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Topic: H2 antagonists

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	Information You Can Stomach - Patients - American College of Gastroenterology
		Prescription medications to treat GERD include drugs called H2 receptor antagonists (H2 blockers) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which help to reduce the stomach acid which tends to worsen symptoms, and work to promote healing, as well as promotility agents which aid in the clearance of acid from the esophagus.
		H2 blockers improve the symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation and provide an excellent means of decreasing the flow of stomach acid to aid in the healing process of mild-to-moderate irritation of the esophagus, known as "esophagitis." Symptoms are eliminated in up to 50% of patients with twice a day prescription dosage of the H2 blockers.
		H2 blockers are generally less expensive than proton pump inhibitors and can provide an adequate approach as the firstline treatment as well as maintenance agent in GERD for some patients.
	www.acg.gi.org /patients/gerd/info8.asp (386 words)

	Medicines - Anti-acid medicines - H2-receptor antagonists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		antagonists are taken to heal stomach and duodenal ulcers and this usually takes around 1-2 months.
		antagonists may sometimes have to be taken long-term in a reduced dose.
		antagonist is taken with another drug, such as an antacid, to heal ulcers or for indigestion.
	www.bupa.co.uk /health_information/html/medicine/h2antagonist.html (616 words)

	Consultant Pharmacist: July 1998
		The purpose of this study was to assess the economic impact of consultant pharmacists’ recommendations to physicians to reduce unnecessary or inappropriate H2 antagonist therapy for skilled nursing facility residents.
		Criteria were established to define residents who were receiving unnecessary H2 antagonists, specifically screening out residents from the study who had recurrent ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or pathological hypersecretory conditions for which a discontinuation of H2 antagonist therapy may have resulted in a negative resident outcome.
		This study focused strictly on H2 antagonist medications; proton-pump inhibitors were not studied because their overall use at the time of the study was very small in our population.
	www.ascp.com /publications/tcp/1998/jul/r_r.shtml (1540 words)

	[No title]
		antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, misoprostol), or protecting the ulcer surface from further damage (misoprostol, sucralfate).
		antagonists require dosage reduction in renal impairment and in elderly patients.
		antagonists antagonize the effects of pentagastrin and histamine during gastric acid secretion test.
	www.drugguide.com /classification_articles/antiulceragents.htm (614 words)

	Histamine H2-receptor antagonists - Pharmacorama
		H2- antagonists or histamine H2-receptor antagonists were discovered many years later after H1 antagonists.
		The antisecretory efficacy of the different H2 antagonists seems identical when they are used in advised dosages.
		As gastric acidity induces outbreak of ulcers and delays their cicatrisation, H2-antihistamines are indicated in treatment of esophageal ulcers (by acid reflux) and of gastric and duodenal ulcers as of high digestive bleedings of ulcerous origin where one resorts especially to injectable H2-antagonist formulation.
	www.pharmacorama.com /en/Sections/Histamin_4.php (295 words)

	NEJM -- Treatment with histamine H2 antagonists in acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Implications of randomized ...
		Histamine H2 antagonists are widely used in treating patients with hematemesis and melena, despite the lack of reliable evidence of benefit from any of the randomized trials, considered separately.
		Examination of the data from all 27 available randomized trials, in which over 2500 patients were entered, suggests that treatment may reduce the rates of rebleeding, surgery, and death by about 10, 20, and 30 per cent, respectively, although these results were only marginally significant for surgery and death.
		The implications of this overview are that treatment with histamine H2 antagonists appears to be moderately promising, but its effects on important end points, such as death, still need to be assessed reliably.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/313/11/660 (476 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Peptic Acid Disease Symposium: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Esophageal healing rates for H2 receptor antagonists vary according to grade of reflux (as determined by endoscopy) at the outset of therapy, duration of therapy, and dosage (5-7).
		Omeprazole, the older and more thoroughly studied of the two, has been shown to be superior to H2 receptor antagonists in all grades of esophagitis, with healing rates of 74% to 96% for patients receiving omeprazole versus 28% to 60% for those treated with H2 receptor antagonists (5,8).
		Some studies (11,12) have shown cisapride to have efficacy equal to that of H2 receptor antagonists in both symptomatic relief and endoscopically proven esophageal healing; this finding suggests that cisapride may be an alternative to H2 receptor antagonists as first-line therapy in patients unresponsive to over-the-counter medications.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/1996/11_96/brady.htm (2706 words)

	Ranitidine
		Abstract: Histamine H2-receptor antagonists are widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases related to gastric acid hypersecretion.
		Abstract: The effect of varying doses of a liquid antacid preparation containing magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide and simethicone on the absorption of the H2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine, was determined in 2 groups of 11 volunteers; one group fasted and one group fed a standardized breakfast.
		These data suggest that some therapeutical effects of H2-receptor antagonists in peptic ulcer may also be related to their antiradical-antioxidant capacity, and that these drugs could potentially be used in other disease entities characterized by free radical-mediated oxidative stress in vivo.
	home.caregroup.org /clinical/altmed/interactions/Drugs/Ranitidine.htm (3255 words)

