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	HIFAR - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		HIFAR (High Flux Australian Reactor) is Australia's first and only operating nuclear reactor.
		Based on the DIDO reactor at Harwell in the UK, HIFAR is cooled and moderated by heavy water, and the fuel is enriched uranium metal.
		HIFAR first went critical at 11:26 pm local time on January 26, 1958, and was first run at full power of 10MW (thermal) in 1960.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/HIFAR (297 words)

	ANSTO - Introduction to ANSTO's HIFAR Reactor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The purpose of HIFAR is to produce neutrons, those subatomic particles found in the nucleus of all atoms.
		HIFAR is a copy of the DIDO reactor in the United Kingdom, which was, in turn, modelled after the CP5 reactor built near Chicago.
		HIFAR is designed with three barriers, each of which is capable of protecting the health and safety of the public from radiation.
	www.ansto.gov.au /natfac/hifar.html (1420 words)

	Australian Research Reactors
		HIFAR, which has operated at Lucas Heights since 1958, is at the heart of almost all the research activities of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) and supports those of several other organisations on the Lucas Heights site near Sydney.
		HIFAR is housed in a circular steel building 21 metres in diameter and 21 metres high, which is sealed.
		In HIFAR there are six cadmium arms 1.45 metres long, shaped like railway signal arms, and which may be moved in an arc between the rows of fuel elements.
	www.uic.com.au /nip31.htm (2468 words)

	HF Radar
		The HiFAR program is a joint development effort between METRATEK, the University of Michigan, and the University of Miami.
		HiFAR can measure ocean currents, wind direction, wave spectra, and wave height over a range interval of 1 to 60 or 100 kilometers off shore.
		HiFAR can also be used as a low cost means of ocean surveillance and for enforcing national sovereignty at ranges of up to 200 nautical miles.
	www.ziplink.net /users/metratek/html/hf_radar.html (258 words)

	Do we really need a new research reactor? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		HIFAR was initially used for research related to Australia's ambitions for power reactors and even weapons, with much of the early research going into the development of a reactor for use in the Australian desert.
		HIFAR and ANSTO are left high and dry by the decisions of successive governments not to have either a weapons or a power reactor program.
		The problem is that HIFAR isn't well suited to neutron scattering research, which involves the use of relatively slow-moving neutrons to penetrate materials and examine their internal structure.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/1993/103/103p9.htm (1258 words)

	The Lucas Heights Reactor
		The cornerstone of the Australian government's nuclear ambitions is the operation of a nuclear research reactor at Lucas Heights in southern Sydney.
		The present 10 megawatt HIFAR (High Flux Australian Reactor) went critical in January 1958 under the Menzies government.
		It was the height of the Cold War, and the reactor was primarily seen as giving Australia a 'place at the nuclear table' in international circles.
	www.anawa.org.au /nsw/lucas-heights.html (679 words)

	News Item: Increased use of Radiopharmaceuticals
		Demand for radiopharmaceuticals produced by the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) grew to record levels during the 2000-2001 financial year with a 13 per cent increase in sales.
		Most of the radiopharmaceuticals were produced from the operation of ANSTO’s HIFAR research reactor.
		The result confirms that applications of nuclear medicine are expanding, and that most Australians will use an ANSTO radiopharmaceutical product at some time in their lifetime for the diagnosis or treatment of disease.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=939 (267 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		HIFAR has now operated safely for more than 30 years, well beyond the original design expectations, with excellent availability for research and production of radioisotopes.
		The main reason for the longevity of HIFAR is the degree of conservatism of the design in the 1950`s.
		The costs of refurbishment of HIFAR and its facilities to the year 2025 are considerable.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=182155 (194 words)

	Welcome to ISRC 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		HIFAR is used to make radionuclidic products for use in medicine and industry.
		It is also used extensively as a source of neutron beams for scientific research and to irradiate silicon for semiconductor applications.
		The importance of this almost halfcentury of nuclear science expertise to Australia is underscored by the construction of a replacement research reactor adjacent to HIFAR.
	www.tourhosts.com.au /isrc2003/home.html (349 words)

	OPAL - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		OPAL (Open Pool Australian Lightwater reactor) is a reactor currently being commissioned (as of 2006) at the ANSTO Research Establishment at Lucas Heights, near Sydney, Australia and being construct by the Argentine Hitech company INVAP.
		It will replace the HIFAR reactor when fully commissioned.
		Australia’s replacement nuclear research reactor is in the early stages of commissioning at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), in southern Sydney, and is due to be fully operational in 2007.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/OPAL (329 words)

