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	F1 Nutter - Formula One - Head And Neck Support (HANS Device)
		With HANS, forces stretching the neck in a frontal collision are reduced by more than 80 percent by tethers from the driver's helmet to the HANS collar, behind the driver's helmet.
		The device has been worn by a number of drivers in testing sessions, and both Sauber drivers were due to debut HANS in the 2002 Italian Grand Prix, but only used it in practice.
		The HANS device marks a major step forward in safety for many forms of motor sport, and won the Louis Schwitzer Award, as voted by a committee of seven members of the Society of Automotive Engineers, and two representatives from the Indy Racing League technical department.
	www.f1nutter.co.uk /tech/hans_device.php (338 words)

	Champ Car > HANS Device
		The HANS Device supports the head and neck, and reduces the extreme head motions, in effect reducing the loads on the neck.
		HANS tether is attached from the HANS collar to both sides of the driver’s helmet.
		The arrows indicate the scale of forces between the head and neck with and without the HANS Device.
	www.champcarworldseries.com /Tech/HANS_Device.asp (151 words)

	Howstuffworks "How NASCAR Safety Works"
		This device was co-developed by Dr. Robert Hubbard, a professor of engineering at Michigan State University, and his brother-in-law, former IMSA car driver Jim Downing.
		The HANS device is designed to reduce the chance of injury caused by unrestrained movement of the head during crashes.
		The HANS device is a semi-hard collar made of carbon fiber and Kevlar, and it is held onto the upper body by a harness worn by the driver.
	auto.howstuffworks.com /nascar-safety4.htm (417 words)

	Auto Racing Belts and harnesses - Sabelt Belts and Harnesses
		If your shoulder belts will not stay securely over the device when you are firmly belted in chances are that you do not have the shoulder belt mounts properly located in your chassis.
		HANS® devices are made with similar materials and resins.
		Further, we recommend a user replaces their HANS® device if it is involved in an accident or shows any signs of structural damage.
	www.teamdi.com /hansfaq.html (873 words)

	HANS Device FAQ's - Authorized HANS Installers - Speedware Motorsports
		This section is designed to provide both education and information about HANS® Devices, the phenomenal safety that they provide and, importantly, the correct usage and F.A.Q.s about the HANS® Devices.
		The HANS® device can be worn in virtually any vehicle (not just cars) that uses two shoulder belts as part of the driver restraint harness.
		HANS® devices should be kept clean and dry.
	www.speedwaremotorsports.com /helmet/helmetHansFAQ.asp (1033 words)

	Hans Device
		HANS® device was invented by Robert Hubbard, PhD., Professor, College of Engineering at Michigan State University in collaboration with his brother-in-law, long-time IMSA sports car driver, Jim Downing.
		The objective was to reduce the chance of serious injury caused by the violent movement of the unrestrained head and helmet combination in an accident.
		The device is worn on the upper body under the shoulder straps.
	www.racerpartswholesale.com /hansdev.htm (545 words)

	Team McLaren Mercedes - Feature: HANS DEVICE
		Standing for Head and Neck Support system, the HANS device works in conjunction with the driver's helmet and seatbelts to drastically reduce the forces exerted on a the head and neck during an accident.
		The HANS device fits snugly over the driver's shoulders with the tall, central part directly behind his helmet.
		Simple and effective, but the precise size, and shape of the HANS device, and the position of the helmet anchors (located around the head's centre of gravity to ensure any forces are spread evenly), are the result of many years development.
	www.mclaren.com /features/technical/hans_device.php (600 words)

	AutoRacing1.com - NASCAR Good O'l Boys Page
		Hubbard was granted a US Patent on the HANS® in 1987 and received a second patent this year with overseas right applied for, and the next logical step after the successful crash testing was to present the product to the racing world as a safety product.
		Working with Mercedes Benz, Hubbard Downing, Inc worked to reduce the HANS® into a smaller unit, primarily working to restrain the head in a forward motion impact, since the cockpit of the Formula 1 cars could be reconfigured with padding to minimize the side-to-side and backward motion of the head.
		The Mercedes effort to test the HANS® was such an extensive undertaking; it was instrumental in Formula 1 mandating the use of the HANS® for the 2001-racing season.
	www.autoracing1.com /GoodBoys/001107hans2.htm (2414 words)

	Your Safety
		device reduces the whipping action of the head and keeps the driver's head from being pulled away from their upper body.
		In a test, devices are fitted to a crash dummy in a dynamic crash sled configured to replicate a racecar environment.
		For a device to "pass" the first time, the dummy's neck tension and compression, must be less than 720 lbf (3,200 N) is all tests.
	racing-stuff.com /your_safety.htm (563 words)

