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	HMS Devastation (1871) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		HMS Devastation was built by the British Royal Navy at the Pembroke Dockyard, England in 1871.
		Devastation was built in the 1870s, a time in which steam power was well established among the world's larger naval powers.
		Devastation, designed by Sir Edward J. Reed, changed all of this when she was built without masts and her primary armament of two turrets each with two 12-inch (305 mm) muzzle-loading guns were placed on the top of the hull, allowing each turret to have a 280 degree arc of fire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/HMS_Devastation_(1871) (259 words)

	Encyclopedia: Battleship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		HMS Prince Of Wales was a King George V-class battleship of the Royal Navy, built at the Cammell Laird shipyard in Birkenhead, England.
		HMS Ark Royal (91), was the third ship of the Royal Navy to be named in honor of the flagship of the English fleet that defeated the Spanish Armada.
		HMS Duke of York was a King George V-class battleship of the Royal Navy, and the second of the name, the predecessor having been a 4-gun cutter purchased in 1763 and sold in 1766.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Battleship (11232 words)

	HMS Devastation - TheBestLinks.com - Royal Navy, 1908, 1866, 1871, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		HMS Devastation, Royal Navy, 1908, 1866, 1871, 1841, 1831, 1804, 1820, 1816...
		The first Devastation was an 8-gun bomb vessel purchased in 1804 and sold in 1816.
		The second Devastation was to be a 14-gun bomb vessel; laid down in 1820, but cancelled in 1831.
	www.thebestlinks.com /HMS_Devastation.html (190 words)

	HMS Devastation 1871
		HMS Devastation was removed from the Navy List in 1907, being sold in May 1908.
		The Devastation was one of the earliest ironclad vessels to be built in a public dockyard, and she excited considerable attention at the time.
		HMS Devastation was launched in 1871 and performed well on her first trials.
	www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk /hms_devastation.htm (1065 words)

	H Dockyard 2
		HMS Wizard of 1830 was lost on the Seal Bank off Berehaven in February 1859, the Skylark of 1826 was wrecked on the Isle of Wight in April 1845 and the Spey of 1827 was lost on Racoon Key in the Bahamas in November 1840.
		HMS Thais of 1829 was lost on passage from Falmouth to Halifax in December 1833 and the Camilla of 1847 in September 1860 off Japan.
		The composite gunvessel HMS Gnat, christened by Miss Mirehouse of Angle in the dark on 26 November 1867, was wrecked within a year when she ran aground on Balabac Island in the China Seas on 15 November 1868.
	www.pembrokedock.org /h_dockyard_2.htm (9271 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - HMS Warrior
		HMS Warrior was a compromise, with her centre of gravity in the middle, and consequently, problems were inevitable.
		HMS Warrior also had a figurehead on the end of her bow, and along with her sister ship, HMS Black Prince and the HMS Rodney of 1888, was one of the last of the British front-rank ships to carry a figurehead.
		HMS Warrior is now the only surviving iron warship in the world, and is on display in Portsmouth.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A538030 (3553 words)

	The first Ironclads 1859-1872
		Outgoing of the twin-screw turret-ship HMS GLATTON on the Chatham Dockyard, 1871.
		HMS AGINCOURT on ground in the bay of Gibraltar, 1871.
		In the foreground the turretship HMS THUNDERER, launched 1872, with a steam engine and without sails; in the background a fregate, such 12 years ago.
	www.klaus-kramer.de /Schiff/Panzerschiffe/Panzerschiffe_1/Panzerschiffe_1_engl_top.html (772 words)

	HMS Devastation (1871) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		She is considered the first true capital ship built by any nation at the time.
		Devastation changed all of this when she was built without masts and her primary armament of two turrets each with two 12-inch muzzle-loading guns were placed on the top of the hull, allowing each turret to have a 280 degree arc of fire.
		In 1891, the 12-inch guns were replaced with 10-inch breech-loading guns and she was refitted with new engines.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/H/HMS-Devastation-(1871).htm (256 words)