	The Ultimate HIFAR - American History Information Guide and Reference
		HIFAR (High Flux Australian Reactor) was Australia's first nuclear reactor.
		It is used for research, particularly neutron diffraction experiments, and production of medical and industrial radioisotopes.
		HIFAR first went critical at 2am local time on January 26 1958, and was first run at full power of 10Mw (thermal) in 1960.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/HIFAR (194 words)

	Submission to EIS Inquiry for the Replacement Nuclear Research Reactor
		The viability of the bulk of research at Lucas Heights is not dependent on a new reactor or threatened by the decommissioning of HIFAR.
		The presently unresolved questions of storage or disposal of spent HIFAR fuel rods and of a National radioactive waste repository are examples of the open ended cost commitment blithely incurred in the 1950's with the establishment of the AAEC.
		The cost of neutron rich isotopes such as 99Mo which may have to he imported in the absence of HIFAR should be compared with that of proton-rich isotopes which were imported prior to the cyclotron.
	www.hotkey.net.au /~sgr/RREIS.html (5553 words)

	Velocity Web Site - Article 2
		The RRR is designed to accommodate eight neutron beamlines which will be more intense and freer of gamma radiation contamination than those made by HIFAR.
		Neutrons are used to study the structure of materials atom by atom.
		When ANSTO's first research reactor, High Flux Australian Reactor (HIFAR), started up in the 1950s, the staff were said to be laying bets on precisely when it would 'go critical'.
	velocity.ansto.gov.au /velocity/ans0002/article_02.asp (777 words)

	<www.geocities.com/jimgreen3>
		The HIFAR reactor is aging and scheduled for retirement within the next decade.
		The spent fuel from the HIFAR reactor, for example, is ultimately destined for return to Europe (originally the U.K., more recently France), although the timeliness of the cycle puts its effectiveness into question.
		While many radioisotope production operations, including those using the HIFAR reactor in Australia, are charged “at-cost” for use of space and neutron flux in the reactor, determining the true cost of this service is impossible.
	www.geocities.com /jimgreen3/medicine5.html (6863 words)

	Australia
		HIFAR is a heavy-water cooled and moderated reactor with a thermal output of 10MW.
		Australian policy is to send all HIFAR spent fuel overseas for reprocessing or for final disposition.
		ANSTO has arrangements with the US Department of Energy for the repatriation of US-origin spent HIFAR fuel (no waste will be returned to Australia), and a contract with the French company Cogema for the reprocessing of the remainder of spent HIFAR fuel.
	www.cscap.nuctrans.org /Nuc_Trans/locations/australia/australia.html (490 words)

	UIC - Newsletter 6/95
		The 10 MWt HIFAR reactor is operated by the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO).
		HIFAR has been operating since 1958 (commercially since 1960) and a previous shipment of 150 spent fuel elements to Dounreay occurred in 1963 without incident.
		Reprocessing of HIFAR fuel is under an April 1967 fuel purchase agreement, and all of the 120 elements concerned come under that agreement.
	www.uic.com.au /news695.htm (3656 words)

	Ockhams Razor - 12/28/1997: New Reactor - a missed opportunity?
		The existing reactor, known as HIFAR, is located at Lucas Heights in southern Sydney, and this is also the proposed location for the new reactor.
		While the Government's position is clear, the proposal to replace the reactor is the focus of an assessment under the 1974 Environmental Protection Act, an inquiry by a Federal Senate Committee, and the proposal has generated more than a little opposition from local residents and from environmental and anti-nuclear groups.
		Former Science Minister Peter McGauran said that when the HIFAR reactor is shut down for routine maintenance, one-third of imported shipments arrive late.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/science/ockham/stories/s366.htm (1821 words)

	Public Access Area Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		These are the 10 Mw High Flux Australian Reactor (HIFAR), operational since 1958 and expected to reach the end of its operational life around 2005, and the 100 Kw MOATA, which ceased operation in May 1995.
		An EIS for a replacement reactor for HIFAR was approved in 1999, and a construction licence was issued by the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) in April 2002.
		It is policy in Australia that spent fuel from the HIFAR and MOATA reactors is to be reprocessed in France or at Dounreay in the UK.
	www.enviros.com /vrepository/not_subscribed/country/australia/index.cfm (1047 words)

