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Topic: Guttman scale

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	Likert scale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Likert scale (pronounced 'lick-ert') is a type of psychometric scale often used in questionnaires.
		Likert scaling is a bipolar scaling method, measuring either positive and negative response to a statement.
		Likert scale data can, in principle, be used as a basis for obtaining interval level estimates on a continuum by applying the polytomous Rasch model, when data can be obtained that fit this model.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Likert_scale (367 words)

	Encyclopedia: Guttman scale
		The Guttman scale is a comparative scaling technique developed by researcher Louis Guttman in 1944.
		Thus an importat objective in Guttman scaling is to maximize the reproducatility of responce patterns from a single score.
		The Guttman scale has become somewhat less popular in recent years, although is still used occasionally, especially when researchers want to design short questionaires with good discriminating ability.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Guttman-scale (520 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Scale (social sciences) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Guttman scaling - This is a procedure to determine whether a set of items can be rank-ordered on an unidimensional scale.
		Likert Scaling - Respondents are asked to indicate the amount of agreement or disagreement (from strongly agree to strongly disagree) on a five-point scale.
		Thurstone scaling - This is a scaling technique that incorporates the intensity structure among indicators.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Scale_%28social_sciences%29 (1134 words)

	Thurstone scale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In psychology, the Thurstone scale was the first formal technique for measuring an attitude.
		The scale is then obtained as a left-adjusted column marginal average of this standard score matrix (Thurstone, 1927b).
		The underlying rationale for the method and basis for the measurement of the "psychological scale separation between any two stimuli" derives from Thurstone's Law of comparative judgment (Thurstone, 1928).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thurstone_scale (447 words)

	[No title]
		The first two scales were descriptive in nature, one measuring studentsÕ views about the teaching methods applied by their mathematics teachers, and the other measuring their perception of the climate of the school in terms of its authoritarian or open nature.
		Rating Scale Analysis Rating scale analysis was chosen from among the different Rasch models to employ in the analyses of the students' responses to these view and attitude statements.
		The scale was developed to measure the views of students about the procedures used by their mathematics teachers' in the teaching of mathematics.
	www.aare.edu.au /96pap/afrat96006.txt (7580 words)

	Social Research Methods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Guttman Scaling is based on the idea that anyone who gives a strong indicator of some variable will also give the weaker indicators.
		The extent to which a set of empirical responses form a Guttman scale is determined by the accuracy with which the original responses can be reconstructed from the scale scores.
		Guttman scaling is based on the structure observed among the actual data under consideration.
	wings.buffalo.edu /courses/sp02/soc/293/notes6.html (2628 words)

	Reiss
		However, such a scale would not be a meaningful one, for Guttman scaling requires that the researcher have a conception of the underlying dimension in mind, and if he must drop any items he ought to explain why he had to do so and alter the original conception accordingly.
		Both the male and female scales in the student and the adult samples had coefficients of scalability that were between.80 and.90, indicating that more than eighty percent of the indeterminateness had been removed by the use of the Guttman-scale model.
		The female scale in the adult sample seems to have three separate levels of intensity: the highest for those who are in the kissing types, medium for those in the petting scale types, and lowest for those in the coital scale types.
	www2.rz.hu-berlin.de /sexology/Reiss2/d.htm (5333 words)

	Newman Guttman -- The Silver Scale/Pitch Variations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Guttman's work involved exploring how pitch was perceived— and for the first time, the computer offered direct control over waveforms and tone generation to conduct his experiments.
		The discoveries and insights made by Guttman and his group have lead in part to what is known today as 'pulsar synthesis' along with technologies which allow pitch correcting for a singing voice.
		Along with Pierce, Guttman is regarded as an important contributer to psychoacoustic research— particularly important is his early research and experimentation with cochlear models to explain the perciption of musical pitch.
	www.sfsound.org /tape/Guttman.html (437 words)

	Re: Reflection Post 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The scale types to consider are the Bogardus Social Distance Scale, the Thurston Scale, the Likert Scale, the Semantic Differential, and the Guttman Scale.
		While a Thurston Scale might be a good tool for examining manners, it is problematic in that there are only three questions to rate (or four if you use all that were included on the survey).
		Furthermore, a Guttman scale can be used if the coefficient of reproducibility is between 90 and 100%, and for these variables, it is 91.3% - so it satisfies.
	mtsu32.mtsu.edu:11178 /_disc7/00000270.htm (332 words)

	Guttman Scaling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The purpose of Guttman scaling is to establish a one-dimensional continuum for a concept you wish to measure.
		The key to Guttman scaling is in the analysis.
		This scale score is used in the final calculation of a respondent's score.
	www.socialresearchmethods.net /kb/scalgutt.htm (992 words)

