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Topic: HACEK organisms

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Endocarditis

	Station Information - Hacek
		A hacek or háček ("ˇ", pronounced HUH-check), also known as a caron, is a diacritic placed over certain letters to indicate palatalization or jotation in the orthography of some Slavic and Baltic languages.
		The use of hacek (and the acute) for Latin characters was introduced by Jan Hus in the 15th century into the Czech language and today it is also used by the Slovaks, Slovenians, Croatians, Upper Lusatian and Lower Lusatian Sorbs, Lithuanians, Latvians and partly by the Poles.
		The HACEK organisms are a set of slow-growing Gram negative bacteria that a part of the human normal flora and are a frequent cause of endocarditis in children.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/h/ha/hacek.html (132 words)

	Endocarditis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As the valves of the heart do not actually receive any blood supply of their own, which may be surprising given their location, defense mechanisms (such as white blood cells) cannot enter.
		HACEK organisms are a group of bacteria that live on the dental gums, and are associated with IV drug users who contaminate their needles with saliva.
		High dose antibiotics are administered by the intravenous route to maximize diffusion of antibiotic molecules into vegetation(s) from the blood filling the chambers of the heart.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endocarditis (975 words)

	Recent fevers with a Heart Murmur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As a group HACEK organisms are slow growing, gram negative bacteria which require enriched media and enhanced CO for culture.
		This organism produces several virulence factors: a leukotoxin capable of killing neutrophils, a neutrophil chemotaxis inhibiting factor, a fibroblast inhibiting factor, a toxin which induces bone resorption, a collagenase, and a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin.
		Organisms scraped from the colonies are pale-staining gram negative coccobacilli.
	www.slu.edu /colleges/med/pathcase/feb97/dis.shtml (334 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Compiling the identifying features of bacterial endocarditis
		HACEK organisms are responsible for 5% to 10% of cases of endocarditis.
		The nature of the infecting organism, the particular valves affected, and the route of infection all contribute to the clinical presentation of bacterial endocarditis.
		For HACEK organisms, the treatment of choice is ceftriaxone, 2 g once daily for 4 weeks; if a prosthetic valve is present, treatment should be continued for 6 weeks (13).
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2000/01_00/harris.htm (3327 words)

	Infective endocarditis in adults (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Optimal synergistic antimicrobial terribly is not available for strains of enterococci with high level resistance to both gentamicin and streptomycin; therapy for infective endocarditis due to such organisms (or organisms highly resistant to penicillin or ampicillin and resistant to vancomycin) should be developed in consultation with an infectious disease specialists.
		In addition, to ensure optimal therapeutic regimen, organisms recovered from surgical specimens or blood cultures at relapse should be studied for antimicrobial susceptibility.
		In patients with a positive intraoperative culture, myocardial abscess,or a positive Gram's stain for organisms on a prosthesis removed from a patient with prosthetic endocarditis, a full course of postoperative therapy is a reasonable, conservative approach.
	www.rjmatthewsmd.com /Definitions/infective_endocarditis_in_adults.htm (4687 words)

	eMedicine - HACEK Group Infections : Article by Mirabelle Kelly, MD
		Internationally: Although cases of endocarditis caused by the HACEK organisms have been reported in other countries, the precise incidence of infection with these organisms is not known.
		HACEK IE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin.
		Although embolic complications are frequent with native-valve IE due to HACEK organisms, in general, anticoagulation is believed to be contraindicated because of the risk of intracranial bleeding.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic935.htm (4232 words)

	Endocarditis -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		So if an organism (such as ((microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered plants) bacteria) establish hold on the valves, the body cannot get rid of them.
		(additional info and facts about HACEK organisms) HACEK organisms are a group of bacteria that live on the dental gums, and are associated with IV drug users who contaminate their needles with saliva.
		High dose (A chemical substance derivable from a mold or bacterium that kills microorganisms and cures infections) antibiotics are administered by the intravenous route to maximize diffusion of antibiotic molecules into vegetation(s) from the blood filling the chambers of the heart.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/en/endocarditis.htm (1310 words)

	Hacek - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The left (down) stroke is thicker than the right (up) stroke in typographically correct typefaces, but these are rare.
		Compare Ǎ ǎ Ě ě Ǐ ǐ Ǒ ǒ Ǔ ǔ (hacek) with Ă ă Ĕ ĕ Ĭ ĭ Ŏ ŏ Ŭ ŭ (breve).
		Hacek, Usage, Writing and printing haceks, List of letters, Other uses, Software, Unicode, TeX, Macintosh, Microsoft Word and XFree86.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Hacek (992 words)

	Endocarditis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As the valves of the heart do not actually receive any blood supply of their own,which may be surprising given their location, defense mechanisms (such as white blood cells) cannot enter.
		Alpha-haemolytic streptococci, that are present in the mouth willoften be the organism isolated if a dental procedure caused the bacteraemia.
		Pseudomonas species, which are very resilient organisms thatthrive in water, are also associated with drug use.
	www.therfcc.org /endocarditis-8104.html (569 words)

