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	HIV - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Human immunodeficiency virus or HIV is a retrovirus that is the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a syndrome where the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections.
		Once the virus has infected the cell, two pathways are possible: either the virus becomes latent and the infected cell continues to function, or the virus becomes active and replicates, and a large number of virus particles are liberated that can then infect other cells.
		HIV has been found at low concentrations in the saliva, tears and urine of infected individuals, but the risk of transmission by these secretions is negligible.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/HIV (7638 words)

	HIV and AIDS
		The human immunodeficiency virus known as HIV causes AIDS by infecting and damaging part of the body's defenses against infection, namely the white blood cells known as lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell in the body's immune (infection-fighting) system that is supposed to fight off invading germs.
		HIV is transmitted through direct contact with the blood or body fluid of someone who is infected with the virus.
		If these babies do get the HIV virus, they tend to be born with a lower viral load (less HIV virus is present in their bodies) and have a better chance of long-term, disease-free survival.
	kidshealth.org /parent/infections/std/hiv.html (3437 words)

	HIV structure and life cycle
		HIV particles surround themselves with a coat of fatty material known as the viral envelope (or membrane).
		These gather together with newly made HIV proteins and enzymes to form new viral particles, which are then released from the cell.
		The newly matured HIV particles are ready to infect another cell and begin the replication process all over again.
	www.avert.org /virus.htm (874 words)

	HIV Infection and AIDS: An Overview, NIAID Fact Sheet
		HIV is frequently spread among injection drug users by the sharing of needles or syringes contaminated with very small quantities of blood from someone infected with the virus.
		HIV also can be spread to babies through the breast milk of mothers infected with the virus.
		Babies born to mothers infected with HIV may or may not be infected with the virus, but all carry their mothers' antibodies to HIV for several months.
	www.niaid.nih.gov /factsheets/hivinf.htm (3129 words)

	Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
		HIV belongs to a subgroup of retroviruses known as lentiviruses, or "slow" viruses.
		For instance, it is possible that blood-sucking insects might eventually become vectors of HIV although at present the chances of being infected with HIV from an insect bite are remote (See Iqbal 1999).
		HIV disease is characterized by a gradual deterioration of immune function.
	www.museums.org.za /bio/viruses/hiv-aids.htm (1131 words)

	[No title]
		In U.S.veterans with HIV, HCV seropositivity is associated with an increased risk of death(1) and among HIV/HCV-coinfected veterans seen at the Houston VA Medical Center, liver disease accounted for 47% of deaths.
		Hepatitis C virus is related to progressive liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus-positive hemophiliacs and should be treated as an opportunistic infection.
		Influence of coinfection with hepatitis C virus on morbidity and mortality due to human immunodeficiency virus infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
	www.hiv.va.gov /vahiv?page=prtop06-gd-01 (8765 words)

	HIV Tutorial
		Primary HIV infection is followed by a burst of viremia in which virus is easily detected in peripheral blood in mononuclear cells and plasma.
		Presence or emergence of different HIV subtypes may also account for the appearance of antiretroviral drug resistance as well as the variability in pathologic lesions as different cell types are targeted or different cytopathic effects are elicited during the course of infection.
		HIV can be present in a variety of body fluids and secretions, but the presence of HIV in genital secretions and in blood, and to a lesser extent breast milk, is significant for spread of HIV.
	www-medlib.med.utah.edu /WebPath/TUTORIAL/AIDS/HIV.html (3162 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: HIV infection
		HIV infection is a viral infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that gradually destroys the immune system, resulting in infections that are hard for the body to fight.
		Acute HIV infection may be associated with symptoms resembling mononucleosis or the flu within 2 to 4 weeks of exposure.
		HIV is a chronic medical condition that can be treated, but not yet cured.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000602.htm (809 words)

	National HIV/AIDS Commission - Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		General symptoms of HIV disease are present, but none of the formal indicators of AIDS (such as specific opportunistic infections) are present.
		HIV has been found in the fluid surround the CNS and is believed to cause symptoms such as loss of co-ordination and balance, headaches, dementia, loss of recent memory and problem-solving abilities, and loss of hearing, speech and visual abilities.
		HIV is able you directly infect the nerves and apparently does so in the CNS.
	www.hiv-aids.gov.bb /terms/words.asp (1705 words)

	About the HIV Virus - HIV Dialogues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The HIV virus attacks and infects your T-cells.
		HIV is able to enter T-cells and turn them into virus factories that can produce thousands of viral copies.
		The Amount of HIV Virus in Your Blood Can Predict How Well You Do The “viral load” is the amount of HIV virus in your blood.
	www.hiv-dialogues.com /about_hiv_virus.htm (245 words)