	PA 765: Scales and Standard Measures
		A Guttman error is an interior blank or an exterior X in a Guttman table, which in turn is a table in which the X axis is the items arranged by increasing difficulty and the Y axis are the subjects arranged in order (from the origin) of descending number of correct answers.
		Proximity scaling uses many of the same statistics (ex., coefficient of reproducibility) as Guttman scaling, but the definition of scale errors is different.
		In Guttman scaling, a perfect set of scores forms a triangle of responses, in which interior blanks are errors.
	www2.chass.ncsu.edu /garson/pa765/standard.htm (6035 words)

	Age and Ageing: Use of the extended ADL scale with stoke patients - activities of daily living
		An acceptable unidimensional Guttman scale requires the coefficient of reproducibility (CR) to be > 0.90 and the coefficient of scalability (CS) to be > 0.60.
		Guttman scaling: In the overall study populations, acceptable Guttman scaling properties (CR>0.90, CS >0.60) were found for the Mobility, Domestic and Kitchen scales.
		The leisure scale met Guttman scaling criteria in women, whether living alone or not or whether above or below 70 years of age, whereas acceptable scales were not formed in men, whether living alone or not or aged above or below 70 years.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2459/is_n6_v22/ai_14736607 (1348 words)

	Functional Status - Toolkit - Brown University
		Guttman analyses on 100 patients in Sweden yielded coefficients of scalability ranging from 0.74 to 0.88, suggesting that the index forms a successful cumulative scale.
		Moreover, the scale is restricted in that low levels of disability may not be detected, reflecting its origins as a measure for severely ill patients.
		The scale was developed as a research tool for summarizing the functional capacity and mental status of elderly chronic patients in hospital or community.
	www.chcr.brown.edu /pcoc/Functi.htm (7523 words)

	Re: Reflection Post 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A scale is constructed by assigning scores to responses according to their patterning.
		Guttman is based on the fact that “some items under consideration may prove to be more extreme indicators of the variable than others”.
		The coefficient of reproducibility is 91.3% which is in the 90% to 100% range needed to be able to use the Guttman Scale.
	mtsu32.mtsu.edu:11178 /_disc7/00000279.htm (174 words)

	Sociology at University of Maryland
		Thus, it is recommended that that those using the scale be familiar with the scientific study of this concept and its complexities.
		The original sample for which the scale was developed in the 1960s consisted of 5,024 high school juniors and seniors from 10 randomly selected schools in New York State and was scored as a Guttman scale.
		The scale generally has high reliability: test-retest correlations are typically in the range of.82 to.88, and Cronbach's alpha for various samples are in the range of.77 to.88 (see Blascovich and Tomaka, 1993 and Rosenberg, 1986 for further detail).
	www.bsos.umd.edu /socy/grad/socpsy_rosenberg.html (1268 words)

	Reiss
		After administering both the male and female scales in full form, the researcher may assume that he has a Guttman scale, since these scales have been tested on thousands of individuals in various groupings and always have worked properly.
		The diagram indicates that respondents would be assigned to one of the six scale types on the basis of how he or she answered the seven items.
		Then he should scale the respondent on the scale type of the sex opposite to himself and call this the opposite-sex permissiveness scale type.
	www2.rz.hu-berlin.de /sexology/Reiss2/e.htm (1321 words)

	Guttman Scales
		Much progress in science comes from changing the type of scale used in a measurement: from `it is cold outside' to `it is colder today than yesterday' to `it is 10 F. degrees colder today than yesterday' to `the thermal energy content of this piece of iron is 0.6% less than it was yesterday'.
		As for truth: if you are using a categorical scale, you may say that a proposition belongs to the category of truthful propositions or the category of false propositions.
		If you use such a scale, you are not saying how much truth there is in a proposition, only that it is true, not false.
	www.rattlesnake.com /notions/guttman-scales.html (545 words)

	[No title]
		Questions of scale errors (section 2) and use of errors to measure scalability of variables (section 10) are treated in the context of exceptions to the entailment relationships between variables ("If X is present then Y is present") which constitute the scale.
		Although the example shows a unidimen- sional scale, MGS is not limited to data where a unidimensional scale is hypothesized.
		In a perfect Guttman scale (all pure scale types; no errors in constituent entailments) all such partial correlations are necessarily zero.
	eclectic.ss.uci.edu /~drwhite/entail/emanual.html (3076 words)

	RS 618 exercise 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Write a statement or two about the nature of the data set you are working on, i.e., secondary analysis of national sample of people's opinions and behaviors regarding elections, data gathered especially to test the dimensionality of concept, etc.
		Present the items (variable-indicators) being used, including the operational measure, coding categories, the way in which the variable was dichotomized, the range of marginals (e.g., the number of people answering "yes" to each item).
		Present the results of your scale analysis: Number of errors, ordering of items, interpretation of summary coefficients, C.R. and C.S., and include your comments on the item analysis you conducted.
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /Courses/rsoc618-719/618lab8.htm (281 words)

