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Topic: Gwardia Ludowa

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	Gwardia Ludowa
		Gwardia Ludowa (Polish Peoples' Guard, abbreviated GL) was a World War II resistance movement in Poland, organised by the Polish Workers Party.
		Gwardia Ludowa was commanded directly by the head of the Polish Workers' Party.
		On January 1, 1944, Gwardia Ludowa became a part of the newly-formed Armia Ludowa.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/g/gw/gwardia_ludowa.html (299 words)

	Museum of Tolerance Multimedia Learning Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Created in January 1942 by the Polska Partia Robotnicza (Polish Workers' Party; PPR), the Gwardia Ludowa was active in the generalgouvernement and the areas of Poland annexed to the Reich.
		In the spring of 1942 the first Gwardia Ludowa partisan units were formed according to the instructions of the heads of the PPR, and they commenced sabotage activities immediately.
		The Gwardia Ludowa provided the Zydowska organizacja bojowa (Jewish Fighting Organization; ZOB) in the Warsaw ghetto with a small quantity of arms, and during the Warsaw ghetto uprising its units attempted several unsuccessful military holding actions outside the ghetto walls.
	motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org /text/x09/xr0956.html (383 words)

	Encyklopedia :: Gwardia Narodowa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Gwardia Narodowa – nazwa milicji obywatelskiej, utworzonej w okresie rewolucji francuskiej w 1789 r., broniła ona zdobyczy rewolucji.
		W listopadzie 1831 roku gwardia Narodowa wspólnie z wojskiem tłumi bunty i wystąpienia rzemieślników w Lyonie.
		Gwardia Narodowa Stanów Zjedoczonych, siły zbrojne nie będące siłami stałymi, a jedynie powoływanymi w razie potrzeby.
	www.encyklopedia.cc /Gwardia_Narodowa (919 words)

	Gwardia Ludowa - Encyklopedia
		Gwardia Ludowa, GL - organizacja zbrojna PPR utworzona 6 stycznia 1942 r.
		Gwardia Ludowa miała w założeniu prowadzić konspiracyjną walkę z hitlerowskimi Niemcami, poprzez działania partyzanckie, niszczenie transportów wroga, dezorganizację administracji.
		powstała Armia Ludowa i Gwardia Ludowa weszła w jej skład.
	encyklopedia.korba.pl /page/Gwardia_Ludowa (216 words)

	The History of Ostrow-Lubelski, Poland
		On December 17, 1942 the Fiodor unit captured the town of Ostrow, killing a policeman and wounding a few others In the spring of 1943 the Jewish partisan unit of Chyl Grynszpan was formed, operating mainly in the Parczew forests together with the Fiodor unit.
		In the second half of 1943 and the beginning of 1944 Ostrow was under the control of the Communist AL (Armia Ludowa).
		Gwardia Ludowa i Armia Ludowa na Lubelszczyznie (1942--1944).
	www.nizkor.org /hweb/places/poland/ostrow/ostrow-02.html (2580 words)

	Związek Kombatantów RP i Byłych Więźniów Politycznych
		Toteż Gwardia Ludowa w okresie 1942-1943 odniosła w walce wiece sukcesów, ale i sporo porażek.
		Gwardia Ludowa i Armia Ludowa od zarania swojej działalności bojowej starały się współdziałać z innymi organizacjami wojskowymi, w tym także z podporządkowanymi rządowi polskiemu w Londynie.
		Gwardia Ludowa od chwili powstania, a później Armia Ludowa, to armia czynu zbrojnego.
	www.kombatantpolski.pl /2002_03_art1.html (1650 words)

	The Forum of the 1.Jagdmoroner Abteilung
		Is the AL also known as Polska Armia Ludowa under Colonel Skokowski.
		There was also the Polska Partia Robotnicza, based on Polish Communists parachuted into Poland, its armed force, Gwardia Ludowa consisted in main of escaped Soviet POW's.
		AL - Armia Ludowa (People's Army) - armed force of polish communists formerly known as Gwardia Ludowa (People's Guard).
	www.1jma.dk /post.asp?method=Reply&TOPIC_ID=1625&FORUM_ID=10 (1895 words)

