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Topic: Gymnotidae

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	Electric eel - LoveToKnow Watches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In common with these two families and the Characinidae of Africa and South America, the Gymnotidae possess the peculiar structures called ossicula auditus or Weberian ossicles.
		These are a chain of small bones belonging to the first four vertebrae, which are much modified, and connecting the air-bladder with the auditory organs.
		In them the dorsal and caudal fins are very rudimentary or absent, and the anal is very long, extending from the anus, which is under the head or throat, to the end of the body.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Electric_Eel (516 words)

	[No title]
		ELECTRIC EEL (Gymnotus electricus), a member of the family of fishes known as Gymnotidae.
		The Gymnotidae are strongly modified and degraded Characinidae.
		In then the dorsal and caudal fins are very rudimentary or absent, and the anal is very long, extending from the anus, which is under the head or throat, to the end of the body.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?content_id=22570&locale=en (536 words)

	Gymnotus - Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Redescription of Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae), a rare species of electric fish from the lowland Amazon Basin, with descriptions of osteology, electric sgnals and ecology.
		A new Gymnotus (Teleostei: Gymnotidae) from the Pantanal wetlands and adjacent drainages, with descriptions of chromosomal structure and inter-microsatellite DNA sequences.
		Chromosome-Studies In Gymnotus carapo And Gymnotus Sp (Pisces, Gymnotidae).
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /gymnotus/bibliography.htm (2538 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Electric eel
		Families Apteronotidae (ghost knifefishes) Eigenmanniidae (obsolete?) Gymnotidae (naked-back knifefishes and electric eels) Hypopomidae Rhamphichthyidae Sternopygidae The gymnotiforms are an order (Gymnotiformes) of knifefishes that have organs adapted to the exploitation of bioelectricity.
		The electric eel may be found in the basins of both the Amazon River and Orinoco River, as well as the surrounding areas.
		Genera Electrophorus Gymnotus The naked-back knifefishes are a family (Gymnotidae) of knifefishes that do not have a dorsal fin.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Electric-eel (1513 words)

	Naked-back knifefish
		The naked-back knifefishes are a family (Gymnotidae) of knifefishes that do not have a dorsal fin[?].
		They are found only in freshwaters of Central America and South America.
		They generate weak electric fields that are still under study, but seem to be used in locating objects and possibly for communication.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/gy/Gymnotidae.html (112 words)

	Electric eel
		The species is so unusual that it has been reclassified several times.
		Originally a species in Gymnotus, it was later given its own family Electrophoridae, and only demoted to a genus of Gymnotidae alongside Gymnotus.
		The handling of electric eels was featured as a stunt on the TV program Fear Factor[?].
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/el/Electric_eel.html (271 words)

	Body-Size Electric Eye \| Issue 11 2005 \| Archive \| Science and Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Gymnotidae swim with an extended anal fin and have long electric organs at the lower part of the body.
		However, Mormyridae and Gymnotidae use their “sixth” sense for at least three tasks: active electrolocation, communication between relatives, and detection of weak electric currents inherent of other aquatic organisms.
		Several types of electroreceptors in Mormyridae and Gymnotidae (no less than three for any species of these groups), as well as parallel projection of certain receptors to different brain areas, were already shown in the 1960s by American, French, and Japanese investigators.
	www.nkj.ru /en/archive/articles/2444 (6805 words)

	Electrosensory Bibliography (1950-1999)
		Barbieri G and Barbieri MC (1983) Dynamics of reproduction of Gymnotus carapo in the lobo reservoir state of sao-paulo Brazil influence of abiotic factors pisces Gymnotidae.
		Derbin C and Denizot JP (1971) Ultrastructure of the ampullary organ of Gymnotus carapo Gymnotidae nature and origin of its poly saccharides.
		Heiligenberg W and Bastian J (1981) Specificity of discharges of the electric organ of Gymnotidae sympatric to the Rio Negro river Brazil.
	nelson.beckman.uiuc.edu /fishBase99.html (16185 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		However, other groups of non-siluriform freshwater fishes as the Atheriniformes (Atherinidae), Characiformes (Characidae, Erythrinidae), Gymnotiformes (Gymnotidae) and Perciformes (Cichlidae), have been found to harbour proteocephalid cestodes (Rego & Pavanelli 1990, Pavanelli & Takemoto 1995, de Chambrier et al.
		To date, few proteocephalid species are known from non-siluriform fishes from South America: 1 species in the family Atherinidae, 5 species in Characidae, 4 species in Cichlidae, 3 species in Erythrinidae, and 1 species in Gymnotidae.
		chubbi was described from Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotidae) in Paraná River, Brazil by Pavanelli and Takemoto (1995), and reported in Paraguay by de Chambrier and Vaucher (1999); in both studies the prevalence and intensity of infection was low.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?oc03079 (2394 words)