	HIV and Virus Information Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus which affects the human immune system.
		HIV is a retrovirus - no, it's not a virus that enjoys disco dancing, shag carpeting, and tie-dyed shirts.
		Reverse transcription means that the genetic material of the virus does not follow the normal chain of events in genetic transcription.
	student.biology.arizona.edu /honors2000/group15/hiv_virus_info.html (971 words)

	HIV & AIDS - VirusMyth AIDS WebSite - Missing Virus Award
		HIV expert Hans Gelderblom of Berlin's Robert Koch Institute, whose photos of non-banded 'HIV' material have been the industrial benchmark since 1987, co-authored the first paper which describes the contamination as "an excess of vesicles" - particles of cellular proteins, that may contain DNA or RNA.
		In 1956 he was the first to report on the EM of the Friend virus in murine (mouse) leukemia, and in 1960, to coin the word "budding" to describe steps of virus assembly on cell surfaces.
		Ten experiments, including the true isolation of HIV, have been proposed, and will be financed by the SA government.
	www.virusmyth.net /aids/award.htm (1021 words)

	Virus Structure
		HIV is a fairly complex virus, although by no means the most complicated known.
		The HIV envelope is derived from the host cell plasma membrane and is acquired when the virus buds through the cell membrane.
		Rhabdoviruses have a similar structure to that described for HIV, they are enveloped and have a matrix protein.
	www.tulane.edu /~dmsander/WWW/335/335Structure.html (1729 words)

	HIV and AIDS
		But as HIV destroys these lymphocytes, people with the virus begin to get serious infections that they normally wouldn't — that is, they become immune deficient.
		HIV can be transmitted from an infected person to another person through blood, semen (also known as "cum," the fluid released from the penis when a male ejaculates), vaginal fluids, and breast milk.
		If a woman with HIV is pregnant, her newborn baby can catch the virus from her before birth, during the birthing process, or from breastfeeding.
	kidshealth.org /teen/infections/stds/std_hiv.html (1128 words)

	HIV drug resistance - HIV virus and resistance testing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		When drug resistance occurs, a person's viral load (the amount of HIV in a blood sample) increases and he or she has to change to a new antiretroviral (ARV) medication combination.
		If your HIV mutation is resistant to one NNRTI, it may become resistant to the entire class.
		If your viral load is detectable (there are copies of the HIV virus in your blood), resistance testing can help identify which drugs are not working, so you can reduce your risk of passing on the virus to your baby.
	www.tibotec-hiv.com /bgdisplay.jhtml?itemname=learn_about_drug_resistance (587 words)

	HIV & AIDS - The HIV Virus - Healthinfochannel
		Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a type of a virus known as a retrovirus, which is a class of viruses made up of RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules.
		According to these same studies, approximately 10% of people infected with HIV develop symptoms within 2 or 3 years, and about 10% are asymptomatic (i.e., do not experience symptoms) after 12 years.
		Re-infected with a virus from another clade can make the infection more difficult to treat and provide an opportunity for the two variants to combine and create yet a new variation of HIV.
	healthinfochannel.com /hivaids/virus.shtml (453 words)

	Anatomy of HIV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The outer coat of the virus, known as the viral envelope, is composed of two layers of fatty molecules called lipids, taken from the membrane of a human cell when a newly formed virus particle buds from the cell.
		The protein encoded by nef, for instance, appears necessary for the virus to replicate efficiently, and the vpu-encoded protein influences the release of new virus particles from infected cells.
		The core of HIV also includes a protein called p7, the HIV nucleocapsid protein; and three enzymes that carry out later steps in the virus's life cycle: reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease.
	www.hivpositive.com /f-HIVyou/1-HIVyou/1-HIVanatomy.html (387 words)

	HIV treatment -medications to treat HIV virus (antiretroviral/ARV drug classes) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		HIV medications, or antiretroviral (ARV) medications, which are used to treat the HIV virus, cannot cure the disease, but they may keep the virus from reproducing or making copies of itself.
		Reduce the viral load (the amount of HIV virus in the blood) to undetectable levels (less than 50 copies/milliliter) for as long as possible
		The combination of these HIV medications is designed to keep the virus from making copies of itself, while minimizing potential side effects and pill burden.
	www.tibotec-hiv.com /bgdisplay.jhtml?itemname=treatment_and_drug_classes (531 words)

	HIV Information - HIV Dialogues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		HIV stands for “Human Immunodeficiency Virus.” HIV is a virus (germ) that infects blood and damages your ability to fight disease.
		HIV testing is readily available (through hospitals, clinics, etc.) and involves a simple test.
		While it has been decreasing in Caucasian communities, HIV has been on the rise among African American and Hispanic communities, nearly 7 out of every 10 people infected with HIV in the U.S. today are either African American or Hispanic.
	www.hiv-dialogues.com /hiv_information.htm (285 words)

