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Topic: Guthrum the Old

	History of the Monarchy > The Anglo-Saxon kings > Alfred 'The Great'
		In early 878, the Danes led by King Guthrum seized Chippenham in Wiltshire in a lightning strike and used it as a secure base from which to devastate Wessex.
		King Guthrum was converted to Christianity with Alfred as godfather and many of the Danes returned to East Anglia where they settled as farmers.
		In 886, Alfred negotiated a partition treaty with the Danes, in which a frontier was demarcated along the Roman Watling Street and northern and eastern England came under the jurisdiction of the Danes - an area known as 'Danelaw'.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page25.asp (1457 words)

	Guthrum - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		He was probably engaged in the campaigns of the next three years, and after Alfred's victory at Edington in 878, Guthrum met the king at Aller in Somersetshire and was baptized there under the name of ZEthelstan.
		In 890 Guthrum-lEthelstan died: he is then spoken of as "se norc'S. erna cyning" (probably) "the Norwegian king," referring to the ultimate origin of his family, and we are told that he was the first (Scandinavian) to settle East Anglia.
		Guthrum is perhaps to be identified with Gormr (= Guthrum) hinn heimski or hinn riki of the Scandinavian sagas, the fosterfather of Horoaknutr, the father of Gorm the old.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Guthrum (173 words)

	Syndicate-Article.info - Battle of Edington FREE Articles for Websites and Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		He then defeated the Vikings (or Danes) under Guthrum the Old, fighting behind a protective wall of shields, reminiscent of tactics used by the Roman legions.
		Guthrum and his men had applied the usual Danish strategy of occupying a fortified town and waiting for a peace âtreaty,â involving money in return for a promise to leave the kingdom immediately; Alfred shadowed the army, trying to prevent more damage than had already occurred.
		The spiritual parenthood established by Alfred over Guthrum at Aller must inevitably have implied some level of cultural and political superiority, and Guthrum, as the spiritual son of Alfred, was in turn acknowledging the future on-going superiority of a king whose religion he was forced to adopt (83).
	www.syndicate-article.info /search.php?title=Battle_of_Edington (1524 words)

	Alfred the Great
		By the middle of May, his preparations were complete and he moved out of Athelney, being joined on the way by the levies of Somerset, Wiltshire and Hampshire.
		Guthrum, the Danish king, and twenty-nine of his chief men accepted baptism.
		The measures taken by Alfred to repress this revolt culminated in the capture of London in 885 or 886, and the treaty known as Alfred and Guthrum's peace, whereby the boundaries of the treaty of Wedmore (with which this is often confused) were materially modified in Alfred's favour.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ki/King_Alfred.html (2949 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Alfred the Great
		When he was four years old, according to a story which has been repeated so frequently that it is generally accepted as true, he was sent by his father to Rome, where he was anointed king by Pope Leo IV.
		Guthrum agreed to a peace and consented to be baptized.
		It is in connection with this struggle that many of the legends of Alfred have sprung up and been perpetuated — the story of the burnt cakes, the account of his visit to the Danish camp in the guise of a harper, and many others.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01309d.htm (904 words)

	Happy Dogs Clup, The biggest dog resource center,breeds,cloths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Danelaw (from the Old English Dena lagu, Danish: Danelagen) is an 11th century name for an area of northern and eastern England under the administrative control of the Danish Viking empire (or Danes, or Norsemen) from the late 9th century until the early 11th century.
		Later, around 886, the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum was created, which established the boundaries of their kingdoms and made some provision for relations between the English and the Danes.
		Old Norse and Old English were still mutually comprehensible and the mixed language of the Danelaw caused the incorporation of many Norse words into the English language, including the word law itself, as well as the third person plural pronouns they, them and their.
	www.happydogsclup.com /sdmc_Danelaw (1225 words)

	Danelaw
		The Danelaw (from the Old English Dena lagu) was an area of England under the administrative control of the Vikings (or Danes, or Norsemen) from the late 9th century.
		The Danelaw represented a consolidation of power for Alfred; the subsequent conversion of Guthrum to Christianity underlines the ideological significance of this shift in the balance of power.
		Old Norse and Old English were still mutually comprehensible, and the mixed language of the Danelaw caused the incorporation of many words into the English language, including the word law itself.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/d/da/danelaw.html (274 words)

	Vikings Part 4
		Part IV Guthrum I dies - Enter Guthrum II uthrum died in 891 and the pact between him and Alfred was considered null and void.
		The old Vikings settled down and resumed farming and inbreeding with the existing population.
		Guthrum II died in Bedfordshire in a battle at Tempsford in 917.
	www.battle1066.com /vikings4.shtml (813 words)

	English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Alfred the Great. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Alfred (Old English-Aelfred) was the fifth and youngest son of Ethelwulf of Wessex and his Jutish first wife, Osburh.
		Guthrum converted to christianity with Alfred standing as godfather to his erstwhile enemy.
		King Alfred was buried in the Old Minster at Winchester but a few years later, on the completion of the New Minster, which Alfred had founded, his body was translated there, it was soon to be named Hyde Abbey.
	www.englishmonarchs.co.uk /saxon_6.htm (1446 words)

