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Topic: Gwitchin

	Vuntut Gwitchin Porcupine Caribou Protection: Looking After What's Important - Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This meeting brought the Gwitchin together as a nation, and highlights the Gwitchin's traditional, community-based approach as well as their recognition of the need to organize to fight the planned legislation at higher levels.
		The Gwitchin people, with a small population dispersed over both an international border and two Canadian territories, successfully took on the massive American oil lobby and even managed to gain the support of the U.S. government.
		The Gwitchin people and the GSC were quick to realize the Porcupine Caribou issue was one that could earn a high degree of public support without heavy lobbying.
	www.ainc-inac.gc.ca /pr/pub/ep/cps3_e.html (1552 words)

	Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation is a First Nation in the northern Yukon Territory in Canada.
		As the name indicates, the language originally spoken by the people is Gwichʼin language.
		The Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation was one of the first four First Nations to sign a land claims agreement in 1992.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vuntut_Gwitchin_First_Nation (138 words)

	Caribou Coordination
		We the Vuntut Gwitchin are one of 19 communities spread out across the US State of Alaska, and the Canadian territories of the Yukon and western Northwest Territory.
		Strategically placed by Gwitchin elders to overlap with the seasonal migration routes of the 150,000 to 180,000 strong Porcupine Caribou Herd (so-called because of the herd’s crossing of the Porcupine River during its fall and spring migrations) the Gwitchin villages still depend on this magnificent herd for food, clothing, and various crafts.
		The Porcupine caribou are the centre of Gwitchin culture.
	www.oldcrow.ca /caribou.htm (333 words)

	The Vutnut Gwitchin :[Celtic Shaman.com]
		This isolation is a blessing for the Vutnut Gwitchin, for it enables them to preserve their language, traditionl pursuits such as fishing, trapping, snow shoeing, dog mushing and hunting, particularly the Porcupine caribou herd.
		The land of the Vutnut Gwitchin is the land of the Porcupine caribou herd.
		From the caribou the Vutnut Gwitchin make roasts, dry meat (a kind of caribou jerky) and pemmican, the bones are also used in such meals as soups and stews, the bone marrow from inside of the bone also cooked and then eaten.
	celticshaman.com /WhatIs/indians.htm (1299 words)

	Yukon Community Profiles
		The Vuntut Gwitchin of the Northern Yukon belong to the Athapaskan language family and their traditional area of use extends far into Alaska and the Northwest Territories, which they share with other Gwich'in groups.
		The people of Old Crow are known as the Vuntut Gwitchin; their close relatives who lived in the Blackstone area are known as the Tukudh (Dagoo); and the people of the Peel River area are known as the Tetlit Gwich'in.
		The Vuntut Gwitchin followed a nomadic way of life and hunted caribou as a main source of their diet.
	www.yukoncommunities.yk.ca /communities/oldcrow/fn (456 words)

	Embassy Washington
		Up to 80% of the Gwitchin's traditional protein diet is sourced from the Porcupine caribou herd, and items such as clothing, home implements, and medicine are derived from the caribou.
		The Gwitchin's cultural practices are closely tied to the migratory cycle of the Porcupine caribou herd which travels annually from Alaska to the Yukon and Northwest Territories and back.
		The Gwitchin people consider the coastal plain of the Arctic Refuge, the birthing grounds of the Porcupine caribou herd, to be a sacred place.
	www.canadianembassy.org /environment/gwitchin-en.asp (851 words)

	Precontact history of the Vuntut Gwitchin
		The area occupied formerly by the "Tukudh" (Upper Porcupine River) Gwitchin is the headwaters of Porcupine River and downstream to the drainage of Berry Creek, the entire Bell River and Eagle River drainages, east to the divide of the Richardson Mountains (Osgood 1934, Morlan 1973, based on personal communication in 1970 with A. Charlie).
		Among the chiefs of the Vuntut Gwitchin recorded in historical accounts is the great chief, Zzhe Gitlit, for whom the Old Crow River was named around the turn of the century (Leechman 1954, C.P. Charlie, personal communication to Morlan in 1970).
		The Vuntut Gwitchin may have been dispersed into smaller bands during summer and winter, and several such bands might have recombined to form a larger community in spring and fall (Morlan 1973).
	yukon.taiga.net /vuntutrda/history/precont.htm (1618 words)