	Kielce
		During the occupation that lasted for most of the World War II the town was an important centre of resistance.
		There were several resistance groups active in the town (among them the Armia Krajowa and the Gwardia Ludowa).
		Moreover, the hills and forests of Holy Cross Mountains became a scene of heavy partisan activity.
	www.casimiro.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/k/ki/kielce.html (1121 words)

	The Youth Zionist Movement Akiba
		A warrior group under the command of Hirsh Bowminger joined the ranks of the PPR (The Communist party) and formed a cell of the Gwardia Ludowa (the offensive arm of the PPR) in Krakow.
		Such a cooperation between the Jewish underground and the Gwardia Ludowa was quite common in Poland.
		In Poland the history of this event was recorded as a rebellion act which was executed by the Gwardia Ludowa.
	www.angelfire.com /my/heritage/ghetto_bochnia/appendix/akiba.htm (7807 words)

	Armia Ludowa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Armia Ludowa (AL, pronounced ['armȋa lu'dɔva]; English Polish People's Army) was a Polish World War II resistance organisation.
		Its aim was to wage a military struggle alongside the USSR against the German occupiers, in order to bring about a Poland which would be an ally of the USSR.
		The KRN intended AL to be an umbrella organisation under which all left-wing Polish anti-Nazi resistance organizations could be united and then integrated.
	www.punweb.com /article/Armia_Ludowa (212 words)

	The Forum of the 1.Jagdmoroner Abteilung
		As it advanced, the Polish 1st Army swelled rapidly with volunteers from among the local population.
		It may be of interest for you that Majdanek concentration camp was immediately used by NKVD as a detention camp for Home Army soldiers and suspected polish civilians.
		Gwardia Ludowa and Armija Ludowa were the same formation - creation of polish communists.
	www.1jma.dk /post.asp?method=Reply&TOPIC_ID=744&FORUM_ID=10 (2737 words)

	Armia Ludowa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Armia Ludowa ('''AL''', pronounced ; English Polish People's Army) was a Polish World War II resistance organisation.
		After the Red Army and communist-backed 1st Polish Army captured Poland in 1944 and early 1945, Most of the AL members joined the latter.
		At the end of the war, Armia Ludowa numbered approximately 500,000.
	armia-ludowa.borgfind.com (252 words)

	[No title]
		Had the pseudonym “Bazyli.” As a representative of this party he was a member of PKP (Polityczny Komitet Porozumiewaczy= Coordinating Political Committee) which coordinated activities of Polish underground parties.
		He was commander-in-chief of Gwardia Ludowa WRN (People's Guard WRN) which was the military organization of the PPS, and a member of ZWZ-AK (Zwiazek Walki Zbrojnej - Armia Krajowa = The Union of Armed Struggle - Home Army).
		On September 1, 1944 the delegate of the Polish Government in Exile (in England) Stanislaw Jankowski formed RJN (Rada Jednosci Narodowej = The Council Of National Unity) - the parliament of the Underground Poland.
	www.angelfire.com /scifi2/rsolecki/kazimierz_puzak.html (907 words)

	Armia Ludowa at AllExperts
		Armia Ludowa (AL, pronounced ; English People's Army) was a World War II armed communist organisation in Poland.
		Its aim was to support USSR military against the German forces and creation of a Soviet controlled communist regime in Poland[1]
		On January 1 of 1944, the "Krajowa Rada Narodowa" (KRN) – "National Council of the Country" replaced the "Gwardia Ludowa" (GL) – "People's Guard" with AL.
	en.allexperts.com /e/a/ar/armia_ludowa.htm (274 words)

	: : : : F O R U M : : : : Żydzi - Chrześcijanie - Muzułmanie
		He did not explain where the GL (Gwardia Ludowa) units came from and the difference between the size of a "unit" and a platoon.
		The above books present a picture of the financial and technical (weapons) help offered by the headquarters of the Home Army, the training and preparations for the uprising by KB as well as the participation of soldiers of the underground Home Army during the fighting in the ghetto.
		In reality no units of Gwardia Ludowa were present there - communist historians invented the participation of latter.
	www.znak.com.pl /forum/print.php?t=przeglad&id=1557&l=en (1146 words)

