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Topic: Guugu Yimidhirr language

	Guugu Yimidhirr language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Guugu Yimidhirr (also Guguyimidjir, Kukuyimidir, Koko Imdudji, Gugu Yimijir, Guuguu Yimithirr) is an Australian Aboriginal language.
		In 1770, words of Guugu Yimidhirr were written down when Captain Cook's ship the Endeavour was being repaired in northeast Queensland.
		Guugu Yimidhirr is Pama-Nyungan of the Yalandyic branch.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/G/Guugu-Yimidhirr-language.htm (159 words)

	The Australian Language Family
		The misconception that there was only one native language in Australia was just one of many that would hinder the acceptance of the aboriginal people and the study of their languages.
		Their languages were thought to consist of vocabularies ranging from 100 to 300 words and incapable of discussing abstract thoughts (Dixon 4-5).
		Grey was the first to propose genetic relationships among the Australian languages and to even go so far as to develop a comparison of the lexicon of several native languages by using their cognates.
	www.mega.nu /ampp/australia.html (3299 words)

	Articles - Australian Aboriginal languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Australian languages form a language area or Sprachbund, sharing much of their vocabulary and having similarly unusual phonologies across the entire continent.
		In some languages the persons in between the accusative and ergative inflections (such as second person, or third-person human) may be tripartite: that is, marked overtly as either ergative or accusative in transitive clauses, but not marked as either in intransitive clauses.
		Some languages also have three rhotics (R sounds), typically a flap, a trill, and an approximant; that is, like the combined R's of English and Spanish.
	www.kimia-sains.com /articles/Australian_Aboriginal_languages (1167 words)

	WTAworld.com - Borrowed words in the English language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		An Uralic language spoken in Hungary and the region of Transylvania in Romania: coach, goulash, paprika, sabre...
		The extinct pre-Celtic language of Scotland: Caledonia, fife...
		A Niger-Congo language spoken in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and the island of Zanzibar: dengue...
	www.wtaworld.com /showthread.php?t=99558 (2190 words)

	The memetic origin of language: modern humans as musical primates
		Language, we thus conjecture, owes its existence not to innate language learning competencies, but to innate music-associated ones, which - unlike the competencies hypothesized for language - can be straightforwardly explained to have evolved by natural selection.
		Understanding what language is about is also important because it can be put that language is the only essential difference between human and animal existence, a difference which enables to explain most or all of the features characteristic for human psychology and human behaviour (e.g.
		Language is considered as a cultural phenomenon very well comparable to bird song culture, only more sophisticated (variable, flexible, more symbolic, syntactic) just because of the more sophisticated mental representation capacities of higher apes.
	allserv.rug.ac.be /~mvaneech/ORILA.FIN.html (11586 words)

	Terralingua -- Bibliographies
		Agnew, J. Language shift and the politics of language: the case of the Celtic languages of the British Isles.
		Durkacz, V.E. The decline of the Celtic languages: a study of linguistic and cultural conflict in Scotland, Wales and Ireland from the Reformation to the twentieth century.
		Van Langevelde, A. Migration and language in Friesland.
	www.terralingua.org /Bibliographies/BiblioMIT.htm (11131 words)

	Aboriginal Languages of Australia
		It is speculated that there may have been around 600 Aboriginal languages prior to colonization, but many of them became extinct as the Aboriginal people were forced togive up their language and learn English.
		The future of the Aboriginal languages is uncertain, but the good news is that some of them now have a written form, and the Aboriginal people as well as the Australian society are concerned about the loss of these languages.
		These languages share the sound system and grammar of the standard language, but the vocabulary is different and usually very restricted.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/june/aboriginalLanguagesofAustralia.html (708 words)