	Canada Gazette
		In October 1997, Canada and the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation reached an agreement to amend the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation Self-Government Agreement to include a GST refund provision for GST paid in the context of their governmental activities.
		It was agreed with the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation that no refund could be claimed before the legislation giving effect to the refund provisions received royal assent but that a refund could then be claimed with respect to purchases made as of October 1, 1997.
		It is therefore in the public interest to remit the GST paid in the context of government activities carried out by the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation for the period beginning on October 1, 1997 and ending on October 31, 2000.
	canadagazette.gc.ca /partII/2000/20001108/html/si100-e.html (307 words)

	Government of Yukon - Environment - Fishing Branch Ni'iinlii'njik Park (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The whole area is managed as an ecological unit for the protection of chum salmon and grizzly bear populations and their habitat.
		The Vuntut Gwitchin are strongly connected to Fishing Branch.
		An important part of the history of the Vuntut Gwitchin is the legend of K'aiiheenjik, the great warrior.
	www.environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca /parks/fishingbranch.html (1082 words)

	09/10/01 -- YUKON: 'The Caribou and Our People Are One'
		Now, the Gwitchin fear, the caribou are threatened by a U.S. energy bill that would open the way for oil and gas drilling in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, where the main calving area lies.
		In 1995, the Vuntut Gwitchin settled their claim to traditional land, which had been stripped away without a treaty in the early 1900s by the Canadian government.
		The Gwitchin, whose per capita income is equivalent to about $11,544 U.S., about two-thirds of the Canadian average, could benefit from jobs created by a pipeline or drilling, but they have refused to sign on.
	forests.org /archive/canada/carandou.htm (1927 words)

	Whitehorse Star Online
		There is a concern that development in the calving grounds of the Porcupine caribou herd could lead to the reduction and eventual disappearance of animals the Gwitchin people in Alaska, the N.W.T. and Yukon have lived off of for generations.
		While the Vuntut Gwitchin people have said the concern is that the drilling could take place in the calving grounds, Fentie referred to it as “critical habitat”, which he usually does.
		But Peter was also concerned with the fact the premier has not travelled to Washington to help the Vuntut Gwitchin in their lobbying efforts to protect the refuge.
	www.whitehorsestar.com /auth.php?r=37473 (1018 words)

	Yukon at a Glance - Culture - Government of Yukon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Gwitchin have maintained close ties to the land and to the Porcupine caribou herd which provides their food and livelihood.
		Today, the centre of Gwitchin culture in the Yukon is the community of Old Crow, the most northerly-year round settlement.
		Many members of the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nations are active in land claims negotiations, and lobbying to protect the Porcupine caribou herd.
	www.gov.yk.ca /yukonglance/culture.html (1312 words)

	Save the Arctic! News \| Defenders of Wildlife
		The Gwitchin Indian elder stands in his skiff on this silver-skinned stream in Canada's vast and wild Yukon Territory.
		Like many traditional Gwitchin, Frost fears that oil rigs in the refuge will deal a knockout blow to the ailing herd and herald the slow death of his tribe's 13,000-year-old subsistence culture, the last of its kind in North America.
		According to archeological evidence found in caves in the Yukon, the Gwitchin may be the oldest native culture in the Americas.
	www.savearcticrefuge.org /2005/newsarchive/100205.html (4215 words)

	IPY: Full Proposal Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Old Crow Basin is in the homeland of the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation (VGFN) and lies across treeline in northern Yukon.
		There are increasing local concerns regarding the stability of the ecosystem of the Old Crow Flats ecosystem, its vulnerability to climate change, and the impacts this will have on the health and culture of the people.
		The purposes of this project are to document the history of environmental change in Old Crow Flats, to determine the impact of recent and anticipated climate change on the wildlife of the Old Crow Flats, and to enhance the resiliency of Vuntut Gwitchin health and culture to such change.
	www.ipy.org /development/eoi/proposal-details.php?id=292 (2449 words)