	Late aortic homograft valve endocarditis caused by Cardiobacterium hominis: a case report and review of the literature ...
		The organism is facultatively anaerobic and is difficult to isolate
		The organism is rarely the cause of human infection but was named when it was first isolated from four patients with infective
		The organism is almost always susceptible to penicillin, and most cases of C hominis endocarditis may be successfully treated
	www.heartjnl.com /cgi/content/full/83/5/579 (1718 words)

	Determination of the antimicrobial activity of 29 clinically important compounds tested against fastidious HACEK group ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		HACEK group organisms are very fastidious organisms (Haemophilus spp., Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominus, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella spp.) that can produce serious invasive infections such as endocarditis.
		Forty-two HACEK strains were tested by the Etest (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden) method against 29 antimicrobial agents.
		Each case of HACEK infection therapy should be guided by accurate susceptibility tests, for which the Etest seems preferred for these fastidious species.
	www1.elsevier.com /cdweb/views/article.htt?jnl=07328893&iss=1&vol=34&pii=S073288939800165 (182 words)

	Bacterial Infections of the Mouth Including Gingivitis and Periodontitis from Dermatology / Diseases Of The Oral Mucosa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The variety of organisms in the microenvironment of the oral cavity adheres to the teeth, gingival sulcus, tongue, and buccal mucosa.
		The microenvironment of the oral cavity is constantly changing with the age of the patients, eruption or loss of teeth, and appearance of disease states such as caries or periodontal disease.
		The overall survival rate for patients with native valve endocarditis caused by viridians streptococci, HACEK organisms, or enterococci ranges from 85 to 95%.
	author.emedicine.com /DERM/topic657.htm (7836 words)

	Endocarditis
		Endocarditis is a life-threatening infection of the heart valves, associated with either congenital or disease-induced anomalies of native or prosthetic valves.
		Although an enormous variety of organisms have been reported as causing endocarditis, in practice most cases are caused by a limited range of pathogens.
		Once causative organisms are known, the BSAC Endocarditis Working Party has made specific recommendations.
	www.bsac.org.uk /pyxis/Vascular%20infections/Endocarditis/Endocarditis.htm (568 words)

	Endocarditis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Patients infected with gram-negative bacteria or multiple organisms are at greater risk with OPAT because their course is not as predictable.
		Patients with any of the HACEK organisms often may be treated at home, because these organisms are usually very sensitive to antibiotics.
		The traditional course of treatment for endocarditis is 28 days of an IV antibiotic(s) to which the causative organism is susceptible.
	www.opat.com /OPAT%20Applications/infections/endocarditis.htm (658 words)

	Diagnosis and Management of Infective Endocarditis and Its Complications
		Failure to culture the organism in IE may result from inadequate microbiological techniques, infection with highly fastidious bacteria or nonbacterial microorganisms, or most importantly, from the administration of antimicrobial agents before blood cultures are obtained.
		Although this organism has now been recovered from the blood of patients with IE by tissue-culture-based techniques, infection with this agent is far more likely to be identified by serological tests.
		The acidic conditions of the phagolysosome, where the organism resides, may inhibit antibiotic activity.Clinical response tends to persist as long as the drug regimen continues, but viable C burnetii can be recovered from valve tissue even after years of antimicrobial therapy.
	americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=1649 (9167 words)

	Endocarditis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Intravenous drug users tend to get their right heart valves infected, the veins enter into the right side of the heart.
		If the bacteraemia was introduced through the skin, such as contamination in surgery, an catheterisation, or in an IV drug user, Staphylococcus epidermidis and S.
		Pseudomonas species, which are very resilient organisms that thrive in water, are also associated with drug use.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/endocarditis (656 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Ch. 90, Infective Endocarditis
		Uremia is associated with an increased incidence of culture-negative endocarditis.
		The pathophysiology of infective endocarditis is due to the body's reaction to the infection: the development of antibodies to the foreign protein of the organism, with resultant immune complex disease; systemic emboli; and valvular disruption and regurgitation.
		Large emboli obstructing large arteries, such as the external iliac, superficial femoral, and brachial arteries, are characteristic of endocarditis caused by fungi or HACEK organisms (Haemophilus parainfluenzae, H. aphrophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingae).
	www.merck.com /pubs/mm_geriatrics/sec11/ch90.htm (1573 words)