	Guugu Yimithirr
		The results of colonisation are evident in the number of languages that are scattered across this region, far from their homelands.
		Prior to invasion by miners, cattlemen, pearlers and fishers, "Guugu", meaning speech, voice or word and "Yimithirr" meaning "this way" was spoken along the coastline from the Annon River in the south to the Jennie River in the north, and west to Battle Camp.
		Although in the past the devaluation of our Elders and language has had a disempowering effect within our community, we are all working to reinforce the value and importance of language and culture at Hope Vale in the ongoing management of our community affairs.
	www.fatsil.org /LOTM/aug97.htm (515 words)

	VIEW ROA 70
		The phonology and morphology of Guugu Yimidhirr, a language of Queensland, Australia (Haviland 1979), make repeated reference to a domain that has the size of precisely two syllables, irrespective of the quantity of the syllables involved.
		I argue that PrWd structure in Guugu Yimidhirr is recursive (Inkelas 1989, McCarthy & Prince 1993).
		Arguments for recursive PrWd structure will be based on the complex prosodic patterns of Guugu Yimidhirr (in particular stress, alternations of vowel length induced by suffix, and verbal reduplication).
	roa.rutgers.edu /view.php3?roa=70 (192 words)

	Articles - Australian Aboriginal languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This is largely a result of a concerted effort by the Australian government to eradicate Aboriginal culture and languages, through punishment, forced relocations, sterilization, and forced removal of children from their families.
		However, these efforts have now ceased, and the Western Desert languages around Alice Springs, Kala Lagaw Ya in the Torres Strait, and a few of the languages in the far north are doing well.
		Too little is known of their languages to be able to classify them, although they seem to have had some phonological similarities with languages of the mainland.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Australian_Aboriginal_languages (1432 words)

	Racism. No Way. Australia's cultural diversity
		Language is a key marker of membership of an ethnic group.
		Language allows communication of values and beliefs of a particular culture and allows participation in family and community life.
		Creoles are pidgin languages which develop as the primary language of a community.
	www.racismnoway.com.au /library/cultural/index-Diversit-2.html (482 words)

	Articles - Australian Aboriginal languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Australian languages form a language area or Sprachbund, sharing much of their vocabulary and having similarly unusual phonologies.
		There are also commonly speech taboos during extended periods of mourning or initiation that have led to a large number of sign languages.
		These are typically split systems; a widespread pattern is for pronouns (or first and second person) to have nominative-accusative case marking and for third person to be ergative-absolutive.
	www.kamero.net /articles/Australian_Aboriginal_languages (451 words)

	kangaroo. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.
		Any of various herbivorous marsupials of the family Macropodidae of Australia and adjacent islands, having short forelimbs, large hind limbs adapted for leaping, and a long tapered tail.
		The word was first recorded in 1770 by Captain James Cook, when he landed to make repairs along the northeast coast of Australia.
		Recent linguistic fieldwork, however, has confirmed the existence of a word gangurru in the northeast Aboriginal language of Guugu Yimidhirr, referring to a species of kangaroo.
	www.bartleby.com /61/3/K0010300.html (186 words)

	[No title]
		There is other information on Guugu Yimidhirr language and culture, as well as neighbouring peoples, contained in this three volume set of W.E. Roth's published work dealing with Aboriginal people in Queensland as he observed them in second half of 19th century and early years of 20th century.
		Search on the AIATSIS catalogue for more documentation of Guugu Yimidhirr people and language.
		Search on the UQ Library catalogue for "Yimidhirr" or "Haviland J" or using a place name in Guugu Yimidhirr country as a Key Word.
	emsah.uq.edu.au /courses/ling7125/bibliography.html (389 words)

	KryssTal : Borrowed Words in English: Guugu-Yimidhirr (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A short history of the world's most widespread language from its Anglo Saxon origins via Norman and Latin influences to Modern English.
		There are over 100 language families in the world.
		Mayan, and Independent languages which are unrelated to others.
	www.krysstal.com /borrow_guugu.html (56 words)