	Guthrum
		By 876 Guthrum had been able to acquire various parts of the kingdoms of...; - In 876 the Danes reinvaded Wessex under a new leader, Guthrum,...
		Guthrum was baptised as a condition of peace.
		The Laws of Alfred, Guthrum, and Edward the Elder@Everything2com.
	xoomer.alice.it /ladzopudina/images03/ivqrqcace (245 words)

	"Fiery dragons in the air flying"
		In Old English, the "sh" sound was spelled sc; in Old Norse, the language of the Vikings, the same spelling signified the pronunciation sk.
		Where Old English had the glide pronunciation for the spelling g before high front vowels, Old Norse had the palatal ("hard g") pronunciation, resulting in the everyday words get, give, and egg.
		Even more basic "English" words derived from Old Norse are the "th-" pronouns (they, their, them), and the verb form are, which replaces the Old English sindon.
	wiz.cath.vt.edu /hel/helmod/loe.html (789 words)

	Viking - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Generally speaking, the Norwegians expanded to the north and west such as Scotland, Iceland, and Greenland, the Danes to England and France, settling in the Danelaw, and the Swedes to the east.
		The trade between western Europe and the rest of the Eurasian continent had suffered from a severe decline as a result of the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century and the expansion of Islam in the 7th century.
		In Old English, and in the writings of Adam von Bremen, the term refers to a pirate, and is not a name for a people or a culture in general.
	www.a013.com /wiki/Vikings (5945 words)

	The Vikings
		The Danelaw (from the Old English Dena lagu) is an 11th century name for an area of northern and eastern England under the administrative control of the Vikings (or Danes, or Norsemen) from the late 9th century.
		Old Norse and Old English were still mutually comprehensible, and the mixed language of the Danelaw caused the incorporation of many Norse words into the English language, as well as the third person plural pronouns they, them, and their.
		In Old English, and in the writings of Adam von Bremen, the term to a pirate, and is not a name for a people or a culture in general.
	www.aspects.net /~janus/vikings.htm (6216 words)

	Danelaw - Gurupedia
		The term is also used to describe the set of legal terms and definitions established between Alfred the Great and the viking Guthrum which were set down in agreements such as the Treaty of Wedmore which established a modus vivendi between the Anglo-Saxons and the viking in-comers.
		The influence of this period of Scandinavian settlement can still be seen in the North of England and the East Midlands, most evidently in place names: name endings such as "by" or "thorp" being particular giveaways.
		Old Norse and Old English were still mutually comprehensible, and the mixed language of the Danelaw caused the incorporation of many words into the English language, including the word
	www.gurupedia.com /d/da/danelaw.htm (557 words)

	Viking Age - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		They waited on an island off Ireland.In 865 a large army of Danish Vikings, supposedly led by Ivar, Halfdan and Guthrum arrived in East Anglia.
		This led to a lesser quality of ships; and, together with an increasing centralisation of government in the Scandinavian countries, the old system of Leidang—a fleet mobilization system, where every Skipen (ship community) had to deliver one ship and crew—was discontinued.
		Old Norse litterature from «Kulturformidlingen norrøne tekster og kvad» Norway.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Viking_Age (3381 words)

	[No title]
		Although the old city was not re-settled, the surrounding farms were taken by the Middle Saxons.
		The old highway from the City to the royal court at Westminster, The Strand, was lined with aristocrats’ mansions, but the two settlements were otherwise separate, and Westminster was a small fraction of the size of the City.
		Due to this outward expansion, in 1965 the old County of London (which by now only covered part of the London conurbation) and the London County Council were abolished, and the much larger area of Greater London was established with a new Greater London Council (GLC) to administer it, along with 32 new London boroughs.
	london.showcity.info /history.php (6764 words)

	Guthrum the Old - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At the Battle of Edington, Guthrum’s entire army was routed by Alfred the Great all the way to their encampment where they were besieged by Alfred the Great for two weeks.
		And three weeks later the king Guthrum came to him, one of thirty of the most honourable men who were in the raiding army, at Aller- and that is near Athelney- and the king received him at baptism; and his chrism losing was at Wedmore”
		Under the Treaty of Wedmore the borders dividing the lands of Alfred the Great and Guthrum were established,
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Guthrum_the_Old (713 words)

	Submitted Medieval Articles - King Alfred of England
		Alfred died in 26 October 899 (nine years after Guthrum, his old adversary and godson) and was succeeded by his son Edward the Elder.
		The Danish army would spend the winter at Repton and in the spring of 875 the Norse leader Halfdan returned to York, where a Danish kingdom was established in 876, whilst Guthrum and the other leaders commenced a march on Cambridge in East Anglia.
		3 Fought on the 5th May 878, Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, defeated the Danish forces of Guthrum at the Battle of Edington (The story tells that Alfred launched his men in a dense column in a surprise attack on the Danes whilst his brother, King Æthelred was at prayer).
	www.shadowedrealm.com /articles/submitted/article.php?id=14 (1435 words)