	Wikipedia search result
		Seven weeks later, November 17, 1939, on the orders of General Władysław Sikorski, this organization was succeeded by Związek Walki Zbrojnej (Union for Armed Struggle), which over two years later, on February 14, 1942, became AK.
		The most notable movement that did not join with AK was Armia Ludowa.
		The largest group which refused to join AK was the pro-Soviet and communist Armia Ludowa (AL), which at it's height in 1944 numbered 30,000 people
	feedbus.com /wikis/wikipedia.php?title=Home_Army (3972 words)

	[No title]
		The Armia Ludowa (Polish for Polish People's Army, abbreviated AL) was an underground
		1 January of 1944, as a continuation of the Gwardia Ludowa (People's Guard), or GL.
		Its purpose was to unite all the left-wing Polish anti-Nazi resistance organizations into a common united front.
	www.en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Polish_People%27s_Army (189 words)

	Nacjonalista.pl :: Zobacz temat - Armia Ludowa (Gwardia Ludowa ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		nie wiem czy ktoś już poruszał sprawę istnienia formacji partyzanckiej jaką była Armia Ludowa (wczesniej Gwardia Ludowa).
		AL walczyła o Polske ludowa iwec żadego szacuku dla zrajców nie mam NZS powinie wyrżnąć ich wszystkich w pień.
		Armia Ludowa to od początku była tylko i wyłącznie banda komunistycznych zauszników.
	www.nacjonalista.org /forum/viewtopic.php?p=11746 (986 words)

	Holocaust Education - Women of Valor
		A Polish underground worker, Eva Pewinska, obtained forged Aryan papers for Zofia and assisted her in maintaining a false identity as a Catholic.
		Zofia began to work for the illegal newspaper published by the Gwardia Ludowa (the Polish underground army which operated in the Generalgouvernement and areas annexed by the Reich), but she was arrested in a Gestapo raid and imprisoned in the Pawiak prison for three months.
		She stuck firmly to her cover story, and her Jewish identity was not discovered.
	www.theverylongview.com /WATH/valor/bios7.htm (499 words)

	From the Editor: SR, April 2001
		The result is brain drain: some of the best Polish and German intellectuals and scientists end up at American universities.
		Professor Anna Cienciala's thorough review of a book on Gwardia Ludowa-Armia Ludowa compiled by three young Polish scholars is remarkably instructive in its assessment of primary sources and their interpretations.
		While Polish scholars often publish crucial materials, their scholarly apparatus owes much to the conditions of conspiracy under which scholarship was conducted under communism.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~sarmatia/401/212editor.html (511 words)

	Warsaw Ghetto Uprising information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		The Germans eventually committed 821 Waffen SS troops as part of their 2,054 soldiers fighting in the Ghetto, including 363 Polish "Navy-Blue Police" who have been ordered by Germans to cordon the walls of the Ghetto.
		Support from outside the Ghetto was limited, but Polish units from Armia Krajowa (AK) and Gwardia Ludowa sporadically attacked German sentry units near the ghetto walls and attempted to smuggle weapons and ammunition inside.
		One Polish unit from AK, namely KB under the command of Henryk Iwański, even fought inside the Ghetto together with ŻZW and then retreated together to the Aryan side.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising (1166 words)

	Armia Ludowa - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Armia Ludowa - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		The article below was copied, without the author's permission or at least an appropriate link to the original article (or any other credit for that matter), from this (now updated) page:
		It was formed by the KRN (Krajowa Rada Narodowa - National Council of the Country) on 1 January of 1944, as a continuation of the Gwardia Ludowa (People's Guard), or GL.
	www.music.us /education/A/Armia-Ludowa.htm (460 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Armia Ludowa
		Or else, you can start by choosing any of the categories below.
		Armia Ludowa (AL) – Polish People's Army aim was to wage a military struggle alongside the USSR against the German occupiers, in order to bring about a Poland which would be an ally of the USSR.
		On January 1 of 1944, the "Krajowa Rada Narodowa " (KRN) – "National Council of the Country" replaced the "Gwardia Ludowa" (GL) – "People's Guard" with AL.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Polish_People%27s_Army (368 words)

