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	Guttation
		Guttation is the appearance of drops of water on the leaves of some vascular plants.
		On some nights when atmospheric conditions are not conducive to transpiration (humid and windless), root pressure may be so strong that the plant cannot rid itself of water fast enough.
		Guttation is not to be confused with dew.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/gu/Guttation.html (73 words)

	Guttation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Guttation is the appearance of drops of water on the leaves of some vascular plants, such as grasses.
		On some nights when atmospheric conditions are not conducive to transpiration (humid and windless), and when there is a high soil moisture, guttation occurs to maintain the flow of water and nutrients through the plant.
		Guttation is not to be confused with dew, which condenses from the atmosphere onto the plant surface.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Guttation (148 words)

	Study on laminar hydathodes of Ficus formosana (Moraceae) I. Morphology and ultrastructure
		Guttation is the process by which water exudes from a leaf surface.
		Guttation is observed in a wide range of vascular plants and ferns.
		The hydathode is the apparatus of guttation that consists of stomata-like pores in the epidermis and the epithem, which has a large chamber with masses of thin-wall parenchyma cells and a sheath layer surrounding its tissues (Kramer, 1945).
	ejournal.sinica.edu.tw /bbas/content/2005/3/Bot463-05.html (4357 words)

	Suppression of Bacterial Blight by a Bacterial Community Isolated from the Guttation Fluids of Anthuriums -- Fukui et ...
		Survival of Xcd-lux in guttation fluids of anthurium plants and isolation of inhibitory bacterial strains.
		the guttation fluids from cultivar ARCS, Kalapana, or Tropic Mist.
		the inhibition of the pathogen observed in guttation fluids was
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/65/3/1020 (7048 words)

	CiteULike: Production of recombinant proteins in tobacco guttation fluid. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Guttation, the loss of water and dissolved materials from uninjured plant organs, is a common phenomenon in higher plants.
		Guttation fluid can be collected throughout a plant's life, thus providing a continuous and nondestructive system for recombinant protein production.
		Guttation fluid has the potential of increasing the efficiency of recombinant protein production technology by increasing yield, abolishing extraction, and simplifying its downstream processing.
	www.citeulike.org /user/barneb/article/369278 (348 words)

	Guttation - TheBestLinks.com - Water, Vein, Transpiration, Dew, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Guttation, Water, Vein, Transpiration, Dew, Vascular plant, Root pressure...
		Guttation is the appearance of drops of water on the leaves of some vascular plants.
		On some nights when atmospheric conditions are not conducive to transpiration (humid and windless), root pressure may be so strong that the plant cannot rid itself of water fast enough.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Guttation.html (136 words)

	AMS Glossary
		Sometimes guttation is confused with dew, although the origin and appearance of the resulting drops are different.
		Guttation appears as a single large pendant drop at the tip of the blade; guttation forms by the extrusion of liquid water from the moist ground.
		When a wet heiligenschein is seen on the grass it is mainly caused by dewdrops; when a rainbow is seen on the grass it is mainly caused by guttation drops.
	amsglossary.allenpress.com /glossary/search?id=guttation1 (143 words)

	Ole Pedersen - Water transport
		This was confirmed by measurement of guttation which showed the highest rates in young leaves.
		Guttation rates were 10-fold larger in the youngest leaf of S. emersum (2.1 µl leaf-1 h-1) compared to the youngest leaf of L. dortmanna (0.2 µl leaf-1 h-1).
		The leaves ceased to guttate when the roots were cooled to 4oC from the acclimatization level at 15oC whereas the guttation was stimulated when the temperature was raised to 25oC.
	www.bio-web.dk /op/water.html (1171 words)

	lab 9 transpiration example 2 ap
		It is instead lost through transpiration, the evaporation of water through the leaf surface and stomata, and through guttation, which is the loss of water from the vascular tissues in the margins of leaves.
		There are three levels of transport in plants: uptake and release of water and solutes by individual cells, short distance cell to cell transport at tissue and organ levels, and long distance transport of sap by xylem and phloem at the whole plant level.
		Guttation occurs through leaf openings on the leaf margins called hydrathodes.
	sps.k12.ar.us /massengale/lab_9_transpiration_example_2_ap.htm (1349 words)

	A Tip for Stretching That Fungicide Dollar in Autumn - Superintendents' Korner - 2004-10-01
		Guttation water is exuded out the plant through the hydathodes (small opening normally at the tip of the leaf).
		Guttation water is high in organic compounds like amino acids, which serve as a food source for fungi.
		After an initial mowing when dew is present, guttation water often reforms on the leaf tip.
	hcs.osu.edu /sk/notes/detail.lasso?id=669 (247 words)