	AUE: FAQ excerpt: "kangaroo" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Captain James Cook's expedition learned the word from an aboriginal tribe that subsequently couldn't be identified.
		Since there were a large number of Australian aboriginal languages, and it has taken some time to record and catalogue the surviving ones, for many years the story that it meant "I don't understand" was plausible.
		The search was further complicated by the fact that many aboriginal languages imported the word from English.
	www.alt-usage-english.org /excerpts/fxkangar.html (134 words)

	James Cook - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Cook also discovered the Great Barrier Reef, when his ship ran aground June 11, 1770; Endeavour was seriously damaged (and his voyage delayed almost 7 weeks) while repairs were carried out on the beach near the dock in modern Cooktown, at the mouth of the Endeavour River.
		While there, Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander made their first major collections of Australian flora and there were mainly peaceful meetings with the local Aboriginal people from whom the name "kangaroo" was recorded and came into the English language from the local Guugu-Yimidhirr name for a Grey Kangaroo, which was gangaroo.
		He then sailed through Torres Strait between Australia and New Guinea, again becoming only the second European to do so (the first being Luis Vaez de Torres, in 1604).
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /james_cook.htm (1736 words)

	The Mavens' Word of the Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The "Natives" he referred to were the Guugu Yimidhirr people, and so the aboriginal language he heard was theirs.
		The Australian National Dictionary traces kangaroo to the Guugu Yimidhirr word ganjurru, 'a large fl or grey kangaroo, probably the male Macropus robustus'.
		Commenting on this controversy, one 19th century scholar went so far as to say that "this word, supposed to be Australian, is not to be found as the name for this singular marsupial animal in any language of Australia." The theory goes that Cook got the wrong word for the right animal.
	www.randomhouse.com /wotd/index.pperl?date=20010614 (454 words)

	More powerful string operations
		Breton and Irish are VSO languages, for which it has been claimed that the V and the O form a constituent.
		In ordinary DCG a category is associated with a pair indicating which location the constituent occupies.
		For Guugu Yimidhirr Johnson also proposes a concatenative rule for possesive noun constructions in which the possesive is identified by position rather than by inflectional markings.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~vannoord/papers/lugano/node4.html (821 words)

	languagehat.com: January 2003 Archives
		For once, an African language (Wolof) is accorded the respect routinely given European ones: the lyrics are provided in the original as well as in translation.
		I had known that the Mordvin language included two main dialects, Erza (or Erzya; the z is palatal) and Moksha, that had little or no mutual comprehensibility, but I thought it was parallel to, say, Upper and Lower Sorbian.
		A couple of examples: evolution from Phoenecian to Latin, and language families (useful for checking on French language names: of the Dravidian languages, "Telougou" is obvious, but "Tamoul" and "Canara" are not).
	www.languagehat.com /archives/2003_01.php (8922 words)

	brief course description.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The language to be studied in 2005 is Guugu Yimidhirr spoken in Cape York, northern Queensland.
		Investigate the structure of one Australian Aboriginal language in some depth and to become familiar with studies of Guugu Yimidhirr from the earliest reports to more contemporary ones.
		Develop analytical skills through the study of Guugu Yimidhirr language data which can be applied to the examination of any language.
	emsah.uq.edu.au /courses/ling2025/ling2025.html (212 words)

	A.Word.A.Day--Today's Word (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kangaroo was the first and best-known borrowing of an Aboriginal word into English, according to the Australian National Dictionary Centre: "In 1770, when Captain Cook was forced to make repairs to the Endeavour in north Queensland, he and his party saw a number of large marsupials.
		From the local Aborigines Cook elicited kangaroo or kanguru as the name of one of the animals.
		This was in the Guugu Yimidhirr language of Cooktown.
	www.wordsmith.org /words/furphy.html (423 words)

