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Topic: HDL

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	Hardware description language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In this case, HDL specifies a model for the expected behaviour of a circuit before that circuit is designed and built.
		An HDL program may be tested in hardware, such as by uploading it into a programmable logic device or even by producing a chip based on its specification.
		An HDL compiler often works in several stages, first producing a logic description file in a proprietary format, then converting that to a logic description file in the industry-standard EDIF format, then converting that to a JEDEC-format file.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hardware_description_language (861 words)

	High density lipoprotein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		High density lipoproteins (HDL) form a class of lipoproteins, varying somewhat in their size and contents, that carry cholesterol from the body's tissues to the liver.
		Because HDL can remove cholesterol from atheroma within arteries, and transport it back to the liver for excretion, they are seen as "good" lipoproteins.
		This ratio of large HDL to total HDL particles varies widely and is only measured by more sophisticated lipoprotein assays using either electrophoresis, the original method developed in the 1970s or newer NMR spectroscopy methods, developed in the 1990s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/High_density_lipoprotein (511 words)

	Discovery Health :: Center Article :: What Is HDL Cholesterol?
		HDL is the protein package that carries 20% to 30% of the cholesterol in most people's blood.
		HDL is known as good cholesterol because it acts as your body's garbage collector for cholesterol.
		HDL removes excess cholesterol from your blood and returns it to your liver.
	health.discovery.com /centers/articles/articles.html?chrome=c14&article=LC_11¢er=p05 (342 words)

	Cholesterol: What the HDL/LDL Ratios Mean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		HDL and LDL are two different kinds of cholesterol that are measured as an index of a patient's risk for cardiovascular disease.
		The levels of "fats" in the blood-total cholesterol, HDL (a subset called "good cholesterol") and LDL ("bad cholesterol") and triglycerides have been used for years to predict the risk of heart disease in men.
		If a woman's total cholesterol is about 4 times or so of her HDL level, her risk of heart disease skyrockets to up to five times that of her normal counterpart.
	www.estronaut.com /a/cholesterol_ratios.htm (504 words)

	HDL Cholesterol: The Test
		The test for HDL cholesterol is used along with other lipid tests to determine your risk of heart disease.
		HDL is usually ordered with other tests, including cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides as part of a lipid profile.
		HDL should be interpreted in the context of the overall findings from the lipid profile and in consultation with your doctor.
	www.labtestsonline.org /understanding/analytes/hdl/test.html (364 words)

	GOOD CHOLESTEROL (HDL)
		Over a follow-up period of an average of five years, those who received Gemfibrozil increased their HDL levels by 6 percent and had a 22 to 23 percent reduction in heart attacks and deaths from coronary artery disease.
		With HDL, the higher the better, so a blood level of 65 milligrams offers considerably more protection than 45 milligrams, though both are in the normal range.
		The problem is that it is not easy to raise HDL levels - exercise, stopping cigarette smoking, weight loss, and one or two drinks of wine a day (no more, please) may help somewhat, but usually will not increase levels by more than 5 to 15 percent.
	healthfullife.umdnj.edu /archives/HDL_archive.htm (570 words)

	HDL cholesterol definition - Cholesterol: health and medical information about high cholesterol and heart disease
		HDL cholesterol: Lipoproteins, which are combinations of lipids (fats) and proteins, are the form in which lipids are transported in the blood.
		For each 1 mg/dl increase in HDL cholesterol there is a 2 to 4% reduction in the risk of coronary heart disease.
		Medications that are effective in increasing HDL cholesterol include nicotinic acid (niacin), gemfibrozil (Lopid), estrogen, and to a lesser extent, the statin drugs.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3662 (356 words)

	Dean Ornish, MD Q A - What is the correlation between my HDL and LDL levels?
		Your body makes HDL to help remove excessive fat and cholesterol from your blood, a process called "reverse cholesterol transport." Thus, HDL is sometimes called "good cholesterol," because it has beneficial properties.
		If there are two people eating a typical American diet that's high in fat and cholesterol, then someone who has a high HDL is at lower risk than someone who has a lower HDL, since the first person is going to be more efficient at removing the fat and cholesterol in their diet.
		I'm not aware of studies showing that HDL above 45 increases the risk of heart disease, but if a study showed this, it may be that the people with higher HDL levels were eating more fat and cholesterol in their diet.
	my.webmd.com /content/pages/1/3079_1209 (492 words)

	HDL and Apo A-I Structure Prediction
		High density lipoprotein (HDL) circulates in the bloodstream, extracting cholesterol from body tissues and transporting it to the liver for excretion or recycling.
		Nascent HDL particles are discoidal, consisting of a phosphatidylcholine bilayer and a protein shell which shields the hydrophobic lipid tails from the aqueous environment.
		This induces a transformation of the HDL disk to a spherical form in which a hydrophobic core of cholesterol esters is shielded by a combination of lipid and protein.
	www.ks.uiuc.edu /Research/apoa1 (505 words)

	DrugSnapper - HDL - The Good Cholesterol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		HDL (High-density lipoprotein) tends to carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver.
		This is why HDL is also called the good cholesterol as it gets passed from the body.
		It is believed that HDL removes excess cholesterol from plaques which helps slowing their growth.
	www.smartsnapper.com /static/hdl.shtml (130 words)