	Leaf Wetness and Turfgrass Disease Colorado State University Cooperative Extension Tri River Area
		The presence of sugars, starches and amino acids in the guttation fluids exuded from the plant provides an energy source for the invasion of the plant by the pathogen.
		Early to late evening is the worse time to irrigate as it wets the turfgrass plant and debris (thatch and mat) extending the normal leaf wetness period thus allowing foliar disease organisms to germinate and infect.
		Watering in summer at midday can be effective in cooling the grass and provide some water for roots allowing the parched grass blades to recover their turgor.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/CoopExt/TRA/PLANTS/leafwet.html (1694 words)

	Dummies::Moving Fluids and Minerals through Plants
		There are several different "modes of transportation" through the xylem and phloem; their main function is to keep all cells of the plant hydrated and nourished.
		Inside the cells of the root, there is a higher concentration of minerals than there is in the soil surrounding the plant, which makes sense because the root comprises a much smaller area, whereas the soil is a much larger area.
		This force results in guttation, which is the formation of tiny droplets on the ends of leaves or grass early in the morning.
	www.dummies.com /WileyCDA/DummiesArticle/id-1205,subcat-MATH.html (1203 words)

	Production of Recombinant Proteins in Tobacco Guttation Fluid -- Komarnytsky et al. 124 (3): 927 -- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A, Guttation over the entire surface of young tobacco leaf after the plant was kept for 24 h under constant humidity.
		C, Western-blot detection of recombinant GFP in the apoplast (lane 1) and guttation fluid (lane 2) of a control plant, the apoplast (lane 4) and guttation fluid (lane 5) of the GFP #16 transgenic line, and the guttation fluid of the other three transgenic lines (lanes 6-8).
		A, Daily production of the guttation fluid as a function of time of the day at which plants, kept at a 16-h photoperiod (indicated on the top bar) with 26°C days and 18°C nights, were shifted to constant humidity (RH 95%) with other environmental factors unchanged.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/124/3/927 (3751 words)

	guttation \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		Guttation is the appearance of drops of xylem sap on the tips or edges of leaves of some vascular plants, such as grasses.At night, transpiration usually does not occur because most plants have their stomata closed at night.
		When there is a high soil moisture level, water will enter plant roots at night because the water potential of the roots is lower than in the soil solution.
		guttation, the exudation of liquid water from the uninjured surface of a plant leaf
	www.babylon.com /definition/guttation (141 words)

	Leaf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the chloroplast containing cells (chlorenchyma) to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues.
		Leaves are also the sites in most plants where respiration, transpiration, and guttation take place.
		Leaves can store food and water, and are modified in some plants for other purposes.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Foliage (1007 words)

	Notes, Observations, and Ideas Relating to Giant Equisetum
		The exit of this xylem water, termed guttation, results in the formation of small droplets in the vicinity of the hydathodes.
		Guttation occurs when transpiration is nil, such as under very high relative humidity conditions or at night (Nobel, 1991).
		I frequently observe guttation in the developing stems of my cultivated giant horsetails (and other Equiseta) at night and in the early morning (when evaporative potential is low).
	www.fiu.edu /~chusb001/GiantEquisetum/NotesObservationsIdeas.html (3412 words)

	Experts Face Off on Tree Weeping: Bug Expert Says It's Bugs, Tree Guy Says It's Trees ... - Science - RedOrbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He has no doubt that something called "guttation," a natural yet unusual type of plant secretion, is at work.
		Because guttation's trademark dripping leaves are usually spotted on herbaceous plants, particularly strawberries, Lam agrees it would take some doing for trees to get in on the act.
		She interrupts Lam's Guttation 101 to mention that an "older lady" who lives on the block recently told a group of youngsters to stop freaking out, because the trees have been doing this for years.
	www.redorbit.com /news/science/698707/experts_face_off_on_tree_weeping_bug_expert_says_its/index.html?source=r_science (919 words)

	LECTURE 5
		Root pressure occurs in plants that are not transpiring (stomates are closed) growing in well-watered soils (with a relatively high water potential).
		Guttation is the expression of liquid water from a leaf due to root pressure.
		Hydathodes are specialized pores at the end of leaf veins where guttation water is extruded from a leaf.
	www.biology.lsu.edu /webfac/dlongstreth/plphys/lecture_5BK.htm (1614 words)

	Release of Guttation Fluid from Passive Hydathodes of Intact Barley Plants. II. The Effects of Abscisic Acid and ...
		Guttation was used as a non-destructive way to study the flow
		Guttation of the leaves of barley seedlings depends on age and
		Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues.
	aob.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/45/6/703 (296 words)

	UBC Department of Botany - People
		Guttation is a natural phenomenon in which water is forced from leaf margins during periods of water uptake from the roots and limited transpiration.
		Since guttation originates from xylem this finding has important implications for the spread of plant viruses within plants (phloem has long been regarded as the major conduit).
		Also guttation may be important in dissemination of plant viruses since it provides an "escape route" from plants, that can be exploited in the absence of insect vectors or mechanical damage.
	www.botany.ubc.ca /people/french.htm (290 words)