	Gastrointestinal Medications, Histamine H2 Antagonists
		Chronic use of H2 receptor antagonists may cause folic acid deficiency, particularly if the diet is already low in folate; the optimum pH for folic acid absorption is 5.5 to 6.0 (Russell et al.
		H2 receptor antagonists can cause vitamin B12 deficiency by reducing gastric acid secretion (Force and Nahata 1992).
		Effect of antacid and H2 receptor antagonists on the intestinal absorption of folic acid.
	metagenics.com /resources/imc/OneMedicineProf/ProfDepletions/GastrointestinalMedicationsHistamineH2Antagonistspl.html (1750 words)

	H2-Receptor Antagonist's Effectiveness
		This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous long-term H2 receptor blockade in healing esophageal mucosal disruption in patients with reflux esophagitis.
		On subsequent follow up, four patients on the usual dose of H2 receptor antagonists for heartburn developed erosive esophagitis, 2 patients developed Schatzki's Ring and one developed adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
		Conclusion: In this group of patients with erosive reflux esophagitis, long term use of H2 receptor antagonists healed mucosal disruption in only 16% of the patients (grade 1 and 2).
	www.webgerd.com /Abstract22.htm (396 words)

	GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Acid Reflux, Heartburn) by MedicineNet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		If life-style changes and antacids, non-prescription H2 antagonists, and a foam barrier do not adequately relieve heartburn, it is time to see a physician for further evaluation and to consider prescription-strength drugs.
		The evaluation by the physician should include an assessment for possible complications of GERD based on the presence of such symptoms or findings as cough, asthma, hoarseness, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, unexplained lung infections, or anemia (due to bleeding from esophageal inflammation or ulceration).
		If H2 antagonists are not adequately effective, a second trial, this time with the more potent PPIs, can be given.
	www.medicinenet.com /gastroesophageal_reflux_disease_gerd/page7.htm (1037 words)

	Novel insights into histamine H2 receptor biology -- Del Valle and Gantz 273 (5): 987 -- AJP - Gastrointestinal and ...
		receptor antagonist loxtidine on rat oxyntic mucosa by differential counting of dispersed cells.
		receptor antagonists on melanogenesis and cellular proliferation in melanoma cells in culture.
		Alteration of intracellular histamine H2 receptor cycling precedes antagonist-induced upregulation
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/273/5/G987 (5294 words)

	NSAIDs: misoprostol prevents ulcers better than proton-pump inhibitors or H2 antagonists but causes diarrhoea
		antagonists compared with placebo are less likely to develop duodenal ulcers (NNT = 30 at 3-12 months), but not clearly less likely to develop gastric ulcers or more likely to stop medication.
		antagonists compared with placebo are less likely to develop gastric ulcers (NNT = 7 at 3-12 months) or duodenal ulcers (NNT = 10 at 3-12 months), but not clearly more likely to stop medication.
		antagonists are less likely to develop endoscopic ulcers (NNT = 7 at 6 months).
	www.eboncall.org /CATs/upper_GI_Rostom_01.htm (486 words)

	Tagamet: A medicine that changed people's lives
		They were based on his notion of blocking the stimulating action of a molecule (agonist) at a receptor site implicated in the disease with a similar but inactive chemical (antagonist).
		He was keen to start a new research program looking at histamine receptors and antagonists.
		However, tests with antihistamines had indicated there were possibly two types of histamine (H) receptor, one of which did not respond to antihistamines.
	acswebcontent.acs.org /landmarks/tagamet/discovery.html (293 words)

	Your Own Health Education - HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		For what is an histamine H2 receptor antagonist (H2 antagonist) prescribed?
		Not all the medications listed here interact with every H2 antagonist, your physician or pharmacist will be able to give specific information.
		Visit your physician regularly especially if you are or will be using H2 antagonist for a long period of time.
	www.yourownhealth.com /reference/HISTH2RA.asp?ref=100000000 (495 words)

	IQ NutriTouch
		Folic acid may be diminished with long-term use of H2 antagonists.
		Vitamin B12 levels may be reduced with use of H2 antagonists or proton pump inhibitors.
		Russell RM, Golner BB, Krasinski SD, et al: Effect of antacid and H2 receptor antagonists on the intestinal absorption of folic acid, J Lab Clin Med, 1988, 112(4): 458-63
	www.naturalrx.com /nutritouch/DNI.asp?indid=28 (587 words)

	BestBETs: Combination therapy with H2 and H1 antagonists of ...
		H2 blockers are a widely used class of drug, with a proven safety record.
		There is no evidence to support the use of H2 antagonists to speed the resolution of pruritus from non-compromising acute allergic reactions.
		Improved outcomes in patients with acute allergic syndromes who are treated with combined H1 and H2 antagonists.
	www.bestbets.org /cgi-bin/bets.pl?record=00353 (608 words)