	1
		Thurstone scales are answered on a scale, such as strongly agree to strongly disagree.
		Thurstone scales are based on experts’ ratings of the scale items.
		After each round of the game, the participants rated how much of their performance on that round was due to luck and how much was due to skill and how much of their opponent’s performance was due to luck and how much to skill on four separate 7-point scales.
	www.uni.edu /harton/t3rev.html (370 words)

	[No title]
		Professor Thames used a Guttman scale someone else had published in a major journal on his own sample data.
		T F A scale* is constructed by assigning scores to intensity structures in the pattern of attributes among a set of items.
		T F The coefficient of reproducibility refers to the ability of a Thurstone scale* to reproduce the pattern of individual responses among the items in the scale.
	www-personal.ksu.edu /~bloomqui/exam3f01.htm (1118 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Without measuring condom use skills, it is not possible to evaluate the effectiveness of condom use interventions, or determine what variables may be related to those skills.
		The measure of observed condom use skills (MOCUS) was developed using standard Guttman scaling procedures, and administered to 106 female and 71 male undergraduates.
		Guttman scale analyses demonstrated the MOCUS has acceptable predictability.
	www.wsu.edu /~brigham/mocus.html (120 words)

	Guttman scale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A good Guttman scale should have a coefficient of reproducability above.90.
		Here is an example of a Guttman scale - the Bogardus Social Distance Scale:
		This page was last modified 20:13, 24 October 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Guttman_scale (394 words)

	Week 7
		There are several indices and scales social scientists have used such as the Likert and Guttman scales.
		Ask a respondent from a scale of increasing intensity to select the statements they agree with.
		Less precise ‘categorical’ scales such as the Likert and Guttman scales described earlier.
	www.csupomona.edu /~smemerson/nbu-program-eval/week7.htm (849 words)

	Chapter Four: Attitude Measurement
		After reading the chapter, students should be familiar with major scales for empirically assessing attitudes.
		Guttman scale: an attitude scaling technique that emphasizes degree of psychological difficulty of items.
		Semantic differential: scale focusing on measurement of meaning; consists of bipolar adjectives lying at the left and right sides of the scale.
	www.dynamicsofpersuasion.com /chapterfour.htm (598 words)

	FAQ - Chap 4, scales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Subject: Likert Scaling There is a long and venerable history of using ordinal items, summing them to produce a scaler value, and then treating that value as if it were really an interval score.
		For example, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale was originally designed as a Guttman scale, but it has become increasingly popular to score with the Likert type system.
		However, if a probabilistic version of the Guttman model seems to be a reasonable approach to your data, then you might want to know that some probabilistic extensions of L. Guttman's deterministic (scalogram) model have been generalized to the multiple-group case.
	www.pitt.edu /~wpilib/statfaq/4scale.html (1499 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Scales take advantage of any logical or empirical intensity structures that exist among the different indicators of a variable.
		Thurstone Scaling is a technique for creating indicators of variables that have a clear intensity structure among them.
		Guttman Scaling* is a method of discovering and using the empirical intensity structure among several indicators of a given variable.
	www.soc.umn.edu /~xshu/lecture9.htm (698 words)

	sept29 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		We have two tasks today, creating and interpreting a Guttman scale and creating and interpreting an index.
		Since we coded the responses as yes=1 and no=0, the scale scores will range from 0 to 6.
		Calculate the average scale score for the respondents.
	www.maxwell.syr.edu /maxpages/faculty/clhimes/soc318/sept29.html (391 words)

	What is a Scale - Lecture Notes 10-23 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Thurstone scales use an 11-point scale, ranging from 1--most unfavorable statement to 11-most favorable statement for each item
		Individuals score is the mean or median of the scale values the person agrees with
		Scale is progressive and cumulative--in order to reach score 6 on the scale, individual must select the items for one through five
	www.fhsu.edu /~lnsmith/FallSemester/Soc362-MethodsOfResearch/lecture_notes/L-WhatIsAScale.htm (384 words)

	[No title]
		Mokken scaling is based on principles of Item Response Theory (IRT) that originated in the Guttman scale.
		The applicability of Mokken scale analysis will be demonstrated in a separate session with the program MSP.
		Mokken Scale Analysis: Between the Guttman Scale and Parametric Item Response Theory.
	www.uni-trier.de /uni/fb4/soziologie/faecher/workshop/abstracts/abstr_vanSchuur.doc (153 words)

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