| | Australia - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Australia |
 | | In an unprecedented move, Australian troops prevented the mainly Afghan refugees from landing and 40 soldiers boarded the freighter, the MV Tampa, threatening to sail it out of territorial waters. |
 | | After an eight-day stand-off, the unwanted asylum-seekers transferred to the HMAS Manoora, which took them to Papua New Guinea from where they were flown to New Zealand and Nauru, where applications for refugee status would be processed. |
 | | However, the Australian government received a humiliating setback on 11 September when the Federal Court ruled that it had acted illegally in refusing the refugees permission to apply for asylum in the country and that they must be allowed to land. |
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