	BBC - 16+ SOS Teacher - Biology cells Plants
		This is called guttation and is caused by root pressure.
		Salt, sugar and organic compounds that are dissolved in the guttation water crystallise after evaporation of the water at the site of outflow.
		Plants that live in a high salt environment, such as at the seashore, excrete salt from stomata that are similar to those involved in guttation.
	www.bbc.co.uk /schools/16/sosteacher/biology/32642.shtml (366 words)

	The Dry Look - Leaf wetness linked directly to several turf diseases - TurfGrass Trends
		This exudate (guttation fluid) makes up only 25 percent of the dew that forms with the other 75 percent being condensation from the atmosphere.
		This increase in infection also may be because of an increase in guttation fluids that feed the pathogens.
		More guttation fluid means a higher concentration of sugars, starches and amino acids available to the pathogen.
	www.turfgrasstrends.com /turfgrasstrends/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=136207 (768 words)

	Articles and Papers - Scientific Papers - Cell Differentiation - Some Constituents of Xylem Sap and their Possible ...
		Bleeding sap of Actinidia chinensis and Betula populifolia and guttation fluid of Avena sativa were analysed for sugars, amino-acids, auxin, and certain enzymes.
		Auxin was not detected in the bleeding sap, but was present in Avena guttation fluid (5.1 ug IAA equivalent/1).
		The possibility that some of the substances found in sap and guttation fluid are products of autolysing, differentiating xylem cells in the roots is discussed.
	www.sheldrake.org /Articles&Papers/papers/cell/cell_xylem_abs.html (147 words)

	The Galveston County Daily News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		But if this “water” is actually coming out of the leaf, it is condition known as guttation.
		Guttation occurs along the leaf margins as the result of water movement up a plant due to root pressure.
		The guttation process will stop as the plants adjust to your home environment.
	galvestondailynews.com /story.lasso?ewcd=5933a9523ae1b742 (792 words)

	Leaves
		Leaves take part in other plant functions as well, including transpiration and guttation, both of which remove excess water from the plant, and respiration, the process by which a plant obtains oxygen and energy.
		Guttation is the process by which a plant loses liquid water.
		Unlike dew, which condenses on leaves from water vapor in the air and covers the entire leaf surface, guttation droplets form only on the edges and tips of leaves.
	www.cupertino.k12.ca.us /westvalley.www/programs/natural_science/4thGrade/Leaf.htm (1742 words)

	CAT.INIST
		Chemical composition of guttation fluid and leaves of Petasites japonicus v.
		The concentrations of Ni and Mn in the guttation fluid from Petasites japonicus v.
		Thus, the concentrations of Ni and Mn in both the guttation fluid and leaves of Petasites japonicus v.
	cat.inist.fr /?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=13804567 (273 words)

	American Journal of Botany, 30, 10, December, 1943 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		When neutral red crystals were placed in the guttation drop of maize and squash plants, the drop was sucked back into the leaf and the vascular system of such a leaf was stained for a distance of one to three inches.
		When the guttation water evaporates on the tips of the leaves, it leaves various salt deposits which may increase due to a continuous guttation process over a one-, two- or even three-day period.
		New products or changes in the guttation fluid, which are toxic to the internal cells when the fluid is sucked back in, may be produced by bacteria, molds, or enzymes.
	www.botany.org /ajb/00029122_di001417.php (2415 words)

	CSIRO PUBLISHING - Functional Plant Biology
		Evidence of guttation by submerged coleoptiles was provided by measuring tritium accumulation in a water jacket surrounding the coleoptile when tritiated water (THO) was supplied to the roots.
		It was shown that the application of nail polish to the coleoptiles induced almost immediate guttation from the stomata.
		Application of petroleum jelly (Vaseline) to the stomata on the illuminated side of coleoptiles stimulated phototropically in moist air induced a negative curvature in the apical half of the coleoptile and reduced the positive curvature in the basal half.
	www.publish.csiro.au /nid/102/paper/PP9940359.htm (247 words)

	HYDATHODE ANATOMY AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GUTTATION AND PLANT WATER STATUS IN STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA X ANANASSA ...
		Field observations of strawberry plants suggested that the presence or absence of guttation was related to plant water status.
		The mid-day leaf-minus-air temperatures of plants with pre-dawn guttation were more negative than those without guttation which indicates that leaves with guttation have more open stomata and greater transpiration rates.
		These results suggest that guttation on strawberry leaves is an indicator of subtle differences in strawberry plant water status that might be useful in scheduling irrigation.
	www.actahort.org /books/265/265_58.htm (202 words)

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