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	Gutian period - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Gutian kings came to some power in Mesopotamia in ca.
		The last Gutian king was Tirigan, who was preceded by 21 kings (each reigning for only a few years), reigning roughly a total of one century (estimates vary between 80 and 120 years, with 91 years often quoted as probable).
		The most remarkable ruler of the Gutian period was however not a Guti, but the governer of Lagash, Gudea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gutians (467 words)

	Iranica.com - GUTIANS
		The geographical name Gutium, and the indication of people as Gutians, is attested in the Mesopotamian record from the mid-third to the late first millennium B.C.E. It is highly improbable that the name Gutians always referred to the same group of people and Gutium to the same region.
		The Gutian language is primarily known from some personal names and only one of their gods is known from a list of divine names (Hallo, p.
		The terms Gutium and Gutians continued to be used in texts from northern and southern Mesopotamia during the second and first millennia.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v11f4/v11f4045.html (1209 words)

	akkad
		Gutians invaded at the end of his reign and caused destruction and the break down of communications.
		The invasion was said by the Sumerians to be divine judgement for Naram-Sin's destruction of Enlil's temple at Nippur.
		However, he was the last great Akkadian King and the Gutians were beginning to invade the land.
	www.geocities.com /garyweb65/akkad.html (1029 words)

	iranian.com: Kurds and Gutians, Samir Abbas
		Disclosing the Gutians to be a branch of the Getae, Goths or Jats of Punjab, and hence of Scythian or East Iranic race.
		The Gutians overthrew the Akkadian dynasty, liberating the Sumerians from the Semitic yoke.
		The reason given for the Gutian attack on the Akkadians by the Sumerians is the destruction of the main Sumerian religious shrines by the fanatical Akkadian ruler Naram-Sin.
	www.iranian.com /History/2005/March/Gutians (7447 words)

	Sumerian History
		It was during the reign of Naram-Sin (2254-2218 B.C.) that a new threat arose from the mountains in the northeast.
		The result was a Gutian dynasty established during the reign of Naram-Sin of Akkad.
		The Gutians had no power south of Umma, and it was in Uruk that Utu-hegal (2133-2113 B.C.) came to the throne.
	www.sarissa.org /sumer/sumer_h.php (1453 words)

	c. The Sumerians and the Akkadians. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Under Shar-kali-sharri (2254–2230), Gutian tribes from the Zagros began raiding into Mesopotamia.
		Shar-kali-sharri was assassinated, and after him came a period of anarchy.
		The King List records 21 Gutian kings, though most of them were probably local chiefs with only limited authority.
	www.bartleby.com /67/84.html (978 words)

	Akkad and the Akkadians of Mesopotamia (Ancient Akkad)
		Two factors contributed to its downfall: the invasion of the nomadic Amurrus (Amorites), called Martu by the Sumerians, from the northwest, and the infiltration of the Gutians, who came, apparently, from the region between the Tigris and the Zagros Mountains to the east.
		As a matter of fact, the wholly negative opinion that even some modern historians have of the Gutians is based solely on a few stereotyped statements by the Sumerians and Akkadians, especially on the victory inscription of Utu-hegal of Uruk (c.
		From this period there has also been preserved a record of a "Gutian interpreter." As it is altogether doubtful whether the Gutians had made any city of southern Mesopotamia their "capital" instead of controlling Babylonia more or less informally from outside, scholars cautiously refer to "viceroys" of this people.
	history-world.org /akkadians.htm (2270 words)

	gutian
		The Gutians were a tribe from the Zagros region of Iran.
		Namhani completely co-operated with the Gutians before their expulsion and possibly in their attempts to re-invade.
		Utuhengal (2123-2113)-He rebelled against and defeated the Gutians, and had the last of their kings, Tiragan, brought before him so that he could put his foot upon his neck.
	geocities.com /garyweb65/gutian.html (411 words)

	New Societies in Mesopotamia
		But like the Sumerians, the people of Agade saw adversity as the work of displeased gods, and they interpreted the Gutian invasion as the result of their goddess Inanna having left their city because of Naramsin's sins.
		It was said that Sargon's mother had abandoned him in a cradle of reeds, that she had placed the cradle on one of Mesopotamia's great rivers and that Sargon had been found and adopted by Sumerians -- a story similar to one which would emerge centuries later about a man called Moses.
		After the fall of Sargon's empire, war erupted between the Sumerians and Gutians, and the Sumerians exterminated or evicted the Gutieans.
	www.fsmitha.com /h1/ch03.htm (4646 words)

	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Sumer
		After several generations the Sumerians threw off the Gutian yoke.
		The city of Lagash again achieved prominence, particularly during the reign of Gudea (circa 2144-2124 bc), an extraordinarily pious and capable governor.
		The Sumerians achieved complete independence from the Gutians when Utuhegal, king of Erech (reigned about 2120-2112 bc), won a decisive victory later celebrated in Sumerian literature.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /text_761576369___2/Sumer.html (1069 words)

