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Topic: H2X radar

	Take Off variant
		As the war progressed and radar equipped aircraft became more available, the Pathfinders were doled out to the individual groups and that is where they would stay.
		The Ball Turret gunner is replaced by a Radar Operator who sits in the Radio Room with the Radio Operator (for ease of reference, you can place counters for each side by side on the Crew Placement Board).
		Radar operator may attempt to manually raise/lower radome on a die roll of ‘1’ (one attempt only).
	www.33rdinfantrydivision.org /b17/rifevariant.htm (1406 words)

	Radars - Post World War II
		In 1942 the Radiation Lab’s Propagation Group had noticed that radar could also spot storms as they were visible in the microwave region: their appearance on screens was different to those produced by stationary mountains.
		The radar experiment had been carried out using an SCR-271 early warning radar and modified radar set that was turned into a powerful receiver and sensitive receiver.
		Radar pulses were beamed upwards and 2.4 seconds after a pulse had been give out, a return signal with a frequency that had been Doppler shifted by the relative motions of the earth and moon was picked up.
	www.ee.ic.ac.uk /eee2proj/gsb04/Post_WWII.htm (351 words)

	Cats and Mice
		The only rub was that both beacons had to be received and displayed on the radar scope at the same time.
		I hooked up to a walk-around oxygen bottle and proceeded to the Radar unit in the waist, hooked up to the intercom, extracted the special tuning tool I had brought for the occasion and called the Mickey Operator.
		I was still sitting on the framework of the radar when this piece entered from below (I was facing forward), cutting the left legstrap of my parachute harness and coming to rest in an electrical junction box on the port side of the airplane.
	www.390th.org /warstories/cats.htm (660 words)

	Powerboat Magazine-High-Performance Boating (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Top speed on radar was 64.5 mph at 5100 rpm, which would have been respectable for big-block power but was downright sizzling for a small-block.
		In standing start acceleration tests, the H2X hit 50 in 15 seconds, and in mid-range drills it went from 20 mph to 40 mph in 6.1 seconds, and from 30 mph to 50 mph in 8.1 seconds.
		For a 24' sport boat, the H2X was well supplied with hardware, starting with a nav light and an Accon Pop-Up® cleat on the nose and a hatch in the center of the deck.
	www.powerboatmagazine.com /2000tests/jan6.php (1353 words)

	Second World War Books Review
		The radar bombsights that came later, to overcome the problem of hitting targets through the overcast, achieved even less precision.
		This, coupled with their ignorance of the potential of radar, were major factors in their assumption of bomber invulnerability—if not invincibility.
		Radar bombsights which were intended to overcome this inherent deficiency, proved to be even less accurate.
	stonebooks.com /archives/030302.shtml (3601 words)

	Bowman Diary - Page 08
		On the bomb run, 100th "C" was forced to abandon their run by the 390th "A" and "C" groups and elected to bomb the last resort target, rather than be a lone squadron, a decision was made to join the 13th "A".
		The 5,000 feet of altitude was regained prior to the IP at 5040 N and 0913 E. By this time the radar set in "C" was working properly and the bombardier turned the formation sharply to the right and synchronized on what he thought was the last resort target.
		Radar Navigator set up course at IP on Primary but due to smoke obscuring the target, was forced to select an aiming point to the left of the primary MPI.
	www.100thbg.com /mainpages/history/history5/bowman/bowman08.htm (8392 words)

	381st BGMA Stories: Mickey Operators
		It was also referred to as the MK II radar and, quite naturally, MK II operators became known as "Mickey" operators.
		H2X was a U.S. improvement of the British H2S radar.
		The Mickey Operator, using the H2X radar, measured the range or distance to the target and relayed this information to the bombardier on a continuing basis.
	www.381st.org /stories_howland-mickey.html (2488 words)

	was there radar on the B17G?
		These were to work wiht the norden bombsight and during overcast conditions the radar operator (who would sit in the radio compartment with the radio operator) would keep in touch with both the navigator and the bombardier.
		The other is a PFF aircraft with a radar drome insted of the ballturret it could be the H2X radar but iÂ´m not sure bout it.
		H2X was an American radar system that replaced the original British H2S systems - that had also known as the MK II radar.
	www.armyairforces.com /forum/m_77738/tm.htm (3739 words)