	Others - Knifefish
		The order Gymnotiformes includes the family Gymnotidae, which is made up of six sub-families;Apteronotinae, Electrophorinae, Gymnotinae, Hypopominae, Rhamphichthyinae, and Sternopyginae.
		The Gymnotidae or Knifefish family also inhabits the fresh waters of South America.
		Thesefish are similar in body shape to those of the sub-family Apteronotinae and also possess a weak electric organ.
	fish.mongabay.com /knifefish.htm (2154 words)

	ELECTRIC EEL (Gymnotus... - Online Information article about ELECTRIC EEL (Gymnotus...
		EEL (Gymnotus electricus), a member of the See also:
		external similarity the Gymnotidae have nothing to do with the eels (See also:
		In then the dorsal and caudal fins are very rudimentary or absent, and the anal is very See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /ECG_EMS/ELECTRIC_EEL_Gymnotus_electricu.html (749 words)

	On Some Fishes Allied to Gymnotus, by Alfred Russel Wallace
		Wallace assembled the ten into a five group arrangement bearing some similarity to the current family level classification of the Order Gymnotiformes.
		Genera 1 and 5 represent the Gymnotidae and Apteronotidae, respectively (although the former species is sometimes placed in its own family, the Electrophoridae).
		Genus 2 includes representatives of the Gymnotidae, Hypopomidae and Sternopygidae.
	www.wku.edu /~smithch/wallace/S012.htm (974 words)

	The Electric eel \| Printer friendly version
		It is a widespread species throughout the Amazon, notably Peru, Brazil, Guiana and Venezuela, where it prefers weedy backwaters and swamp areas.
		The name 'Electric eel' is a little misleading because this is actually a huge knifefish belonging to the family Gymnotidae.
		It does, however, possess great power and can produce a sudden burst of electricity capable of knocking a man off his feet - the voltage is said to be around 300V at 1 Amp per metre of fish!
	www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk /pfk/pages/printpage.php?section=articles&article_id=379 (785 words)

	William Browne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The primary goal was to utilize experimental design to identify important parameters for increasing the intensity of light signals emanating from the DNA chip surface.
		During the three week expedition, eight scientists from various disciplines lived in a hollowed out log canoe while moving among remote rain forest sites collecting fish (principally Apterontidae and Gymnotidae) for both phylogenetic study and information concerning cranial nerve innervation.
		Study was sponsored by University of Michigan, FUDECI, and Universidad Central de Venezuela.
	patelweb.berkeley.edu /Lab/Bill.html (1577 words)

	[No title]
		GAP=- ; MATRIX [ ] [ ] Gymnotidae ?
		Wiley-Interscience, New York.'; TEXTNOTE ID=1000 TITLE=Notes_about_Terminal_Taxa TEXT='Electrophorus electricus, the electric eel, is here included in the family Gymnotidae to emphasize its close relationship with Gymnotus.
		Some authors give family status to the electric eel.'; TEXTNOTE ID=1 TITLE=Electrophysiology_and_behavior TEXT='The American knifefishes (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes) are animportant component of the nocturnal ichthyofauna of Middle and South American freshwaters.
	ag.arizona.edu /ENTO/tree/eukaryotes/animals/chordata/actinopterygii/gymnotiformes/Gymnotiformes.nex (1321 words)

	Gymnotiformes
		To learn more about phylogenetic trees, please visit our Phylogenetic Biology pages.
		Electrophorus electricus, the electric eel, is here included in the family Gymnotidae to emphasize its close relationship with Gymnotus.
		Some authors give family status to the electric eel.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Gymnotiformes&contgroup=Ostariophysi (1641 words)

	Electrophorus electricus - Electric eel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Electrophorus electricus - Electric eel - Supply of decorative wild freshwater fishes - Family: Gymnotidae (Naked-back knifefishes)
		I f you are interested by a product and would like to make contact with the vendor, please submit your name and e-mail address on the form located below each product description.
		Characidae (Characins) - Rhamphichthyidae (Sand knifefishes) Apteronotidae (Ghost knifefishes) - Synbranchidae (Swamp-eels) Gymnotidae (Naked-back knifefishes) - Dasyatidae (Stingrays)
	www.nscontact.com /catalogue/-nsc-en_60_52_01_399_1_Electrophorus_electricus_Electric.aspx (138 words)

	North Jersey Aquarium Society
		Gobiidae: Any species bred to date in captivity, unless listed elsewhere.
		Gymnotidae: Any species bred to date in captivity.
		Mochokidae: Any species bred to date in captivity.
	www.njas.net /bap3.htm (706 words)

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