	The Straight Dope: What's the origin of "kangaroo court"? Is "kangaroo" aborigine for "I don't ...
		I never imagined that the day would come when I would spot an error in your witty and admirably researched column, but your recent discussion of the etymology of kangaroo, alas, shows you aren't up to date on the research in this area.
		In the Guugu Yimidhirr language, spoken by the aboriginals of the area where Captain Cook's party recorded the term kangooroo (the original spelling), this word (more accurately pronounced something like kang-ooroo) refers to a particular species of kangaroo, namely the large fl kangaroo.
		The only error Cook's party can be accused of is mistaking the name of one variety of kangaroo for the generic term.
	www.straightdope.com /classics/a2_236.html (1084 words)

	Maktaaq
		The Mati Ke language of northern Australia put nouns into different classes: weapons belong with lightning while places and times go together, leading the author to quip, "Mati Ke, you might say, anticipated Einstein by several thousand years." There are three speakers of this language left when this book was published.
		In the Nootka language one speaks differently to children, ravens, circumcised men, and people who are fat, short, left-handed, crippled, hunchbacked, greedy or have eye defects.
		The Guugu Yimidhirr language, which gave the word kangaroo to Captain Cook in 1770, has about two dozen speakers.
	maktaaq.blogspot.com /2003_11_01_maktaaq_archive.html (7779 words)

	GUUGU-YIMIDHIRR language
		Get further details about this language from The Ethnologue and The Rosetta Project.
		See what people groups speak this language from the Joshua Project.
		Another reference on countries, languages and people groups is Peoplegroups.org.
	www.gospelrecordings.com /show_language.php/3325 (70 words)

	ROOTOPIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		[Guugu Yimidhirr (Aboriginal language of northeast Australia) gaurru.]
		King recorded a different word for the animal, written “mee-nuah.” As a result, it was assumed that Captain Cook had been mistaken, and the myth grew up that what he had heard was a word meaning “I don't know” (presumably as the answer to a question in English that had not been understood).
		Source: The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
	www.ponypics.com /rootopia/whatare.html (285 words)

	Citations: Getting things in order - -- (ResearchIndex)
		Institute for Language Technology and Artificial Intelligence, Tilburg University, Holland.
		In the analysis of the Australian free word order language Guugu Yimidhirr, Mark Johnson uses a combine predicate in a DCG like grammar that corresponds to the union of words (Johnson, 1985)
		In Harry Bunt and Arthur van Horck (eds.), Discontinuous Constituency, no. 6 in Natural language processing, 209--253.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/11690/0 (1406 words)

	ANDC - For Schools (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Cook mistakenly thought that this was a general or generic term for all kangaroos (and even wallabies), and this is how the word came into English.
		Later, Sir Joseph Banks gave Governor Phillip his vocabulary of the `New Holland language' and Phillip mistakenly thought that it must have been taken down at Botany Bay.
		(an original loan word from Guugu Yimidhirr in Queensland) was taken over into the Baagandji language (with the form
	www.anu.edu.au /andc/res/forschools/classtopics/Aboriginalborrowings.php?p=1 (278 words)

	languagehat.com: GUUGU YIMIDHIRR AND OTHER DELIGHTS.
		I've always been fascinated by Australian languages, but all I've had to go on so far is the Lonely Planet Australian Phrasebook; excellent as that little volume is, this opens up a whole new realm.
		First sentence of first Guugu Yimidhirr text: Yii milbi dhana gunbu dumbi 'This is a story (milbi) about how they had a great dance': "The expression gunbu dumbil, literally 'dance break', is the normal idiom for 'have a dance, have a corroborree.'" I can't wait to dive in.
		Thanks for the heads-up; I just made the adjustment in my Settings, and we'll see if it shows up on the page.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/000358.php (235 words)

	ANDC - For Schools (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The following words have been borrowed into Australian English from Aboriginal languages.
		find out the name of the Aboriginal language from which the word was borrowed;
		From the evidence of this list, which languages have provided the most borrowings?
	www.anu.edu.au /andc/res/forschools/classtopics/Aboriginalborrowings.php (278 words)

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