	Museum Waalsdorp: Radio Communication
		The German radar systems (radar =radio detection and ranging) were developed from 1930 onwards according to a standard German military development method with the intend to support a short war.
		The result of this development was that a large part of the radar systems in Germany, called Funkmessgeräte, could only be employed by the Artillery.
		A captured American 3 cm (10 Gigahertz) H2X radar set served as model for German radar systems built in the German 1944-1945 experimental jet-planes designed for bombing London.
	www.museumwaalsdorp.nl /en/german_radar.html (763 words)

	BTO, PFF, OBOE, H2S, H2X, MICKEY - Enter the Mystical World of Radar Navigational Bombing
		They were acronyms for a variety of radar navigational systems and methods used for better accuracy while bombing enemy targets during WWII.
		The next method used for BTO/PFF bombing was the use of an airborne RADAR set designated as APS15 by its developer, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
		H2X and subsequently H2S consisted of a receiver and an antenna.
	www.398th.org /FlakNews/Articles/Laufer_Radar.html (665 words)

	Timeless Voices of Aviation - Voice of the Week - William "Bill" Bergner
		With the introduction of the APS-15, or H2X radar, the lead or Pathfinder ship could pick out the target through the overcast more often than not and the entire flight could bomb the target successfully.
		The radar signals were focused on the ground, and the objects on the ground would reflect the signals back to the receiver.
		Radar was only 45 to 50% accurate in most cases, so visual bombing was preferred.
	www.timelessvoices.org /news/voiceoftheweek/031024_bill_bergner.asp (2779 words)

	B24.NET - 392nd Stories
		When the radar set malfunctioned that day, the odds were against precision navigation and the command pilot should have recalled (aborted) the mission.
		I was leading the 392nd with two ten-airplane squadrons in a new radar (H2X) equipped B-24J, No. 454.
		With the radar (called Mickey) operator confirming that the division bomber stream was on course and not apt to run into a flak-defended area, I felt we were doing fine.
	www.b24.net /stories/Keilman5.htm (1759 words)

	PFF B-24's and B-17's
		He was the H2X Radar Navigator on a B-24 PFF aircraft and was KIA over Horsham St. Faith at 0727 hrs on 1 September, 1944.
		Perhaps you already know this, but the Mickey Radar Dome was installed on the B-17 and B-24 by modifying the B-24 Ball Turret suspension, that was capable of retracting the dome inside the aircraft.
		The Panther set operator would roam the frequnecies of the German Radars and when he found one that had an active xmitter, he would tune one of his three tunable xmittrs to that frequnecy and jam the German radar.
	www.armyairforces.com /forum/m_68496/printable.htm (2500 words)

	Past Gallery — Exhibitions — HEM-USA
		This system was flown on the B-29 Superfortress both during WWII and the Korea War and went on to be adapted for use as a ground based storm tracking radar.
		The H2X was a U.S. improvement on the H2S radar using a 3 cm X band radar.
		B-24 bombers were converted to F-7 Pathfinder aircraft equipped with the H2X radars.
	www.hem-usa.org /past-gallery.shtml (650 words)

	USAAF Chronology:
		In France, HQ 416th Bombardment Group (Light) and the 668th and 670th Bombardment Squadrons (Light) move from Melun to Athies Airfield, Laon with A-26s; the 39th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron, Ninth AF, based at St Amand with F-5s, sends a flight to operate from Jarny (another flight is at Le Culot, Belgium).
		422 B-17s are sent to hit benzol plants at Bochum (99) and Gelsenkirchen (36), oil refineries at Dortmund (74) and Alm (37) using Micro H and H2X; 162 hit the secondary target, the Munster marshalling yard (162) visually; 1 B-17 is damaged beyond repair and 59 damaged; 1 airman is KIA.
		Mission 845: 1,114 bombers and 592 fighters are dispatched to hit oil refineries and rail targets using H2X radar; they claim 1-0-3 Luftwaffe aircraft on the ground; 2 bombers and 11 fighters are lost:
	hometown.aol.com /jlowry3402/feb45.html (5753 words)

	Directory of links to all things military. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		AN/APQ-13 (H2X) radar enclosed in a 30" radome X-Band Bombing Radar "Mickey" manufactured by Bell The AN/APQ-13 radome was located at the bottom of the fuselage, between the bomb bays.
		AN/APQ-7 EAGLE 3 cm radar better target definition this wing shaped antenna in a housing installed underneath the forward sction of the fuselage.
		The relative simplicity of LORAN and the fact that it could be used regardless of weather made it invaluable as an navigational tool until the aircraft arrived over Japan when airborne radar provided a more accurate fix.
	www.worldnewsstand.net /05/military/No6.htm (1159 words)

