he became chief observer in 1882.
	www.hao.ucar.edu /Public/education/bios/spoerer.html (270 words)

	Gustav Spörer
		By the early 1860s both astronomers had accumulated sunspot observations demonstrating (1) the differential rotation of the Sun's surface, as inferred from the apparent E-W motion of sunspots; (2) the gradual equatorward drift of sunspots in the course of the sunspot cycle (now often called Spörer's Law).
		With his reputation now established, Spörer was invited in 1874 to join the Potsdam Astrophysical Observatory, then still under construction, where he became chief observer in 1882.
	www.hao.ucar.edu /Public/education/bios/spoerer.html (270 words)

	Great Moments in Solar Physics 2
		This period is now known as the Maunder minimum, after the solar astronomer E.W. Maunder, who, following the pioneering historical investigations of Gustav Spörer (1822-1895), was most active and steadfast in investigating the dearth of sunspot sightings by astronomers active in the second half of the seventeenth century.
		The documented occurrence of exceptionally cold winters throughout Europe during those years may be causally related to reduced solar activity, although this remains a topic of controversy.
		The green crosses are auroral counts, based on a reconstruction by K. Krivsky and J.P. Legrand.
	www.hao.ucar.edu /public/education/sp/great_moments.2.html (270 words)

	Great Moments in Solar Physics 2
		This period is now known as the Maunder minimum, after the solar astronomer E.W. Maunder, who, following the pioneering historical investigations of Gustav Spörer (1822-1895), was most active and steadfast in investigating the dearth of sunspot sightings by astronomers active in the second half of the seventeenth century.
		First, the latitude at which sunspots are most often seen decreases systematically from about 40° to 5° latitude as the sunspot cycle proceeds from one minimum to the next (see diagram below).
		Ribes, J. C., and Nesme-Ribes, E. 1993, The solar sunspot cycle in the Maunder minimum AD1645 to AD1715, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 276, 549-563.
	www.hao.ucar.edu /public/education/sp/great_moments.2.html (270 words)

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