	Jayski's® Silly Season Site - Head and Neck Restraints
		The two were recognized for the invention and continual development of the head and neck safety (HANS) device, designed to prevent the type of whiplash that caused the deaths of NASCAR drivers Kenny Irwin, Adam Petty and Dale Earnhardt.
		The Head And Neck Support (HANS) device was designed to lessen the pressure on the most vulnerable part of the body -- the neck and base of the skull -- in the type of crashes that killed Earnhardt and three other NASCAR drivers in the past year.
		HANS is a rigid collar-shaped carbon fiber shell that is held onto the upper body by seat belts and is fastened to the helmet with flexible nylon tethers attached to both sides of the helmet.
	www.jayski.com /pages/restraint.htm (11101 words)

	The inventions of captain hans coler
		This device called the magnetromapparata was invented in 1933.
		The device consisted of permanent magnets of steel,copper coils and capacitors in a special holding arrangement.
		The device incorporated six steel magnets in a six sided arrangement where the magnets were connected in series with the coils of about.33 ohm resistance to form part of the circuit.
	www.angelfire.com /ak5/energy21/hanscoler.htm (415 words)

	HANS device - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Therefore, the HANS device is secured with the body of the driver, not the seat.
		The device was designed in the early 1980s by Dr. Robert Hubbard, a professor of biomechanical engineering at Michigan State University.
		In NASCAR the device became the exclusive head and neck safety device used in 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/HANS_device (604 words)

	GMP RACE WEAR & ACCESSORIES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		With a device specifically chosen to fit you and your vehicle, using the HANS® is as simple as wearing your helmet and putting your shoulder belts on over the device when you buckle up.
		The sole connection of the HANS® to the driver is on the helmet.
		The HANS DEVICE is designed to work with any Helmet that is approved for use with the HANS DEVICE such as Bell K1SV Ultra and Arai GP5 and Arai GP5K which come with either pre drilled holes for the tethers or in the case of Bell helmets the tethers are factory fitted.
	www.gmpracingproducts.com.au /hans.html (304 words)

	OW News-HANS DEVICE Getting Respect
		The helmet is tethered to the HANS to restrict head motion both forward and side to side reducing fatigue and neck loads.
		Veteran open-wheel driver and former Fittpaldi teammate Michael Andretti remembers using the HANS device during a test session in 1989 at Pocono Raceway.
		Experiments are conducted using video-based motion measurement, multi-axis force transducers, surface electromyography and body contour measuring devices to capture the body's posture, loading, physiological activity and surface in seated postures and environments.
	www.220mph.com /own/hans_device.htm (2597 words)

	USATODAY.com - Drivers remain wary of HANS device's effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The HANS device, short for the Head and Neck Support, has been the buzzword since Dale Earnhardt was killed in a wreck in the Daytona 500 on Sunday.
		The U-shaped device is designed to protect drivers from head and neck injuries, but many find it too bulky and uncomfortable and still have too many questions about it to use it in Sunday's race at North Carolina Speedway.
		In the meantime, trainers with the rehabilitation branch of Motor Racing Outreach were working with the 14 drivers who have the HANS device this weekend to make it as comfortable as possible.
	www.usatoday.com /sports/motor/nascar/2001-02-24-hans.htm (770 words)

	HANS Devices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The HANS Device was developed with the objective of preventing the skull from breaking at the point where it joins the upper spine (aka, Basalar Skull Fracture).
		The tethers restrain the head’s forward movement, while the torso and HANS Device are restrained by the shoulder harnesses, dramatically reducing excessive head motion and neck injury.
		HANS publishes only data collected from independent studies and unlike their competitors, does not publish in-house test results.
	www.ltbmotorsport.com /hansdevices.html (362 words)

	rpm.espn.com: HANS wins Louis Schwitzer Award
		The safety device is designed to reduce the occurrence of basal skull fractures experienced by racing drivers during high-speed crashes.
		The safety device consists of a yoke that fits around the driver's shoulders and is held tightly to the chest by the vehicle's shoulder harness.
		The HANS Device limits the movement of the head relative to the torso during impact, significantly reducing the loads on the neck and the base of the skull and reducing the accelerations of the head.
	espn.go.com /rpm/2001/0518/1201288.html (728 words)

	HANS Device - Message Board - ezboard.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		These are orange tethers that when pulled release the HANS device from the helmet.
		HANS recommends that the inside distance between the belts be no more than 3 inches apart and be 1" below horizontal (shoulders).
		There is a quick fix for installation of the shoulder straps for use with the Hans to meet the 3" requirement.
	p214.ezboard.com /fdiasiofrm7.showMessage?topicID=8.topic (700 words)

	Hans Device
		For comfort the HANS® should match the angle of your seatback.
		The width of the HANS® collar is sized to fit your neck or shirt collar size.
		The HANS® attaches to your helmet via two metal anchors.
	www.theracedepot.com /product28.htm (313 words)