	People's Republic of Poland 1944-1989 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		A white encircled blue medallion: depicts a gold male figure carrying a hammer and a red banner.
		Note: the order was conferred 314 times on individuals (of which 9 were subsequently withdrawn) and 9 times on territorial units and organizations..
		Instituted on November 8, 1943 (executive January 1, 1944) as an award of Gwardia Ludowa (People's Guard) - a leftist Resistance organization; confirmed by the new Polish authorities on February 20, 1944.
	www.medals.lava.pl /pl/pl3a.htm (1801 words)

	Tajne oblicze GL-AL PPR Dokumenty: SR, April 2001
		The Gwardia Ludowa (People's Guard) 1942-1944, renamed the Armia Ludowa (People's Army) in January 1944, was the military arm of the Polska Partia Robotnicza (PPR, or Polish Workers' Party), set up to rule postwar Poland.
		In the first years of the Polish People's Republic, it was touted as the only underground force that really fought the Germans in World War II.
		is a malicious, publicist gloss to PRL [Polska Republika Ludowa, or the Polish People's Republic] hagiography.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~sarmatia/401/212ciencia.html (3086 words)

	An Online Holocaust Magazine - Holocaust Bystanders the Poles by A.Kimel
		The partisan forces can and must act at once and energetically to cleanse the country of the destructive and criminal bands from among national minority formations hostile to us, and to launch counter-attacks (within the framework of self-defense) when the punitive operations of the invader are strikingly unjust and repressive...
		The Command of the underground struggle (Home Army) is organizing detachments whose task is to liquidate 'Communist bands, Soviet POW and Jews'.
		This was another Polish rationalization, the Jews accepted to the leftist organization like Guardia Ludowa, proven themselves to be excellent, highly motivated fighters.
	www.kimel.net /poland.html (2841 words)

	Grange ghetto home page
		The Germans wanted the skilled workers here to leave voluntarily, but had little success, though they did manage to remove a number of workers from the Large Shops.
		Both the AK and the Communist People's Guard (Gwardia Ludowa or GL) carried out token attacks on Germans near the eastern boundary of the ghetto on the 20th, but the ghetto fighters received no real help from outside.
		The ZZW started to implement its evacuation plan, but most of their fighters were caught later.
	warsawghetto.epixtech.co.uk /HistVI.htm (1491 words)

	LALKAR online
		Second, the anti-fascist democratic and revolutionary forces, which united in July 1944 in the "Polish Committee of National Liberation" (PKWN).
		This Committee consisted, among others, of the (communist) Polish Workers Party which had been founded in 1942, together with its own army named "Gwardia Ludowa" (GL), and which at the same time was the leading force of the people's army "Armia Ludowa" (AL).
		Furthermore there were the Polish Socialist Party, the Polish Peasants Party, the Democratic Party and non-party members that joined the people's front.
	www.lalkar.org /issues/contents/nov2005/partisans.php (4211 words)

	lomza.html
		Another tells of the Jew Gagowicz, a worker in the ammunition factory, who destroyed raw materials with fire.
		In mid-1942, Lomza Jews that had escaped being locked up in the Ghetto joined the partisan units that functioned in the frameword of the “Gwardia Ludowa” (Popular Guard), a military organization of the Polish (mainly Communist) left.
		The Lomza Ghetto existed until 1 November 1942, after a year and a half during which the population declined constantly.
	www.hashkedim.com /lomza.html (12368 words)

	Firearm Technical Trivia, October 2000
		These were first referred to as the Gwardia Ludowa, or the People's Guards, and later the Armia Ludowa, or People's Army.
		The communist organizations do not feature prominently in our story as most lacked any capability to produce their own weapons, much less decent copies of the Sten gun.
		A total of approximately 100 of these buttless Sten copies were made up by Edward Wloczkowski and Stefan Nawrocki for the Komenda Obroncow Polski/ Polska Armia Ludowa (Headquarters of the Defenders of Poland/Polish People's Army) KOP/PAL resistance organization in a workshop at 1 Gniewskowska Street.
	www.cruffler.com /trivia-October00.html (2628 words)

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