	HMS Royal Oak broadside ironclad
		HMS Royal oak was a Wooden broadside Ironclad.
		HMS Royal Oak was initially laid down as a 91 gun ship of the line but was converted in 1861 to be a 36 gun ironclad.
		During this period involved in a incident when HMS warrior rammed into her in thick fog.
	www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk /hms_royal_oak1.htm (612 words)

	Portsmouth - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Only ten years after this devastation the town for the first time was struck by the plague known as the Black Death.
		Most of Portsmouth's tourist attractions are related to its naval history, among these are the D-Day museum (which holds the Overlord embroidery), HMS Victory which has been restored in the Dockyard, the remains of the Mary Rose raised from the sea-bed in recent years and the HMS Warrior.
		The tourist attraction 'Portsmouth Historic Dockyard' which houses the ships HMS Victory, HMS Warrior and the Mary Rose has been completed.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Portsmouth (2283 words)

	Devastation class battleship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The loss of HMS Captain in 1870 led to concerns about the stability of turret ships, and a committee was set up to determine whether Devestation would be safe.
		One effect of this was to extend the armoured breastwork with unarmoured structure to the sides of the ship and carried aft to improve the stability at large angles of heel.
		In 1871 a 2.75 m (9 feet) long model of Devastation was tested in a water tank, and subsequently with an 5.5 m (18 feet) long version.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/D/Devastation-class-battleship.htm (645 words)

	1871 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		1871 1871 in architecture HMS Devastation (1871) 1871 in science 1871 in Canada 1871 in sports 1871 in literature 1871 in music Heads of State in 1871 1871 Quebec election Treaty of Washington, 1871 New Imperialism (1871-1914) Quebec general election, 1871 List of state leaders in 1871 List of colonial governors in 1871
		IMDb: 1871 Cast and crew, release dates, and user ratings of the film.
		Federal Census of 1871 (Ontario Index) Database of heads of households in Ontario as they were recorded in the April 1871 Federal Census.
	www.purpleuniverse.com /free_associate-1871.html (189 words)

	Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia - - HMS Devastation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		All this changed with the commissioning of HMS Devastation, "the first true capital ship under any flag without a single sail, and...
		In the same year, she also received triple-expansion engines the increased efficiency of which enabled her to cross the Atlantic both ways without refueling.
		Devastation's first two commissions were divided between home waters and the Mediterranean.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/ships/html/sh_026800_hmsdevastati.htm (287 words)

	History of the Study of Marine Biology - MarineBio.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		His expeditions as the resident naturalist aboard the HMS Beagle from 1831 to 1836 were spent collecting and studying specimens from a number of marine organisms that were sent to the British Museum for cataloguing.
		The voyages of the HMS Beagle were followed by a 3-year voyage by the British ship HMS Challenger led by Sir Charles Wyville Thomson (1830-1882) to all the oceans of the world during which thousands of marine specimens were collected and analyzed.
		In 1871, Spencer Fullerton Baird, the first director of the US Commission of Fish and Fisheries (now known as the National Marine Fisheries Service), began a collection station in Woods Hole, Massachusetts because of the abundant marine life there and to investigate declining fish stocks.
	www.marinebio.com /Oceans/HistoryofMarineBiology.asp (3094 words)

	HMS NELSON BATTLESHIP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		HMS DUKE OF YORK 1940 KING GEORGE V CLASS
		HMS KING GEORGE V 1939 KING GEORGE V CLASS
		HMS SIR THOMAS PICTON 1915 LORD CLIVE CLASS
	www.homestead.com /nelson1/BRITISHBATTLESHIPS.html (77 words)

	This Month in History, December
		The H.M.S. Bounty departed Spithead, England, on its ill-fated voyage to Tahiti.
		A major earthquake devastates the southeast Iranian city of Bam, with up to 43,300 killed, and 90,000 homeless; the citadel of Arg-é Bam was destroyed.
		Devastation from tsunamis (tidal waves) quickly hit all long the coast of Indonesia and spread to Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, and many other locations around the rim of the Indian Ocean, including the east coast of Africa.
	www.laughtergenealogy.com /bin/header/month12.html (7902 words)