	Added Protection - Tech Articles - Stock Car Racing Magazine
		The main function of both the HANS and Hutchens devices is to limit the amount of “stretch” in the head and neck areas in the event of a crash.
		The HANS device requires drivers to send their helmets to Hubbard/Downing, manufacturer of the HANS, for the clip attachment to be installed.
		The Hutchens device is a system of straps worn outside of the driver’s suit tethered with a quick-release mechanism attached to D-rings on the helmet and a positive anchor point that attaches into the seatbelt.
	www.stockcarracing.com /techarticles/59958_adding_protection_head_neck (1849 words)

	::: DRO ::: Tech Section - Q & A: The HANS Device - 5/10/05
		We received a letter from a Sportsman racer concerning the HANS device.
		However, I have a question/comment that needs to be "passed on" or at least discussed regarding safety, specifically the HANS device for use by sportsmen racers.
		The "strap devices" (Hutchens, D Cell, and R3) require that the tethers going to the helmet be very taut to work properly and do indeed inhibit side movement.
	www.dragracingonline.com /technical/vii_5-hansQandA-1.html (589 words)

	HANS (DEVICE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The HANS Head and Neck Support was invented in the mid-1980's by Dr. Robert Hubbard, a biomechanical engineering professor at Michigan State University.
		The HANS Device is the most important piece of safety equipment since the seat belt.
		The HANS Device is available in several models to fit the driver's reclined, semi-reclined, or upright seating position.
	www.northstarmotorsports.com /hans.html (326 words)

	The History Of The HANS Device As Told By Dr. Bob Hubbard by Marty Tyler - CATCHFENCE.com - NASCAR, NNCS, NBS, CTS, ...
		So, these tests of the HANS Device with these dummies and crash sleds at Wayne State in '89 were the first tests of any kind in racing safety with a sled and they were very successful.
		The device we had wasn't actually comfortable for Jeff because he is smaller and it hit him in the arms and so on.
		They were pushing the drivers to wear the HANS Device basically in response to the crashes they had had the previous summer.
	www.catchfence.com /html/2006/mt032706.html (2788 words)

	HANS Device - Ultimatecarpage.com forums
		HANS in rallying is to me the ultimate stupidity - a rally driver HAS to have large rotational neck movement to comepte safely.
		Also, it was also widely discussed at the time that HANS prevented basal skull injury BUT that the forces it then "saved" the driver from didn't protect their life as the internal organs would rupture under those forces.
		Therefore, the HANS may be part of the answer, but there is also a need to reduce impact severity in frontal contact with the wall.
	www.ultimatecarpage.com /forum/showthread.php?t=21795 (3027 words)

	Sports: Wells leads push for safety device
		HANS co-developer Robert Hubbard, a professor of biomechanical engineering at Michigan State, believes the device designed to stabilize the head in a hard crash is well worth the wait.
		Another issue surrounding the HANS is that drivers have to unhook their helmets from two straps.
		From air bags to crash data recorders, the HANS is one possible safety option being tested and developed.
	www.sptimes.com /News/022101/Sports/Wells_leads_push_for_.shtml (760 words)

	Hans - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hans (surname), a Jatt surname from Punjab regions of India and Pakistan.
		Note: most rulers named Hans are known as John in English-speaking countries, e.g.
		Hans Moleman, a recurring character from The Simpsons
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hans (151 words)

	RacingOne - Nascar Racing: Auto Racing, Nascar News, Racing News, Nascar Online, Nascar 2006, Nascar Drivers, Nascar, ...
		Knowledge of the HANS system had existed in CART for some time; current chief steward Kirk Russell had attended one of the crash tests in the early development stages.
		HANS has been mandated for every oval in CART in 2001 and it is recommended for the road courses.
		While HANS may not be the solution, it is certainly a step in the right direction.
	www.racingone.com /article.aspx?artnum=5784 (1798 words)

	HANS® Device Featured at 5th World Congress of Biomechanics
		Atlanta, Georgia (PRWEB) August 4, 2006 -- HANS Performance Products, known for the internationally award winning head and neck restraint, the HANS Device, was featured today at the 5th World Congress of Biomechanics in Munich, Germany.
		Hubert Gramling, a Safety Consultant to the FIA Institute for Motorsports Safety, presented an update on HANS Device performance, that he co-authored with Bob Hubbard, to congress members from around the world.
		The acronym HANS and its derivative styles (uppercase, lowercase, logo, etc. is a trademark, registered in the US and other countries worldwide to Hubbard/Downing, Inc., d/b/a HANS Performance Products, Atlanta, Georgia.
	www.prweb.com /releases/2006/8/prweb419674.htm (455 words)

	::: DRO ::: Tech Section - Saving Your Neck - 5/10/05
		Some drivers I consider friends and some are acquaintances, but without a HANS device all are taking an unnecessary chance with their life and family.
		When asked, some drivers said they felt uncomfortable wearing a HANS Device, and some thought it would limit their ability to get out of a burning funny car hatch.
		NOTE: See Q and A: The HANS Device for some questions and answers about use of the HANS Device.
	www.dragracingonline.com /technical/vii_5-hans-1.html (396 words)

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