	HyperWar: Radar Bulletin No. 6 (RADSIX) CIC Manual [Appendix: CIC Glossary]
		Radar oscilloscopes showing pip on rectangular plot of bearing vs. elevation.
		Previously called angels: Delayed descent or balloon-supported types of electromagnetic reflectors dropped by aircraft to simulate radar targets; consisting of light metal sheets on various frame works of various shapes of a series of resonant dipoles.
		Freely flowing bodies, usually paper with metallized surface, of a size and shape which best reflect radar beams, and suitable for projecting into space from a plane, rocket or shell, to deceive enemy radar as to number and location of targets.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/USN/ref/CIC-RADSIX/CIC-App.html (1131 words)

	USAAF Chronology: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		246 B-24s are sent to hit the marshalling yard at Soest (144) and the Schildesche water viaduct at Bielefeld (80); Gee-H and H2X radar are used for bombing; 1 B-24 is damaged beyond repair and 3 damaged; 10 airmen are KIA.
		344 B-17s are dispatched to bomb the Horderverein (24) and Harpenerweg (62) oil refineries at Dortmund; secondary targets hit are the marshalling yards at Paderborn (11), Siegen (113) and Giessen (87); Gee-H and H2X radar are used; 1 B-17 is damaged beyond repair and 20 damaged; 1 airman is KIA.
		Cloud cover forces 404 of 436 B-17s to hit the industrial area at Plauen, the secondary target using H2X radar; targets of opportunity, bombed visually, are the Fulda marshalling yard (20) and Prissig (1); 1 B-17 is lost, 2 damaged beyond repair and 4 damaged; 9 airmen are KIA, 3 WIA and 9 MIA.
	hometown.aol.com /jlowry3402/mar45.html (7031 words)

	Wings of Valor II- William Lawley, Walter Truemper, and Archie Mathies
		R.A.F. bombardiers used radar bombing, a rudimentary method of identifying their targets by contrasting the radar echoes of water and land, to try and map out the terrain otherwise unseen below, in order to locate targets.
		Radar, in 1943-44, was in its infancy and still a rudimentary science.
		Terrain was reflected on the Pathfinder's screen in shades, indicating a dark pattern for bodies of water, a lighter pattern for land, and bright areas for towns or cities.
	www.homeofheroes.com /wings/part2/15_bigweek.html (15324 words)

	H2S radar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The new targeting radar was designed to fit in an aerodynamic blister on the belly of a bomber, where the antenna would rotate to scan the terrain and feed the reflections to a Plan Position Indicator display, producing a map of sorts of the land below the bomber.
		Problems remained: in order to display as much a uniform a "map" of the terrain as possible, the radar had to have low sensitivity or "gain" for targets directly underneath the bomber, with the gain increasing with the angle of the radar away from vertical.
		Despite all the problems, on 3 July 1942 Churchill held a meeting with his military commanders and the H2S group, where he surprised the radar designers by demanding the delivery of 200 H2S sets by 15 October 1942.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/H2S_radar (1759 words)

	Blackout (wartime) - Wikipedia Mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		These benefits against air attack are now largely nullified in the face of a technologically sophisticated enemy.
		As early as World War II, aircraft were using radio-beam navigation (see battle of the beams) and targets were detected by air to ground radar eg H2X.
		Today not only are night-vision goggles readily available to air crews, but sophisticated satellite-based and inertial navigation systems enable a static target to be found easily by either an aircraft or a guided missile.
	www.wiki-mirror.us /index.php/Blackout_(wartime) (237 words)

	[No title]
		Mission 830: 1,377 bombers and 962 fighters are dispatched to hit oil and rail targets in Germany; bombing of most targets is by H2X radar; they claim 11-0-3 Luftwaffe aircraft; 7 bombers and 7 fighters are lost: 1.
		Mission 836: 1,264 bombers and 726 fighters are dispatched to hit the main station and marshalling yard at Nurnberg, Germany; the target is bombed visually and using H2X radar; they claim 49-1-21 Luftwaffe aircraft; 5 B-17s and 7 fighters are lost: 1.
		Mission 845: 1,114 bombers and 592 fighters are dispatched to hit oil refineries and rail targets using H2X radar; they claim 1-0-3 Luftwaffe aircraft on the ground; 2 bombers and 11 fighters are lost: 1.
	paul.rutgers.edu /~mcgrew/wwii/usaf/Feb.45 (14745 words)

