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	Gypsy moth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gypsy moth egg masses are typically laid on branches and trunks of trees, but egg masses may be found in any sheltered location.
		Diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses contribute to the decline of gypsy moth populations, especially during periods when gypsy moth populations are dense and are stressed by lack of preferred foliage.
		Epizootiology of the fungus Entomophaga maimaiga, and its impact on gypsy moth populations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gypsy_moth (3512 words)

	Containing gypsy moth
		As gypsy moth spreads across the state and country, there are lots of options in the arsenal to slow it down.
		Gypsy moth defoliates trees, and those trees that succumb are usually in poor condition before the moth strikes.
		Gypsy moth can be killed by certain insecticides if their populations are very high and they threaten to severely damage very valuable trees.
	www.wnrmag.com /stories/1998/aug98/gypsy.htm (1952 words)

	Gypsy Moth Information
		Gypsy moth was first discovered in Pennsylvania near Pittston, in Luzerne and Lackawanna counties in 1932.
		Gypsy moths survive the winter in the egg stage and hatch from mid-April to mid-May in Pennsylvania when temperatures are above 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
		Adult gypsy moth males have feathery antennae and brown wings and are able to fly, while cream-colored females of European gypsy moths cannot fly and have threadlike antennae.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /forestry/gypsymoth/index.aspx (892 words)

	Gypsy Moth Information - Cuyahoga Valley NP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Since the gypsy moth is a non-native species, its effects on the environment are not part of natural ecological processes and are therefore largely undesirable.
		Gypsy moth egg mass surveys were conducted in November 2000 to help gauge the status of gypsy moth populations across the park.
		This document analyzes potential gypsy moth management alternatives and outlines the decision-making process for determining when suppression of gypsy moth populations in the park is warranted in future years.
	www.nps.gov /cuva/management/rmprojects/gypsy.htm (1132 words)

	Gypsy Moth - Forest Health Protection - WDNR
		The gypsy moth was first detected in Wisconsin in the mid-1970s in the eastern part of the state.
		In 1989, the gypsy moth had established populations along Wisconsin's eastern shore from Milwaukee to Green Bay.
		Since then, moths have been found in nearly every county and the eastern half of the state is recognized as infested.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /org/land/forestry/fh/GM/index.htm (190 words)

	Status of the Gypsy Moth in Ohio
		Three Gypsy moth surveys conducted by the Ohio Department of Agriculture revealed a slight increase in population densities on State and private forested areas throughout Ohio in 2005.
		Due to increasing gypsy moth populations in northeastern Ohio, the State and Federal Departments of Agriculture established a quarantine in 1987 to limit the spread of this destructive pest.
		This highly virulent and host-specific fungal pathogen of gypsy moth larvae, is known as one of the most important causes of mortality in Japanese gypsy moth populations.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /forestry/Health/gypsymoth.htm (600 words)

	The Bug Review-Gypsy Moth
		Gypsy moth caterpillars are easy to identify, because they possess characteristics not found on other leaf-feeding caterpillars.
		Gypsy moth undergoes four developmental life stages; these are the egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa, and adult.
		Gypsy moth females lay between 500 to 1,000 eggs in sheltered areas such as underneath the bark of trees.
	www.urbanext.uiuc.edu /bugreview/gypsymoth.html (661 words)

	Gypsy Moth - Landscape Nursery and Urban Forestry - UMass Extension
		Female moths are white with fl markings and have straight, threadlike fl antennae; female gypsy moths, of this species, do not fly.
		Observing dead gypsy moth caterpillars that are hanging head-down on the trunks of host trees is a good indicator that this fungus has been effective.
		A fairly mature gypsy moth caterpillar.Note the five rows of paired blue spots, on the back, that are followed by six rows of red spots.
	www.umassgreeninfo.org /fact_sheets/defoliators/gypsey_moth.html (876 words)

	Gypsy Moth - Penn State Entomology Department Fact Sheet
		The gypsy moth was first detected in Luzerne and Lackawanna Counties in northeastern Pennsylvania in l932.
		However, once a gypsy moth population collapses, their value is exhibited by helping maintain populations at low levels for extended periods of time.
		These parasitoids and predators appear to be contributing to stabilizing the gypsy moth population in several areas of the state.
	www.ento.psu.edu /extension/factsheets/gypsymoth.htm (1359 words)

	Gypsy Moth in North America
		Gypsy moth hosts are located through most of the coterminous US but the highest concentrations of host trees are in the southern Appalachian Mtns., the Ozark Mtns., and in the northern Lake States.
		Gypsy moth populations are typically eruptive in North America; in any forest stand densities may fluctuate from near 1 egg mass per ha to over 1,000 per ha.
		Birds are also known to prey on gypsy moths but at least in North America this does not substantially affect populations.
	www.fs.fed.us /ne/morgantown/4557/gmoth (726 words)