	Mesopotamian Bronze Age (Old Akkadian, Neo Sumerian, Old Babylonian, Old Assyrian, Late Bronze Age) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Gutians (Guti or Quti) are (semi-)nomads from the mountains in the north (modern Iran).
		In contrasts to the texts in 'the curse of Akkad' and the Sumerian King Lists, it is improbable that the Gutians were the only ones responsible for the final fall of the dynasty of Akkad.
		Gudea is one of the successors of the empire of Akkad and despite the formal rule of the Gutian according to the Sumerian King Lists.
	www.sron.nl /~jheise/akkadian/bronze_age.html (5494 words)

	The Ancient Guti of the Central Zagros Mountain Region of Iran
		Gutium, a mountainous area in south-west Iran, was a troublesome part of the Akkadian Empire and the year names of the kings of Akkad record campaigns against the region.
		The King List records twenty or twenty-one Gutian kings ruling Sumer and Akkad, totalling 125 years, although it is uncertain whether at the time of the invasion they had a king or were still barbarian hordes.
		The Guti left very few traces of their rule except for a few monuments and dedications inscribed with their names.
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /Guti.html (305 words)

	The Sumerian King List - www.GatewaysToBabylon.com
		The Gutians were a ruthless, barbaric horde from the mountains of the East.
		When a new Gutian king ascended to throne, Utu-khegal struck and was victorious.
		Ur-Nammu died in battle with the Gutians, who continued to plague Sumer throughout the III Dynasty of Ur.
	www.gatewaystobabylon.com /introduction/sumer_kinglist.htm (4099 words)

	d. The Amorite Kingdoms. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		His son, Ishme-Dagan (1780–1741), invaded Babylonia, in alliance with Elam, Eshnunna, and the Gutians but was defeated by Hammurapi the Great.
		For over 20 years, he concentrated on building and irrigation projects, organized a centralized administration, and issued the famous Law Code of Hammurapi.
		In 1764, Babylon was attacked by a coalition of Elam, Assyria, the Gutians, and Eshnunna, but Hammurapi defeated the coalition, annexed Eshnunna and Elam, and expanded the empire to the borders of Assyria and the Zagros.
	www.bartleby.com /67/85.html (657 words)

	[No title]
		In the third millennium BC and the early years of the second millennium BC, signs appear of the emergence of the first class societies, with a protourban civilization and embryonic state structures.
		According to Sumerian cuneiform sources, the first State to arise on the territory of historical Azerbaijan was the state of Aratta, which came into being in the first half of the third millennium BC in the area to the south and southeast of Lake Urmia.
		The Gutian state was formed later in the second half of the third millennium BC in the area west and southwest of Lake Urmia.
	www.mfa.gov.az /eng/azer/3.doc (3518 words)

	The Rise & Fall Of Civilizations - Part 2 - Print Version
		Thus, it is likely that Sumerian cities were not strongly united in defense of the Sumerian Empire, local rulers hoping that war with Akkadia would return independence to their individual city-states.
		We are not sure what factors allowed the Gutians to succeed, but there is speculation that plague, famine, and/or drought played a role.
		The Gutians were evicted and Sumerian civilization revived for a century.
	www.gold-eagle.com /editorials_01/mbutler121401pv.html (4868 words)

	Ancient World Review
		The Akkadians, led by Sargon I, defeated one of the city-states, Kish, in 2371 BCE.
		The Sumerians were a collection of city-states that could not get together for a collective defense and this was one the major problems in their decline.
		He conquered the area previously known as Sumer and his empire lasted for about 200 years from about 1800 BCE to 1595 BCE (Babylonia did have influence over the surrounding area until about 1100 BCE but they were controlled by other groups and kings).
	teachers.olathe.k12.ks.us /~cthibodeauct/ancientworldreview.htm (6756 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Gutians
		Gutians, belligerent people from the Zagros Mountains in southern and western Persia who subjugated the country of Sumer in about 2218 bc.
		Peoples : Middle East: ancient peoples â“ Gutians
		During his reign the Gutians sacked the city of Agade and eventually destroyed...
	encarta.msn.com /Gutians.html (118 words)

	Apollonius.Net - Boulay Chapter 17
		Abraham was born in the city of Ur in lower Mesopotamia in 2167 BC, at the time when the land was still under the control of the Gutian hordes.
		These intervening yeas can be eliminated as producing a candidate for our purpose since the Gutian kings were not strong enough to consolidate the cities of Mesopotamia much less mount an invasion to the west.
		It was one of their puppet kings, one Utu-Hegal, who rebelled and finally rid the country of the Gutian occupation.
	www.apollonius.net /boulay17e.html (9265 words)

	DBA Army Variants -- The Mitanni (1650-1218 BC) -- DBA #8c (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The DBA army lists for the early bronze and iron age armies are quite far from complete, serving only to mention the most prominent armies and empires of the era.
		Most of the more short-lived of the "barbarian" tribes, such as the Kassites, the Gutians, and the Phrygians, are not even mentioned.
		This is probably because of the sheer lack of information on their armies, or the fact that they might have conformed to the military organization of more advanced neighbouring empires.
	fanaticus.org /dba/armies/var8c.html (1203 words)