	Policy Statement Nuclear Reactor at Lucas Heights - MAPW Australia
		MAPW calls for an urgent independent analysis of the radiological consequences of a loss of coolant and explosive nuclide dispersal from the existing HIFAR reactor (and any proposed replacement) whether by accident or sabotage.
		This must include an assessment of the current emergency procedures in the event of radiological hazard and the desirability of pre-emptive potassium iodide distribution - particularly to children living and studying in the reactor vicinity.
		Importation of isotopes via the well-established international isotope market served Australia satisfactorily during the three month "down-time" at the existing HIFAR reactor in Sydney during February -May 2000, and it is a viable option for the future.
	www.mapw.org.au /mapw-policy/02-02-25rrr.html (420 words)

	Earthbeat - 23/02/2002: Australias New Nuclear Reactor: Do We Need It ?
		It is a very compact core and it is initially designed for highly enriched uranium, the sort of uranium that was originally used in atomic weapons, but made into a form in which it is complete safe and produces heat and neutrons.
		We have contractual arrangements with the French that they will take back the spent fuel rods from HIFAR and from the year 2015 we will take back the reprocessed spent fuel rods which are then intermediate-level waste.
		By the same token, we have an agreement for the return of the spent fuel rods in the form of intermediate-level waste from the new replacement reactor from the year 2035.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/science/earth/stories/s489492.htm (4346 words)

	Perspective - 25/9/2002: Bill Williams
		Currently technetium is only produced in reactors and we make about 80% of our requirement in the old HIFAR reactor at Lucas Heights, which is destined for the scrap heap.
		It’s worth noting that from February to May 2000, while the HIFAR reactor was shutdown for maintenance, we simply imported all our technetium, without any reported adverse patient outcomes.
		At a time when so many research and development projects are dying on the domestic vine or moving offshore because of government indifference or inadequate funding, the proposed replacement reactor will be Australia's largest ever capital expenditure on science or technology.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/talks/perspective/stories/s685675.htm (687 words)

	medicine3.html
		A more likely scenario is that if HIFAR was permanently shut down, some teething problems arising from greater reliance on imports would arise and they would be resolved.
		As the ANZSNM well knows, if there is a lag between the closure of HIFAR and the start-up of a new reactor (or non-reactor accelerator and spallation alternatives), radioisotopes will be supplied from i) cyclotrons in Melbourne and Sydney (and other cyclotrons will be operating in Australia by the year 2005) and ii) overseas suppliers.
		Indeed supply from domestic cyclotrons and overseas reactors is a viable option for the medium to long term: my only objection to this is the ethical argument that we should not rely indefinitely on overseas countries to operate reactors and to deal with the attendant problems such as radioactive waste.
	www.geocities.com /jimgreen3/medicine3.html (13228 words)

	Heavy Ion Fusion Accelerator Research (HIFAR) program
		Today, the HIFAR group at LBL, in collaboration with a similar group at LLNL, is poised on the brink of another milestone -- a project designed to answer some of the crucial questions that will help decide whether fusion becomes the energy source of the next century or remains an elusive dream.
		By 1985, LBL's HIFAR group with their Single Beam Transport Experiment had demonstrated that heavy ion beams could be transported and focused at currents several times higher than was first believed possible in beams dominated by space-charge forces.
		Following the death of Denis Keefe in 1990, Bangerter became the leader of LBL's HIFAR group.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/heavy-ion-fusion-accelerator-program.html (2901 words)

	Sutherland Shire Environment Centre
		A few weeks ago the HIFAR reactor was presented with its first licence but the other facilities, including the waste management stores and associated facilities, remain in limbo.
		It appears that this referral is connected with the lack of approval for the waste facilities.
		Even when solidified and dramatically reduced in volume the radioactivity is the same and shielding would be required for thousands of years.
	www.ssec.org.au /our_environment/issues_campaigns/nuclear/submissions/2001_jul_30.htm (1344 words)

	Media Release - ARPANSA Issues HIFAR Licence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The report concludes that the research reactor can be operated "without undue risk to the health and safety of people and to the environment, subject to addressing any matters identified in this assessment within a timeframe that is acceptable to the CEO of ARPANSA"".
		Details about Dr Loy's decision to issue the HIFAR licence will be available in his Statement of Reasons through the ARPANSA Regulation Branch web page at http://www.arpansa.gov.au/reg_home.htm.
		With the issuing of this licence, HIFAR is now under the regulatory control of the ARPANS Act 1998.
	www.arpansa.gov.au /mr1_290601.htm (429 words)

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