	Romance at Heart Magazine: review of Danelaw by Susan Squires
		She is a powerful symbol of the Old Ways, she can control horses, and Alfred hopes to gain the blessings of all the tribes, unite them, and stand against the Vikings by joining the Old Religion with the new through her.
		Guthrum trusts him, but there are others who do not, and Val finds himself fighting to take his rightful place among his people once more.
		Val is charged by Guthrum to hold the Downlands and bring, and enforce the Danelaw on the inhabitants of the region.
	romanceatheart.com /review/danelaw.html (802 words)

	Vikings - Crystalinks
		One path might be from the Old Norse word, vík, meaning "bay," "creek," or "inlet," and the suffix -ing, meaning "coming from" or "belonging to." Thus, viking would be a 'person of the bay', or "bayling" for lack of a better word.
		Later on, the term, viking, became synonymous with "naval expedition" or "naval raid, and a vikingr was a member of such expeditions.
		A second etymology suggested that the term is derived from Old English, wíc, ie.
	www.crystalinks.com /vikings.html (3824 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Ethelred the Unready
		However, in 991 Ethelred was faced with a Viking fleet larger than any since Guthrum the Old's "Summer Army" a century earlier.
		This fleet was led by Olaf Trygvasson, a Norwegian with ambitions to reclaim the Danelaw for his country.
		This could also be interpreted as a pun on his name, Æþelræd, which may be understood to mean "noble counsel" in Old English.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Ethelred_the_Unready (910 words)

	Happy Dogs Clup, The biggest dog resource center,breeds,cloths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum is an agreement between Alfred of Wessex and Guthrum, the Viking ruler of East Anglia.
		The treaty is one of the few existing documents of Alfred's reign; it survives in Old English in Corpus Christi College Cambridge Manuscript 383, and in a Latin compilation known as Quadripartitus.
		A prologue begins the document, outlining that it is a treaty between "King Alfred and King Guthrum and the councillors ("witan") of all the English race and all the people which is in East Anglia".
	www.happydogsclup.com /sdmc_Treaty_of_Alfred_and_Guthrum (579 words)

	The Passing of Merlin Zauber
		Indeed, the pagan gods, like the world of spirits generally, were represented as Christian devils, and the women who served the gods and spirits were said therefore to serve the Devil and to be dedicated heart and soul to the cause of evil.
		There were articles of faith in the old creed that substantially agreed with important tenets of the new.
		The greater part of their lives had been spent in dedicated training, sometimes traveling as far as Finland for "graduate study." The office of tribal wisewoman, by the nature of the position itself, would seldom be occupied by a very young woman.
	www.merlinzauber.com /women.htm (3276 words)

	Regia Anglorum - The Language of the Anglo-Saxons and Vikings
		Old English and Old Norse were in many ways similar since they had both developed out of the same language (like modern English and German), in fact, the languge spoken in Denmark at this time was mostly understandable by the Anglo-Saxons and vice-versa.
		The Old Norse word gata and Old English word geat are both words originally meaning 'a way through.' In English it came to predominantly mean a way through a wall or fence, so we get the word gate.
		One area where Old Norse had a heavy influence on the language was in place names.
	www.regia.org /languag.htm (1799 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Ethelred the Unready
		However, in 991 Ethelred was faced with a Viking fleet larger than any since Guthrum the Old's "Summer Army" a century earlier.
		This fleet was led by Olaf Trygvasson, a Norwegian with ambitions to reclaim the Danelaw for his country.
		This could also be interpreted as a pun on his name, Æþelræd, which may be understood to mean "noble counsel" in Old English.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Ethelred_the_Unready (936 words)

	Old English Historical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		With the coming of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes (and, apparently, Frisians) in 449, the island of England forever lost its Celtic character, and the era known as the "Anglo-Saxon" or "Old English" period began.
		The Celts were overrun, massacred, assimilated, or forced to retreat to the outermost edges of the islands, and the seafaring Vikings, speaking their own dialects of the West Germanic language, began their rule of the land.
		Finally, in 878 the Danish king ruling East Anglia and trying to expand his kingdom southward, Guthrum, was defeated by the English troops led by Alfred.
	homepage.mac.com /ebranscomb/courses/HEL/oe/hist.html (420 words)

	Chapter the Eighth: Amongst the Women (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		I went behind the blue silken screen, and it dropped behind me. The old woman was still upon her cushion, and the other women came and went from the little house, carrying out cushions of their own, workbaskets and small chests.
		The old woman had taken from me the only jewels I was wearing, including the silver and emerald pin which Ælfwyn had given me so long ago.
		I looked up at the old woman, but her eyes were hard and she spoke no word.
	www.octavia.net /books/claiming/Chapter8.htm (4260 words)

	The Danelaw of England (Historiography)
		Having come from word of Guthrum's victory the year before, they would sail to raid the Continent after wintering at Fulham, thanks to the changes in fortunes in England, with Guthrum and Alfred now at peace.
		As with others, he deplores the lack of written records in Old Norse, but notes the relative ease with which speakers of Old Norse and Old English were able to communicate with each other.
		The Northern Danelaw is the area surrounding York, in the old Anglian kingdom of Deira.
	www.cusd.claremont.edu /~ccandy/methods.html (4564 words)

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