	ZENDA February 9, 1998
		Soon after the death of Naram-Sin, a people called Gutians who lived on the east bank of the Tigris river, began to invade Bet-Nahrain.
		By 2457 BC Bet-Nahrain was completely in the hands of the Gutians who ruled over the land once conquered by Naram-Sin's grandfather, Sargon of Akkad.
		Gutians remained in Mesopotamia for 125 years until they were finally thrown out by the Sumerians who themselves were conquered by Sargon of Akkad some three centuries earlier.
	www.zindamagazine.com /html/archives/1998/feb9_1998.htm (3014 words)

	CDLJ 2004:002 notes
		A text copied during the Old Babylonian period (the original text was probably composed earlier, presumably commissioned by Utu-hegal himself), tells in a poetic way about the circumstances of Utu-hegal’s war against the Gutians.
		Thereafter follows a description of the actual war, victory and capture of the Gutian king Tirigan (see Römer 1985, Frayne 1993, 284-93; Widell 2000).
		As the leader of this successful coalition against the Gutians, Utu-hegal possessed both the political prestige and the military power to claim hegemony over southern Babylonia.
	cdli.ucla.edu /pubs/cdlj/2004/cdlj2004_002_fnn.html (793 words)

	Sumer
		This became the beginning of the Akkadian dynasty.
		Around 2220: The Gutians from the Zagros mountains conquer and take control over Akkad and Sumer.
		Around 2150: The rulers of Lagash rise to become important political factors in Sumer, but is still under the governance of Gutian rulers.
	i-cias.com /e.o/sumer.htm (956 words)

	Ancient Astronomical Observations and Near Eastern Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the famous battle of Utu-hegal (who according to the king-lists is the sole member of the 5th Dynasty of Uruk) the king defeated Tirigan, king of Gutium, and so ended the long rule of a dynasty which had begun immediately before the fall of Agade, in the reign of Sharkalisharri.
		According to EAE, the battle and subsequent downfall of the Gutians is attended by a lunar eclipse:
		Though the length of the period from the fall of Agade to the start of Ur III is not known for certain, it is generally believed to be from 15 to 100 years.
	www.ouviroevento.hpg.ig.com.br /textos/arqueologiaehist/astronomiaearqueologia.htm (9089 words)

	Ancient Sumer History in Mesopotamia
		The wild Gutian hordes were not very qualified for the leadership so the individual cities in Sumer and Akkad fell back to the old city-state ( D) localized hegemony.....
		The instumental role of the Gutian tribes in the fall of Akkad is uncertain.
		Ancient historiography ascribed to King UtuKhegal of city-state Uruk (2133-2113) the actual role of liberating Sumer by ousting the Gutian hordes.
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /Sumer.html (2031 words)

	Recent X-Waves
		Around 2150 BC, eastern nomads called Gutians overran the Akkadian Empire and destroyed it.
		We do know that a water shortage in Palestine about this time eliminated urban life there for two centuries, reducing the population to semi-nomads.
		In any event, the Gutian assault, by destroying Akkadia, brought a renaissance to Sumeria.
	www.freebuck.com /articles/elliott/00riseandfall2.htm (5080 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Archaeologically there is not a lot of evidence of large occupation areas or influence of cultural trace for the Gutians outside of Akkad before its fall.
		No real reason of why is stated simply that Enlil was not happy, but it seems clear by the connotations in the poem and the timing of the anger of Enlil that the surrounding, suppressed nations, were not happy and these were the probably the cities that grouped together and began the downfall of Akkad.
		To the end to the poem the Gutians are mentioned as taking the city, but the downfall of the city had already started and Naram sin seems to struggle with the empire and its enemies for seven years before the Gutians take the city.
	www.art.man.ac.uk /ARTHIST/estates/essay-3-3.htm (2136 words)

	[TMP] Hourglass Miniatures Ceases Trading (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		They do seem the only hope to get a complete range with Gutians.
		Castaway Arts do Gutians but too few and static poses for a nice large warband.
		I think as far compatibility with Hourglass does not really make a too much odds as they are no longer and at best we may get a unit of Hittite spearmen.
	theminiaturespage.com /news/701583 (217 words)

	Sumerian and Akkadian (DBA 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Gutians (natives of the Zagros Highlands to the east) overran Akkadia and much of northern Sumer (c.
		With the Akkadians overwhelmed and under Gutian rule, the Sumerians regained nominal control over many of their city-states and in 2125, the Sumerian city of Ur rose up in revolt against Akkadia and was able to establish an independent Sumerian empire encompassing the city-states of southern Mesopotamia.
		The DBA list comes to a close circa 2000 with the appearance of the Amorites, who migrated from the lands of Nimrod (upper Iraq) southward to overrun much of Mesopotamia.
	fanaticus.org /dba/armies/dba1.html (1428 words)

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