	Cholesterol
		Medical experts think HDL tends to carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it's passed from the body.
		HDL cholesterol is known as "good" cholesterol because a high HDL level seems to protect against heart attack.
		The opposite is also true: a low HDL level (less than 40 mg/dL in men; less than 50 mg/dL in women) indicates a greater risk.
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=4488 (943 words)

	PRESS RELEASE Lipid Sciences, Inc. Launches Expanded HDL Therapy Platform in Collaboration With Washington Hospital ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		HDL mimetic peptides may serve to stabilize so-called vulnerable plaques, reduce the size of lipid-rich plaques in the arterial wall, and enhance the process of reverse cholesterol transport -- similar to the functionality of HDL treated with Lipid Sciences' proprietary selective delipidation process.
		HDL mimetic peptides can be efficiently and economically synthesized in quantities sufficient for pre-clinical and clinical research, and can be scaled for low-cost, commercial production as a drug.
		The Company's HDL Therapy Platform (selective HDL delipidation and HDL mimetic peptides) is aimed at developing treatments for the reversal of atherosclerosis, a systemic disease of the blood vessels caused by the build-up of cholesterol-filled plaques in the vascular system and, most critically, in the coronary arteries.
	www.marketwire.com /mw/release_html_b1?release_id=93868 (1074 words)

	Low Levels of HDL: The Importance in Coronary Artery Disease and What to Do - Connecticut
		Not all cases of isolated low HDL are accompanied by propensity to premature coronary artery disease (11).
		Certain drugs decrease HDL and these should be considered as to their pathophysiological cost versus benefit.
		If the low HDL is associated with other abnormalities, one will want to use the hygienic, lifestyle measures as well as drug therapy, treating the associated abnormality first.
	www.saintfranciscare.com /15808.cfm (734 words)

	What's the Difference Between LDL and HDL Cholesterol?
		If a clot forms and blocks a narrowed artery, it can cause a heart attack or stroke. The levels of HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the blood are measured to evaluate the risk of having a heart attack.
		HDL cholesterol is known as the "good" cholesterol because a high level of it seems to protect against heart attack.
		(Low HDL cholesterol levels [less than 40 mg/dL] increase the risk for heart disease.) Medical experts think that HDL tends to carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it's passed from the body.
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=180 (443 words)

	Cholesterol, Other Lipids, and Lipoproteins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Having adequate levels of HDL may be the most important lipid-related factor for preventing ischemic stroke, which is a type of stroke caused by blockage of the carotid arteries, those carrying blood to the brain.
		HDL may even reduce the risk for hemorrhagic stroke, which is a less common stroke caused by bleeding in the brain and associated with low overall cholesterol levels.
		Once a person quits smoking, HDL cholesterol levels rise within weeks or months to levels that are equal to their nonsmoking peers.
	www.reutershealth.com /wellconnected/doc23.html (10481 words)

	HDL action on the vascular wall: is the answer NO? -- Shaul and Mineo 113 (4): 509 -- Journal of Clinical Investigation
		HDL causes an increase in intracellular Ca, and that Ca is required for HDL-induced NO formation.
		However, in the presence of OxLDL, HDL maintains the total cholesterol content of caveolae by the provision of cholesterol ester (blue circles), resulting in preservation of the eNOS signaling module (29-31).
		HDL cholesterol level predicts survival in men after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: 20-year experience from The Cleveland Clinic Foundation.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/113/4/509 (2881 words)

	Johns Hopkins Gazette \| September 26, 2005
		Low levels of HDL cholesterol, he said, are defined as less than 40 milligrams per deciliter of blood in men and 50 milligrams per deciliter in women.
		Weight control is also highlighted as critical to raising HDL levels, with the researchers noting that every kilogram of weight lost raises a patient's HDL levels by an average 0.35 milligrams per deciliter.
		Statins are the least effective of the three drug classes, used primarily to reduce LDL cholesterol, raising HDL levels by 2 percent to 15 percent.
	www.jhu.edu /~gazette/2005/26sep05/26good.html (818 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: HDL
		More specifically, men are at particular risk if their HDL is below 37 mg/dL, and women, if their HDL is below 47 mg/dL.
		Low HDL levels may indicate an increased risk of atherosclerotic heart disease.
		HDL will usually be performed as part of an overall lipid profile, wherein LDL and triglycerides will also be measured.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003496.htm (745 words)

	Research Page: Diagnostic tools of HDL damage by tobacco smoke
		One of the major functions of HDL is to prevent a build-up of cholesterol in arteries.
		This protective function of HDL is compromised due to the HDL deficiency in cigarette smokers.
		The focus of this research is on a functional component of HDL (known in the field as LCAT) that is highly susceptible to damage upon exposure to small quantities of cigarette smoke.
	www.trdrp.org /research/PageGrant.asp?grant_id=1872 (249 words)