	Whitehorse Star Online
		The refuge is the calving grounds of the Porcupine caribou herd, which is the lifeblood of northern Yukon’s Vuntut Gwitchin people.
		Said Martin: “To the Gwitchin and aboriginal people, this is going to have a serious impact on their way of life.
		Peter said she wishes Premier Dennis Fentie would show more support on behalf of the Gwitchin people, especially in Alaska, where Gov. Frank Murkowski is a vocal proponent of the drilling.
	www.whitehorsestar.com /auth.php?r=39238 (1345 words)

	New Parks North - Yukon - Vuntut National Park (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Vuntut National Park was established in February 1995 through the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation Land Claim Agreement which is a component of the Yukon First Nations Land Claims Settlement Act.
		In recognition of the conservation values of the Old Crow Flats, the provisions of the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation Final Agreement established a Special Management Area for the entire Old Crow Flats of which Vuntut National Park is one component.
		The objective of this plan is to ensure that the impacts and benefits of the establishment and operation of Vuntut National Park are managed in such a way that the community of Old Crow and Vuntut Gwitchin people benefit to the greatest extent possible.
	www.newparksnorth.org /vunnp.htm (270 words)

	[No title]
		When Gwitchin tribal elders asked Norma Kassi to leave her village in the Arctic wilderness, she agreed.
		Kassi makes her home among her Gwitchin elders in the village of Old Crow, 80 miles north of the Arctic Circle.
		The Vuntut Gwitchin of the Old Crow community make their home in the Canadian refuge area where the Porcupine and Crow rivers meet.
	www.ldb.org /vl/cp/gw_env.htm (832 words)

	Yukon Community Profiles
		Old Crow is almost next door to Vuntut National Park, which was created in 1995 as a result of the Vuntut Gwitchin land claims settlement.
		The Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation is part of the Gwich'in people whose traditional territory extends across parts of Alaska, the Yukon, and the Northwest Territories.
		Although the people of the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation live a traditional life, relying heavily on the Porcupine Caribou herd, they also participate in higher education, are active in Yukon governing bodies and travel widely for work and pleasure.
	www.yukoncommunities.yk.ca /communities/oldcrow (250 words)

	Old Crow
		In summer, the Flats serves as a waterfowl refuge for moulting and staging for fall migration.
		Under the terms of the Vuntut Gwitchin Final Agreement proclaimed by the Canadian Government in February 1995, the northern portion of the Old Crow Flats became Vuntut National Park.
		Of the remainder, part is Settlement Land belonging to the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation, and the rest remains federal government land.
	www.taiga.net /wetlands/oldcrow/oc_gen.html (723 words)

	History of Contact
		The native trade networks which had flourished prior to the arrival of the Hudson's Bay Company had worked to the benefit of the Gwitchin on the middle part of the Porcupine River as they found themselves in superior trading positions with respect to their northern Inuit or Inuvialuit neighbours (Morlan 1973).
		The life of the Gwitchin at and near Rampart House was severely disrupted when the American physician attached to the International Boundary Survey, Dr. Gilbert Smith, discovered a girl at Rampart House with what Dr. Smith diagnosed as smallpox on 23 July 1911.
		Seven were legally married to Gwitchin women and "five or six" were scattered around the country prospecting.
	yukon.taiga.net /vuntutrda/history/contact.htm (1564 words)

	Vuntut Gwitchin Final Agreement Chapter 10 - Special Management Areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		4.17 Vuntut Gwitchin shall have the right to retain and maintain existing cabins, and to retain the use of and maintain camps, caches and trails in the Park that are necessary for and are to be used incidental to exercising the Harvesting rights provided for in 4.0.
		Vuntut Gwitchin shall have the right to use leg-hold drowning sets for Furbearer Harvesting unless the Minister, upon recommendation of the Council, determines that such sets are inhumane.
		10.12 Where a non-Vuntut Gwitchin applies for a renewal or replacement of, or makes an annual re-application for, a licence to operate a business in the Park and the nature of the business is significantly different from that carried on under the previous licence, the provisions of 10.1 to 10.10 shall apply.
	www.yfwmb.yk.ca /comanagement/territories/vuntut/vgcha10.html (8080 words)