	DARE abstract961017 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The authors aimed to assess the available parallel-group eradication studies with proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2-receptor antagonists, and to compare Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication rates for both classes of acid lowering drugs.
		The H2-receptor antagonist used was, in most cases, ranitidine (150 mg twice daily to 300 mg twice daily), and in one case, nizatidine (300 mg twice daily).
		Practice: The authors stated that the choice between H2- receptor antagonists and PPIs in combination with antibiotics for H. pylori eradication therapy is without clinical relevance.
	nhscrd.york.ac.uk /online/dare/961017.htm (1273 words)

	Lifespan's A - Z Health Information Library - H2 Receptor antagonists poisoning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		H2 receptor antagonist poisoning is an overdose of a medication typically used for reducing stomach acid.
		Note: This list may not be all inclusive.
		H2 receptor antagonist medications are available over-the-counter and by prescription.
	www.lifespan.org /adam/healthillustratedencyclopedia/1/002585.html (263 words)

	International Union of Pharmacology. XIII. Classification of Histamine Receptors -- Hill et al. 49 (3): 253 -- ...
		The first histamine receptor antagonists (popularly referred to as the classical antihistamines but now called H
		These antagonists were shown to reduce the effects of histamine on many tissues, notably vascular and extravascular smooth
		Although a large number of compounds have been synthesized as selective and competitive antagonists of the histamine H
	pharmrev.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/49/3/253 (4312 words)

	Chemical & Engineering News: Top Pharmaceuticals: Tagamet
		Eventually, they discovered a thiourea derivative that exhibited weak activity as an antagonist but did not act as an agonist.
		Lengthening the side chain of this derivative and syntheses of substituted analogs led to the discovery of burimamide, a pure antagonist without agonist effects [Nature 1972, 236, 385].
		-receptor antagonists, a new generation of drugs, known as proton pump inhibitors, has emerged for the treatment of peptic ulcers.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/coverstory/83/8325/8325tagamet.html (810 words)

	Texas Medicaid Vendor Drug Program, Histamine H2 - Receptor Antagonists
		The combination of two or more histamine H2-receptor antagonists or a histamine H2-receptor antagonist and misoprostol is not supported by the current literature.
		An alternative H2-receptor antagonist should be considered when tacrine therapy is prescribed as this interaction is not expected with other available H2-receptor antagonists.
		H2-receptor antagonists as well as proton pump inhibitors increase gastric pH and subsequently limit the absorption of itraconazole and ketoconazole.
	www.hhsc.state.tx.us /HCF/vdp/Criteria/histamin.html (1423 words)

	Medical Dictionary: H2 antagonists - WrongDiagnosis.com
		H2 antagonists: Drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H2 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine.
		Terms that may be interchangeable with H2 antagonists:
		Short-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-like symptoms and endoscopy negative reflux disease.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/h2_antagonists.htm (246 words)

	Short-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro-oesophageal reflux ...
		The two most commonly used drugs for treatment of heartburn are H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).
		Summarise, quantify and compare the efficacy of the short-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI), H2-receptor antagonists (H2RA) and prokinetics in adults with GORD, treated empirically and in those with endoscopy negative reflux disease (ENRD).
		Studies were included provided that participants could be classified in the empirical treatment group (no endoscopy used in treatment allocation) or in the endoscopy negative reflux disease group (no endoscopic signs of erosive oesophagitis).
	www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab002095.html (668 words)

	Editorial II: Preanaesthetic H2 antagonists for acid aspiration pneumonia prophylaxis. Is there evidence of tolerance? ...
		Editorial II: Preanaesthetic H2 antagonists for acid aspiration pneumonia prophylaxis.
		Regular use of H2 blockers reduces the efficacy of roxatidine to control gastric pH and volume: [L'usage regulier des H2bloquants reduit l'efficacite de la roxatidine a controler le pH et le volume gastriques]
		Preanaesthetic H2 antagonists for acid aspiration pneumonia prophylaxis.
	bja.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/90/5/576 (1586 words)

	The predictable effect that renal failure has on H2 receptor antagonists--increasing the half-life along with ...
		2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) in the presence of renal failure.
		Dose reducing H2 receptor antagonists in the presence of low glomerular filtration rate: a systematic review of the evidence.
		The use of intravenous H2-receptor antagonists in a tertiary care hospital.
	ndt.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/20/11/2315 (1012 words)

	H2 ANTAGONISTS - a patient's guide (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		H2- Antagonists are used for the treatment of stomach and duodenal ulcers, heartburn, and other related conditions which are a result of excess stomach acid production.
		They can also be used in post-op surgery to prevent stress ulcers in ill patients and in patients receiving NSAID (e.g.
		These medicines work by controlling the production of stomach acid via H2- receptor blockade, where they still allow the stomach to produce the amount of acid for digestion, but extra acid build-up that can cause problems (e.g.
	www.medic8.com.cob-web.org:8888 /healthguide/articles/h2antags.html (398 words)

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