	Clinical Case 6
		Acute endocarditis is a destructive infection caused by highly virulent organisms and usually affecting previously normal valves although deformed valves may also be attacked.
		The symptoms vary greatly and are dependent on many factors including the infecting organism, where the focus of infections lies, the patient's age and overall health status etc. Some of the most common presenting symptoms include: fever, heart murmur, chills, weight loss, backache, headache, splenomegaly, and skin lesions, including splinter hemorrhages under the nails.
		Certainly the ability to survive in the blood prior to colonization of heart valves is important as is the ability to attach to damaged valves of the heart.
	www.sci.ccny.cuny.edu /~lima/case6.html (1187 words)

	Two patients, aged 18 and 22 years presented with features of infective endocarditis (IE). (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Extra-cardiac endothelium also can be colonized by micro organisms (endarteritis) and produces a clinical syndrome indistinguishable from that of IE Endocarditis historically has been classified as acute or subacute on the basis of the clinical course as observed before availability of antimicrobial therapy.
		HACEK organisms produce endocarditis with subacute presentation and large vegetations and are difficult to isolate from blood.
		Positive blood cultures not meeting the major criterion (excluding single culture positive for organisms that do not typically cause endocarditis) or serologic evidence of active infection with an organism that causes endocarditis.
	www.indegene.com /Car/ClinRound/indCarCaseEndocar.html (3374 words)

	Endocarditis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This CNS organism tends to cause a substantially more virulent form of IE than other CNS, with high rates of perivalvular extension of infection and metastatic seeding to distant organs, despite uniform susceptibility in vitro to most antibiotics.
		Most experts recommend that IE caused by this organism be treated with standard regimens based on the in vitro susceptibility profiles of the strain and that the patient be monitored carefully for development of periannular extension or extracardiac spread of infection.
		The organism is resistant to desiccation; inhalation of aerosols of contaminated soil is the major mode of transmission, although ingestion of infected unpasteurized milk may also transmit the disease.
	www.stephenmillermd.com /mdEndocarditis.htm (7465 words)

	Section 7 Chapter XVIII Infective Endocarditis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Recovery of the causative organism from the blood of these previously treated patients may often be accomplished by repeating blood cultures several days after antibiotics have been discontinued, but some patients remain persistently blood culture negative.
		The outlook depends largely on the promptness of diagnosis and initiation of therapy, the nature of the infecting organism, the presence of comorbid conditions, and the development of cardiac and neurologic complications.
		Endocarditis caused by gram-negative bacilli other than HACEK organisms or caused by yeasts is difficult to cure despite optimal antimicrobial therapy and aggressive surgical intervention.
	www.acpmedicine.com /sam/chapters/ch0718.htm (13249 words)

	Treatment of Infective Endocarditis -- Kaye 124 (6): 606 -- Annals of Internal Medicine
		organisms are responsible for as many as 10% of cases of endocarditis.
		organisms have become resistant to ampicillin by acquiring the
		Antibiotic treatment of adults with infective endocarditis due to streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, and HACEK microorganisms.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/124/6/606 (1479 words)

	Hemophilia
		Staphylococci, gram-negative bacilli and Candida are common infecting organisms.
		Staphylococcus epidermidis, alpha-hemolytic streptococci and enterococci are common infecting organisms.
		The infection is caused by resistant organisms, e.g., fungus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
	webpages.charter.net /saabrio/ID_Infective_Endocarditis.htm (1636 words)

	MACROLIDES, TETRACYCLINES, AND SULFONAMIDES
		Streptococci and staphylococci are organisms commonly causing endocarditis have the ability to adhere to endocardial surfaces more than gram negative organisms.
		The ease of bacteriologic cure generally tends to be related to the degree of antibiotic susceptibility of the infecting organism.
		Not routinely used, but may be helpful when response to treatment is suboptimal, endocarditis is due to an unusual organism, or when unconventional treatment is used.
	www.uic.edu /pharmacy/courses/pmpr342/teichner/endocarditis.html (2065 words)

	Infective Endocarditis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		When fever, a regurgitant heart murmur, vascular skin lesions, weight loss, and splenomegaly are present in a patient what has risk factors for endocarditis, the physician should consider the diagnosis and collect three blood cultures within 24 hours.
		Negative blood cultures (culture-negative endocarditis) or cultures that produce an organism not usually associated with endocarditis pose a diagnostic problem.
		Higher doses of penicillin are recommended when the MIC is greater than 0,5 micrograms/ml or the organism is an enterococcus.
	www.helenacardiology.com /infective_endocarditis.htm (1705 words)

	Bacteriology - gram negative bacilli & cocci
		I'm interested in ASM's opinion regarding prophylaxis of family members when the organism is recovered from the respiratory tract.
		i'm looking for an organism with these clues: causes bacteremia, wound infection, gram-negative, curved rods, sensitive to tetracycline and fluoroquinolones, possibly acquired from swimming, some published reports of penicillin susceptibility.
		Is e coli acid negative or acid positive and gas negative or gas positive in glucose, lactose and sucrose fermentation.
	www.asm.org /Division/c/askit/bacteriologygram-.htm (1252 words)

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