	North Yukon Planning Commission - Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Looking Forward - Nichih Gwanal'in is a value inherent in the Vuntut Gwitchin culture; it is the responsibility of all to work towards a sustainable future for generations to come.
		Under the mandate of Chapter 11 of the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation Final Agreement (VGFNFA) the North Yukon Planning Commission is responsible for developing and recommending a draft regional land use plan for the North Yukon Planning Region.
		To achieve the goals of sustainable development and integrated landscape management as established by the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation Final Agreement, the North Yukon Planning Commission also considers the assessment and management of potential adverse cumulative effects of land use activities in the development of the regional land use plan.
	www.nypc.planyukon.ca (389 words)

	Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation government website
		There shall be a Chief and Council elected by the eligible voters of the Vuntut Gwitchin pursuant to the Election Rules and Regulations set out in the VGFN Constitution.
		All laws enacted by the Chief and Council shall be consistent with the objects in the Constitution and the policy and guidelines established from time to time by the General Assembly.
		The Chief of the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation shall be the general spokesperson for the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation and the chief executive in its government.
	www.vgfn.ca /duties.php (799 words)

	Order Prohibiting Entry on Certain Lands in the Yukon Territory (2002, No. 11, Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation, Y.T.)
		Whereas the Governor in Council is of the opinion that the lands described in the schedule to the annexed Order may be required for the settlement of Aboriginal land claims;
		The purpose of this Order is to prohibit entry for the purposes described in section 3 on lands that may be required to facilitate the settlement of the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation claim in the Yukon Territory.
		Section 3 does not apply to entry on a recorded claim by the owner or holder of that claim.
	laws.justice.gc.ca /en/Y-2.01/SOR-2003-47/text.html (403 words)

	Vuntut Gwitchin Government Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		WOW that is a lot of students, the community should be proud to have so many of our Vuntut Gwitchin youth pursing their education.
		I am very happy to report that the Gwitchin Language class was set up here at F.H. Collins and we have seven students attending this class.
		Gwitchin Language class is considered an accredited course by the Department of Education and students will receive credits towards graduation for this class.
	www.oldcrow.yk.net /vgnlci.htm (7109 words)

	Community Profile - Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation
		Old Crow was chosen because of its unique hunting and fishing location near major spring caribou crossing places.
		The existence of the Vuntut Gwitchin people has been traced back 30,000 years.
		A new National Park was created at Old Crow Flats named Vuntut National Park and managed by the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation.
	www.yfnta.org /community/Profile.asp?First_Nation=19 (470 words)

	Civilization.ca - Gateway to Aboriginal Heritage - Father J. M. Mouchet
		Noting that local First Nations people were first giving up their nomadic way of life Father Mouchet inspired them to re-connect with the power of their bodies, and reawaken their link to the land.
		One of his important contributions is the establishment of the Territorial Experimental Ski Training Program which he introduced in Old Crow and Inuvik.
		Father Mouchet donated his slides to the museum for long term access and preservation, knowing that they would be extremely important to present and future generations, in particular the Vuntut Gwitchin people, of the traditional way of in Old Crow, Yukon Territory.
	www.civilization.ca /tresors/ethno/etp0700e.html (366 words)

	Vuntut Development Corporation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Vuntut Development Corporation (the ‘Corporation’) is in business as a for-profit economic force participating in, planning for and facilitating the creation of successful business ventures for Citizens of the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation.
		The Corporation aims to balance economic development and the natural environment while respecting the traditional lifestyle and culture of the Vuntut Gwitchin.
		Incororated in May 19th, 1999, the Corporation is headed by an Executive Director and a six-member board consisting of respected business persons, former Chiefs and MLA’s from the Community of Old Crow.
	www.vuntut.com (166 words)

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