	STURMGRUPPE
		If necessary to drop through an overcast at a lower level, they are worth 1 VP each.
		H2X: Two designated bombers in each formation of 12 (mission player's choice) are equipped with H2X radar bombing equipment.
		If either aircraft reaches the target and is able to bomb, then all bombs dropped by that formation are worth 2 VP regardless of intervening weather.
	www.users.bigpond.net.au /Mantis/FW/M2.htm (1489 words)

	USAAF Chronology:
		Mission 783: 816 bombers and 622 fighters are dispatched to hit rail and communications targets in W Germany; all but a few attacks are made using Gee-H and H2X; they claim 14-0-1 Luftwaffe aircraft on the ground; 1 B-17 and 2 P-51s are lost: 1.
		152 B-24s are sent to hit the marshalling yard at Heilbronn (68) using H2X; targets of opportunity bombed visually are the marshalling yard at Pforzheim (11), the communications centers at Arnbach (14) and Mannheim (1) and Reutlingen (1); 4 B-24s are damaged beyond repair and 2 damaged; 3 airmen are WIA.
		Mission 811: 1,158 bombers and 700 fighters are dispatched to hit industrial plants at Kassel and rail targets in C Germany; the attacks were made using H2X radar; they claim 6-0-2 Luftwaffe aircraft; 1 B-24 and 2 P-51s are lost: 1.
	www.447bg.com /library/docs/chronology/Jan.45.html (15746 words)

	Army Air Forces in World War II
		Mission 857: 1,228 bombers and 488 fighters are dispatched to attack marshalling yards in C and S Germany; 3 plants suspected of manufacturing Me 262 jet engine parts could not be attack due to clouds; most attacks are made using H2X radar; the fighters claim 12-0-8 Luftwaffe aircraft; 7 P-51s are lost: 1.
		Mission 859: 1,232 bombers and 774 fighters are dispatched to hit synthetic oil plants and a tank factory in Germany; most attacks are made using H2X radar; they claim 110.5-9-60 Luftwaffe aircraft; 14 bombers and 13 P-51s are lost: 1.
		Mission 881: 1,256 bombers and 814 fighters are dispatched to make H2X radar attacks on U-boat yards at Kiel and Bremen and the shipyard and refinery area at Hamburg, Germany; 1 B-17 and 4 P-51s are lost: 1.
	www.usaaf.net /chron/45/mar45.htm (11214 words)

	482nd Bomb Group -- FlightJacket.com
		Unit had a three-fold mission: combat operations; to develop technique and test radar devices; train pathfinder crews.
		As lead aircraft, 482BG B-17s and B-24s usually flew missions from stations of other groups, and some key personnel of host group flying in the PFF aircraft.
		From August 1944 to April 1945, and conducted 202 radar scope and 'pickling' sorties over hostile territory without loss: 45 tons bombs.
	www.flightjacket.com /store/34page_482bg.aspx (311 words)

	Lancaster Bomber
		Some Lancasters were equipped with H2S ground-mapping radar from 1943 and later with improved H2X radar as well as receivers for "Gee" and "Oboe" radio guidance systems.
		By the spring of 1944, radar-equipped Lancasters were capable of bombing at night with considerable accuracy, particularly when attacking targets close enough to Britain to be guided by the radio bombing aids.
		Less happily, the tail-mounted Monica radar device, adopted in mid-1943 and designed to warn bomber crews of attack from the rear, proved to be a magnet for German night fighters equipped with passive radar receivers tuned to home on Monica transmissions.
	www.mikekemble.com /ww2/lanc.html (1246 words)

	WW-II RAF, AAF, GAF Aircraft Terms and Meanings used in air combat over Europe
		Could be under a Lufiflottecommand or, as in the case of von Kammhuber’s I.
		HQ headquarters H2S British bomber radar used for navigation and bombing through overcast.
		Waffengeneral A position such as General der Jagdfke,ger (and its counterparts for the nightfighter, bomber and ground attack forces), concerned with a specific force rather than a particular operational unit.
	www.taphilo.com /jg26/WW-II-ETO-Aircraft-Terms-RAF-AAF-GAF.shtml (1242 words)

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