	Gypsy Moth
		The gypsy moth, a native of Europe, Asia and North Africa, was introduced into Massachusetts in 1869 by a French naturalist who was experimenting with silkworms.
		Fully-grown gypsy moth caterpillars are 40 to 65 mm (1 1/2 to 2 1/2 inch) long, hairy, and vary from slate-gray to a sooty or dusky color.
		Gypsy moths are commonly transported in the egg or pupal stage on home and yard objects, mobile homes, trailers, etc. There is a USDA-APHIS regulation prohibiting the transportation of gypsy moth-infested items.
	www.uri.edu /ce/factsheets/sheets/gypsymoth.html (633 words)

	Oregon Department of Agriculture News and Events: ODA officials encouraged by low gypsy moth count
		This year's gypsy moth detection program in Oregon has produced one of the lowest totals on record as only four of the insect pests were found in traps statewide.
		By finding gypsy moths as soon as possible and quickly eliminating breeding populations, ODA has successfully prevented economic and environmental losses to Oregon, either by restrictive quarantines on commodities or by the loss of foliage and even trees due to expanding gypsy moth populations.
		Gypsy moths typically enter Oregon by hitching a ride on vehicles or outdoor household articles originating from infested areas of the United States.
	egov.oregon.gov /ODA/news/041110gypsy.shtml (958 words)

	Gypsy moth - Invasive species: Minnesota DNR
		The gypsy moth is an invasive forest pest from Europe that is one of the most damaging tree defoliators currently in the U.S. Aspen and oak top the list of over 500 preferred host species.
		Gypsy moth caterpillars feed on leaves of deciduous trees and are present in early-mid summer.
		Gypsy moths in the U.S. Gypsy Moth in Minnesota
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /invasives/terrestrialanimals/gypsymoth/index.html (585 words)

	Gypsy Moth in Minnesota
		Female gypsy moths cannot fly and have the habit of depositing their eggs on objects near the trees on which they were feeding as caterpillars.
		Because of the way the moth deposits eggs, people camping in infested areas during prime egg-laying periods (July through mid-August) are particularly susceptible to carrying the pest home on camping gear or even in the wheel wells of their cars.
		When gypsy moth becomes established, property values can decrease, large sums of money are spent by state and federal governments to control it, and much of the beauty of the natural forested landscape is threatened or lost.
	www.mda.state.mn.us /invasives/gmguide.htm (1353 words)

	MPR: Fighting the gypsy moth
		Gypsy moths are marching across the eastern United States -- devastating trees and forests along the way.
		Gypsy moth is kind of like a mean, big brother of the forest tent caterpillar.
		Gypsy moths are fond of aspen and paper birch -- both common along the North Shore, and both important to the region's pulp and paper industry.
	minnesota.publicradio.org /display/web/2006/03/03/gypsymoths (1157 words)

	Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Gypsy Moth
		In 1868 or 1869, several individuals of adult Gypsy Moths escaped from his house, with ten years elapsing before the neighborhood trees were badly defoliated by resulting populations of the moth.
		From that start, Gypsy Moths have become one of the most important forest pests in the United States, defoliating millions of acres in the northeastern U.S. The Gypsy Moth continues its spread, extending into Virginia, North Carolina and Michigan, with isolated pockets in the Pacific Coast states.
		Gypsy Moths overwinter in the egg stage, and hatch in April or May. The young caterpillars are fl and hairy, later becoming mottled gray with tufts of bristlelike hairs, and blue and red spots on the back.
	www.si.edu /resource/faq/nmnh/buginfo/gypsymoth.htm (522 words)

	Gypsy Moth Trap
		The Gypsy Moth Trap is an effective weapon against the adult gypsy moth during the summer mating season.
		Gypsy Moths are one of the most destructive pests of our urban forests, stripping trees such as oak, crab apple, poplars and hundreds of other trees and shrubs.
		Since the female gypsy moth does not fly, she instead releases minute amounts of the sex lure (pheromone) to attract the flying male moth for the purpose of mating.
	www.treehelp.com /shopping/product-detail.asp?Product_ID=2220 (441 words)

	gypsy moth — FactMonster.com
		Asian gypsy moths were introduced to the Northwest by Russian ships in 1991 and to North Carolina by a ship returning from Germany in 1993.
		European gypsy moth females do not fly; dispersal occurs chiefly in the egg and larval stages as the caterpillars are blown by the wind or transported on vehicles.
		Gypsy moths defoliate millions of acres of trees in the United States yearly; repeated infestations weaken and kill the trees.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0822244.html (377 words)

	gypsy moth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The gypsy moth is native to Europe and Asia and is the major introduced pest of eastern United States hardwood forests.
		The gypsy moth is found mainly in the temperate regions of the world including, central and southern Europe, northern Africa, central and southern Asia, and Japan.
		Gypsy moth caterpillars defoliate, or eat all the leaves from, millions of acres of trees every year in the United States.
	www.ivyhall.district96.k12.il.us /4th/kkhp/1insects/gypsymoth.html (543 words)