	Pacific Islands to 1875 by Sanderson Beck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The British navy began patrolling the coast of New Zealand in 1826, and in 1834 the HMS Alligator brutally attacked the Taranaki because of an incompetent interpreter.
		The secret ballot was introduced in 1871, and the next year a Public Trust administration was implemented to help take care of the estates of the deceased.
		In 1871 some abducted Solomon Islanders tried to escape from the Carl, and fifty were shot dead by the crew; their bodies and twenty who were wounded were thrown to the sharks.
	www.san.beck.org /2-13-PacificIslands.html (23410 words)

	Shipping Notes from the 1800's - P.E.I.
		McDonald and Walker, was stranded on a reef at the entrance of Colville Bay, on the night of the 31st ult.
		Last evening the Officers of H.M.S. Rose entertained His Excellency the Lieutenant Governor and lady huntley and a large party of the Inhabitants of Charlottetown on board the Rose, with a splendid Ball and Supper.
		The vessel was brilliantly illuminated, and had a very beautiful appearance from the end of the wharves; the party did not break up until an early hour this morning highly pleased with the very handsome manner in which they had been entertained.
	www.islandregister.com /shippingnotes.html (16794 words)

	Today in History October 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Yet in spite of the devastation, the city was so quickly rebuilt that by 1875, few traces of the fire remained.
		1871 Oct 8, The 1938 film "In Old Chicago," with Tyrone Power and Alice Faye, was a musical that built up to the Chicago fire.
		1871 Oct 8-14, In Peshtigo, Wisc., over 1,200 people were killed in the nation’s worst forest fire, which burned across six counties and into Michigan.
	www.bonus.com /contour/timelines_history/http@@/timelines.ws/days/10_08.HTML (4539 words)

	Welcome TO THE NORTHERN TERRITORY ,
		The city has a fine harbour and is the terminus of a railway line running north to south; it also has an international airport.
		Until 1911 the city was called Palmerston, but was renamed in honour of Charles Darwin, who landed here in 1839 when HMS Beagle put into harbour.
		The springs, after which the town in named, lie to the north-east of the town and were discovered in 1871.
	www.geocities.com /TheTropics/Lagoon/8157/dy6.html (650 words)

	Cronin Families of Cork
		Adolphe Thiers was named chief of the executive power in France but Paris refused to submit to his authority and the 'Commune of Paris' was formed.
		Commissioning of HMS Devastation, the first mastless iron battleship.
		Her sisters, Thunderer (1877) and Dreadnought (1879) followed but the concept of mastless steam ships was not wholeheartedly accepted by the navy and it was to be many years before the experiment was repeated.
	homepages.paradise.net.nz /hanson/1870s.html (1008 words)

	"AS I SEE IT"
		The deaths of combatants, the slaughter of innocents, the massive direct expense of war-making, the widespread devastation of property and infrastructure, and the multiplied human suffering in the aftermath.
		1871), Anglican (and, therefore, Protestant) New Testament Greek scholar published in four volumes a commentary, The Greek Testament, which was completed a decade before his death.
		That Charles Darwin sailed on the HMS Beagle to South America, and visited the Galapagos Islands several hundreds of miles off the coast of Equador, there making observations which years later led to his fabrication of his theory of evolution via natural selection, is common knowledge.
	www.kjvonly.org /aisi/2005/aisi_8_5_05.htm (4884 words)

	The Cerberus Guns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Treatise on the Construction and Manufacture of Ordnance in the British Service published in 1877 stated that the Mk I version "was introduced in 1868 for the Navy as a most powerful broardside gun".
		Unlike her sister ship, Magdala, near sister ship Abyssinia and the larger versions HMS Devastation, HMS Thunderer and the fifth HMS Dreadnought, Cerberus never had her guns upgraded.
		The gun installed in 1885 was obtained from Sydney where it had been held in reserve for HMS Nelson.
	www.cerberus.com.au /guns.html (1013 words)