	The Body: Frequently Asked Questions (I)
		In this disease, HIV damages the immune system, so the body is no longer able to fight off diseases that normally it would be able to fight off.
		HIV infects and destroys a specific type of cell in your immune system called a CD4 cell (also called a T4 cell or a T helper cell).
		Of course, the virus must also be able to get into the bloodstream through some type of open sore, abrasion, gum disease, etc. The more openings that HIV has to get into your bloodstream, the greater your risk would be.
	www.thebody.com /sowadsky/faqs/faq1.html (2565 words)

	HIV Infection: Integration, Transcription, Translation
		Once the viral RNA has been reverse-transcribed into a strand of DNA, the DNA can then be integrated (inserted) into the DNA of the lymphocyte.
		The virus has its own enzyme called "integrase" that facilitates incorporation of the viral DNA into the host cells DNA.
		Those genes have the code necessary to produce structural proteins such as the viral envelope and core plus enzymes like reverse transcriptase, integrase, and a crucial enzyme called a protease.
	www.cellsalive.com /hiv3.htm (154 words)

	HIV Infection in Women -- familydoctor.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		HIV is spread through contact with blood, semen or other body fluids (except saliva) from a person infected with HIV.
		HIV is not spread by casual contact such as hugging, kissing, holding hands, sitting on toilet seats or sharing clothing.
		It is now possible to prevent many cases of HIV in children by giving medicines to the pregnant mother and to her newborn baby.
	familydoctor.org /225.xml (1051 words)

	AIDS and HIV Virus D-1.1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The health status of a person infected with the HIV virus may vary from an apparently healthy, normally functioning individual to a critically ill person.
		Persons who know, or have a reasonable basis for believing, that they are infected with the AIDS virus are expected to seek expert advice about their health circumstances and are obligated, ethically and legally, to conduct themselves responsibly in accordance with such knowledge for the protection of other members of the University community.
		However, an employee who may have been exposed to the HIV virus while performing job duties at the University may not be required to be tested for the HIV virus.
	www.sfasu.edu /upp/pap/GENERAL_REGULATIONS/aids_and_hiv_virus.html (1912 words)

	HIV virus
		“HIV” stands for “human immunodeficiency virus,” so adding the word “virus” to the acronym creates a redundancy.
		“HIV” is the name of the organism that is the cause of AIDS, not a name for the disease itself.
		A person may be HIV-positive (a test shows the person to be infected with the virus) without having yet developed AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
	www.wsu.edu /~brians/errors/hiv.html (61 words)

	AIDS information, HIV symptoms, HIV virus at SAMHSA's NCADI
		HIV passes from one person to another through contact with the bodily fluids of someone infected with the virus.
		Most often, the virus spreads through oral, vaginal, or anal sex during which a condom is not used, or by sharing a needle.
		The second most common source of HIV is intravenous drug use, but any activity where blood exchange is possible is risky.
	ncadi.samhsa.gov /govpubs/phd725 (877 words)

	HIV and AIDS information on how HIV is transmitted at MedicineNet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Should patients with the "flu"- or "mono"-like illness of primary HIV infection be treated?
		In 1983, researchers in the United States and France described the virus that causes AIDS, now known as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and belonging to the group of viruses called retroviruses.
		In 1985, a blood test became available that measures antibodies to HIV that are the body's immune response to the HIV.
	www.medicinenet.com /human_immunodeficiency_virus_hiv_aids/article.htm (532 words)

	Wired News: Altered HIV Attacks Mice Tumors
		The UCLA AIDS Institute scientists genetically altered HIV and folded it into an envelope made of another virus called sindbis, which typically infects insects and birds.
		He and his colleagues suspected the virus might make an HIV gene therapy more stable, and the results of the study showed they were right.
		The researchers programmed the altered virus package to attack a protein on the cancer cell surface called p-glycoprotein, which causes problems in cancer patients by shuttling cancer drugs away from the cell.
	www.wired.com /news/medtech/0,1286,66579,00.html?tw=wn_tophead_1 (672 words)

	Wired News: Designer Virus Stalks HIV
		The treatment is made of a gutted HIV virus.
		The harmful parts of the virus are removed, and in their place the researchers have inserted a DNA cargo that inhibits HIV's ability to kill immune cells.
		This is a virus that can be spread by having sex, just like HIV (although if it works, that could be a good thing).
	www.wired.com /news/medtech/0,1286,63441,00.html?tw=wn_tophead_1 (890 words)

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