	Gypsy Moth Study
		Gypsy moth caterpillars may also be killed by a number of disease organisms including fungi, bacteria, viruses and protozoans (Gypsy Moth in Southwest Michigan, 1999).
		Gypsy moth sex pheromones have been used to trap males or disrupt mating behavior, but this is not very effective when population levels are high (Thorpe; Cornell Cooperative Extension Bulletin).
		The gypsy moth population in the Upton Ecological and Research Reserve is significant.
	www.longwood.k12.ny.us /lhs/science/project/gypsymoth.htm (2919 words)

	Gypsy Moth in Ohio Landscapes, HYG-2173-98
		Gypsy moth is the most important insect pest of forest and shade trees in the eastern United States.
		The gypsy moth survives the winter as eggs that hatch just as trees begin producing leaves in April or early May. Eggs are laid in masses which can contain up to 1,000 or more eggs.
		Gypsy moth is especially susceptible to a virus that is often responsible for the crash of high populations.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/2000/2173.html (1177 words)

	Gypsy Moth EA, Alternatives Considered - Cuyahoga Valley NP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Eradication is targeted primarily toward new, isolated infestations and ‘slow the spread’ is aimed at reducing the expansion of the gypsy moth from infested to non-infested areas.
		The gypsy moth populations and any associated impacts would continue to fluctuate in response to food availability, weather, natural control agents, and suppression activities performed by other agencies and private landowners on adjacent lands.
		Any forests susceptible to gypsy moth defoliation would be treated whenever egg mass survey results indicate a risk of defoliation (i.e., areas having a minimum of 250 egg masses/acre).
	www.nps.gov /cuva/management/rmprojects/gypsymoth/alternatives.htm (1630 words)

	European Gypsy Moth
		In 1869, gypsy moth larvae that were being evaluated for silk production, were blown from a window sill in Medford, Massachusetts.
		However, male moths are caught each year in survey traps that the US Department of Agriculture uses to monitor the movement of this important pest.
		Gypsy moth pupae are about two inches long, dark brown and are lightly covered with hairs.
	www.uky.edu /Ag/Entomology/entfacts/trees/ef425.htm (1102 words)

	Gypsy Moth
		The gypsy moth was introduced into this country from Europe in 1869 and occurs generally throughout most of Northeastern America.
		The gypsy moth caterpillars are hairy, generally dark brown to fl in color, and have a small knob on each side in back of the head (most distinct in small larvae).
		The female moth is of an off-white color with dark markings and with a wing span of about two inches, but it cannot fly so it tends to lay its eggs in sheltered places within crawling distance of the place where it emerged.
	www.state.me.us /doc/mfs/gm.htm (710 words)

	Gypsy Moth Suppression
		The gypsy moth is the most destructive forest insect pest to infest New Jersey's forests.
		However, when gypsy moth cycles are at a peak, natural controls have difficulty in preventing severe defoliation.
		Gypsy Moth Suppression Coordinator, New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, PO Box 330, Trenton, NJ 08625-0330, (609-292-5440).
	www.state.nj.us /agriculture/plant/gypsy.htm (180 words)

	Division of Forestry
		In 2005, the West Virginia Department of Agriculture initiated a gypsy moth damage assessment to evaluate the tree mortality associated with the record defoliation from 2000 to 2002.
		The gypsy moth is potentially the most destructive forest pest threatening West Virginia woodlands.
		Based upon evaluations of gypsy moth mortality in West Virginia, the Division of Forestry has developed guidelines for estimating the potential mortality that can be expected following one, two or three consecutive years of gypsy moth defoliation.
	www.wvforestry.com /gypsymoth.cfm?menucall=gypsymoth (1117 words)

	EEK! - Critter Corner - Alien Profile: Gypsy Moth
		In its native range, gypsy moths can be found from the frigid Russian Steppes to the subtropical shores of the Mediterranean where natural enemies such as parasites and diseases keep it in balance with its environment.
		Gypsy moth outbreaks can be delayed or reduced so that trees and people are less stressed.
		The rapid migration west of the gypsy moth in the United States is caused by people unknowingly moving egg masses that are attached to cars, firewood, nursery plants and outdoor furniture.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /org/caer/ce/eek/critter/insect/moth.htm (1069 words)

	gypsy moth
		Whenever egg masses of the moth were discovered, they were painted with creosote and the trees on which they were found, together with others in their vicinity, were sprayed with arsenate of lead.
		In 1934-1935 male moths were caught in Mendham and Morris Townships of Morris County and one male moth in Pahaquarry Township on the Delaware River.
		In 1936-1937 one male moth was captured in Morris County, and in 1939-1940, one in Englewood Borough.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~insects/gypsy.htm (1190 words)

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