	HMS Warrior, Ironclad!
		Major advances in ship design during the 1860's, especially from America with its turreted ships, ensured that the Warrior’s reign as ‘ruler of the seas’ was destined to be very short lived and she was overtaken by more advanced vessels.
		During WW II her name was given to a Canadian Aircraft-Carrier and with the breaking up of HMS Vanguard in 1960 could be called the last surviving British battleship.
		At times during the year HMS Warrior is taken over by the Alabama Crew.
	home.freeuk.net /gazkhan/warrior.htm (1764 words)

	Accelerator and Brake : Articles : Journal for Maritime Research
		With the Devastation (1871) masts and sails were relinquished, though some later battleship designs continued to feature increasingly redundant sailing rigs.
		This was a direct result of the immense weight penalty imposed by armour that was still made of iron, compounded by the fact that machinery was still heavy and inefficient, and often rationalised by the argument that a low-lying vessel presented a more difficult target to opposing gunfire21.
		Even Jacky Fisher, when a young Commander in 1871, set out the line abreast for ‘ram or be rammed’ situations as one of the two basic tactical formations.
	www.jmr.nmm.ac.uk /server/show/conJmrArticle.14/setPaginate/No (8728 words)

	Colonial Wargames - Victorian Artillery Data - Muzzle Loading Artillery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Used aboard HMS Monarch, HMS Captain, HMS Glatton, HMS Hotspur, HMS Devastation, HMS Thunderer, and HMS Neptune.
		Used aboard HMS Sultan, HMS Hercules, HMS Alexandra, HMS Temeraire, HMS Superb, HMS Cerberus, HMS Magdala, HMS Abyssinia, HMS Rupert, HMS Cyclops, HMS Gorgon, HMS Hecate, HMS Hydra, HMS Shannon, HMS Nelson, and HMS Northumberland.
		Used aboard HMS Ajax, HMS Blenheim, HMS Edinburgh, HMS Hogue, HMS Cornwallis, HMS Hastings, HMS Hawke, HMS Pembroke, HMS Russell, HMS Mersey, and HMS Orlando.
	www.colonialwargames.org.uk /Miscellany/Weapons/Artillery/ML.htm (572 words)

	Foreign Ironclads (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The obvious break points in this scheme are the end of the Napoleonic Wars (obviously the greatest sea wars of the Age of Fighting Sail) and the commissioning of the first steam warship Demologos in 1815; the bombardment of Kinburn by French ironclads in 1855; and the laying down of HMS Dreadnought in 1905.
		With no obvious event to serve as a breakpoint, however, the end of the ironclad period is more difficult to pinpoint.
		Hyena, Panter (1870), Adder, Haai, Wesp (1871), Luipaard (1876)
	www.wideopenwest.com /~jenkins/ironclads/foreign.htm (517 words)

	Fiji Guide: The Book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		No garments confined his magnificent chest and neck, or concealed the natural colour of the skin, a clear but decided fl; and in spite of his paucity of attire - the evident wealth which surrounded him showing that it was a matter of choice and not necessity - he 'looked every inch a king'.
		In 1871 the Cakobau government was established at Levuka.
		When it became obvious in 1942 that the island was doomed to devastation by phosphate stripping, Rabi Island, near Vanua Levu, was given to the Banabans as a new home by the Great Council of Chiefs.
	www.fijiguide.com /cgi-bin/fijicon.pl?04-fc.fij (22879 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Subject Re HMS Ark Royal Jecobin have a set of drawing of the ship as she was in 1985.Since then she has had a major refit so there are a lot of changes to the ship.
		She was given a full three-masted siling rig for the voyage out but I have not found enough accurate information to reproduce that (yet) - look at the image library at www.cerberus.com.au - there is a picture called "the arrival" that shows her with three masts, etc. Note also the built up bulwarks.
		Hull beam-length ratio was different, the breastwork came right to the sides on the Devastation, the superstructure is completely different, etc. I have Devastation on my "to do" list but she's some way down - if I got enough interest I could bump her up the list.
	smmlonline.com /archives/VOL2749.txt (1440 words)

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