	Family Pratice News: Redefining 'Normal' HDL Cholesterol Levels
		Recent clinical trial data make it abundantly clear that a patient's HDL cholesterol level predicts cardiovascular risk and that boosting a low HDL level is highly beneficial.
		The National Cholesterol Education Program's definition of a low HDL as less than 35 mg/dL in men is now clearly out of date and deserves to be changed when the panel updates its practice guidelines later this year, Dr. Vogel asserted.
		A cardio-protective HDL level appears to be greater than 60 mg/dL in men and greater than 70 mg/dL in women.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0BJI/is_5_30/ai_61530768 (570 words)

	Low HDL
		My blood work show that my HDL is 27, LDL is 116 and total cholesterol is 179.
		I know that genetics may play a part in the low HDL since my Mom died at 47 from a massive heart attack.
		A low HDL is an independent risk factor for developing heart problems particularly given your family history.
	www.medhelp.org /forums/Cardio/messages/31121a.html (777 words)

	[No title]
		The study results are encouraging because men of normal weight and low triglyceride levels (a type of fat associated with heart disease) and low levels of "good" (HDL) cholesterol may find it difficult to increase their levels of HDL cholesterol.
		Men whose only abnormality was a low HDL level showed no improvement in their HDL levels, the researchers report.
		Even though the observed increase in HDL was modest, I have noticed an incredible synergism when exercise is combined with the eating plan.
	www.mercola.com /2001/aug/22/hdl.htm (475 words)

	Drug Raises 'Good' HDL Cholesterol Levels
		The study showed the CETP inhibitor raised HDL cholesterol by more than 100% when used alone, and when used in combination with a cholesterol-lowering statin it raised HDL cholesterol even more.
		A low HDL level is the most common cholesterol problem found in people with heart disease.
		After four weeks of treatment with the drug, researchers found HDL cholesterol levels increased by 61% among those treated with the CETP inhibitor and statin and by 46% among those treated with the CETP inhibitor alone.
	my.webmd.com /content/article/85/98542.htm?z=1728_00000_1000_nb_01 (468 words)

	Saber HDL - Language-Independant Mixed-Signal Multi-technology Simulator
		By supporting mixed-signal HDLs and SPICE-level descriptions in one simulator, Saber HDL can be used throughout the design flow-from architectural exploration of an electrical system to verification of transistor blocks in the context of the full system.
		The algorithms in Saber HDL were carefully designed to minimize convergence problems, (for example, the inability of the simulator to arrive at a mathematical solution) that occur in all simulators.
		Saber HDL does not lock you into Synopsys' Hypermodels; rather, it is flexible and allows the user to specify custom-designed Hypermodels.
	www.synopsys.com /products/mixedsignal/saber/saber_hdl_ds.html (912 words)

	Increasing Good Cholesterol - Page 1 - HeartCenterOnline:
		High HDL cholesterol levels are good because HDL has been shown to reverse some of the harmful effects of LDL (“bad”) cholesterol.
		HDL levels above 60 mg/dL are considered a "negative risk factor" and will reduce the 10–year risk of suffering a heart attack, according to the coronary risk score designed by the Framingham Heart Study.
		College of Cardiology encourages women to keep their HDL cholesterol level at 45 mg/dL or more.
	heart.healthcentersonline.com /cholesterol/increasehdl.cfm (548 words)

	Cholesterol: HDL cholesterol ratio - Cholesterol: health and medical information about high cholesterol and heart ...
		The number is obtained by dividing total cholesterol by HDL cholesterol.
		High total cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol increases the ratio, and is undesirable.
		Conversely, high HDL cholesterol and low total cholesterol lowers the ratio, and is desirable.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=14631&track=nlchcho4 (353 words)

	Saros - Design Capture and Data Management Using HDL Designer Series (HDS)
		With HDL Designer Series, graphical entry finally comes of age, providing the user with sophisticated tools that take the complexity out of generating high-quality synthesizable HDL code, combined with managing the vast amount of data produced during the implementation of all but the most simple designs.
		HDL Designer Series comprises a series of products enabling HDL design creation, management and analysis, which has evolved from the Renoir tools from Mentor Graphics.
		This is an HDL Rule Checker (sometimes known as a Linting Tool) which allows manually written code to be easily verified for its consistency with the project or company coding standards.
	www.saros.co.uk /hdldesigner (472 words)

	[Biomedical Frontiers:Fa:95] Untangling the Complexities of HDL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This was important because they also discovered that individuals with a natural CETP deficiency (due to a gene mutation) had high levels of HDL, and studies have shown that increased HDL level usually correlates with a lower incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
		In recent research, Dr. Tall and colleagues have found that the relationship between HDL and atherosclerosis is much more complex than initially thought.
		For example, fls tend to have higher levels of HDL than whites (an effect that is protective against coronary heart disease in whites but not proved to be protective in fls), but the genetic cause is not known.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /news/frontiers/archives/biomed_v3n1_0007.html (383 words)

	HDL - solutions for fresh and saltwater systems
		Welcome to HDL, manufacturers of aquarium and environmental products that are at the leading edge of water technology.
		HDL products will provide you with a safe, stable environment for your pets.
		HDL's specialized water purification products have truly transformed how aquatic species are managed.
	www.hdltd.com (546 words)

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