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Topic: HPA axis

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	Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) is a major part of the neuroendocrine system that controls reactions to stress and has important functions in regulating various body processes such as digestion, the immune system and energy usage.
		The HPA axis is believed to be involved in the neurobiology of mood disorders and functional illnesses, including anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, clinical_depression, burnout, chronic fatigue syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome.
		Researchers have focused on the effects of monoamine neurotransmitters in regulating the activity of the HPA axis, especially dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal_axis (838 words)

	[No title]
		And the scheme was presented of effect of the HPA axis activation on adrenal glands which later affects the immunity.
		Activation of the HPA axis to release CRH, ATH, and glucocorticoids during stress seems to be the key function of the IL-1, as the the author of "Cytokines: Stress and Immunity" concludes from previous studies.
		HPA axis, in its turn, enables the organism to adapt to such insults as diseases and emotional or physical trauma (9).
	sulcus.berkeley.edu /mcb/165_001/papers/manuscripts/_348.html (2046 words)

	CoGENT Study Description - HPA Axis/Dopamine Interactions in Psychotic Depression
		This is a continuing study on the roles Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis and central dopamine dysregulation play in the pathogenesis of psychotic thinking (e.g., delusions) in major depression.
		Our original Specific Aims were to determine precisely which parts of the HPA axis were overactive and could be responsible for altered dopamine activity reported in patients with the disorder and to begin to elucidate the mechanisms by which this may occur.
		Impairment in declarative memory is correlated with HPA axis ractivity in both depressed patients and controls.
	cogent.stanford.edu /hpa.asp (686 words)

	HPA Modelling - Paper
		Efforts are currently underway to validate the model for a large variety of normal and pathological perturbations of the HPA axis.
		HPA axis dysfunction has been found to occur during psychiatric illness [1-5].
		Therefore, study of HPA axis functioning is important to further our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.
	www.chip.org /projects/hpa/paper-hpa.html (2497 words)

	CFS-Information International \| HPA \| HPA-axis
		Naloxone mediated activation of the HPA is attenuated in CFS.
		Excessive opioid inhibition of the HPA is thus an unlikely explanation for the HPA dysregulation in this disorder’, Scott et al., 1998, Urinary free cortisol was significantly lower in the subjects with chronic fatigue syndrome regardless of the presence or absence of current or past comorbid psychiatric illness’,
		The HPA axis and FM HPA-axis functioning in FM has been studied, Bennett et al., 1997, Griep et al., 1998, Adler et al., 1999.
	www.cfids-cab.org /cfs-inform/Hpa/hpa.html (1175 words)

	Leptin Diabetes and the HPA axis
		Unfortunately, the axis response to hypoglycemia is impaired in diabetic patients, leading to a vicious cycle of recurrent hypoglycemia and even death.
		My laboratory colleges and I are trying to study and understand the effects of diabetes and hypoglycemia on basal HPA activty.
		My interest is to examine whether leptin, a newly discovered hormeone, restoration in diabetic animals can modulate HPA function, thus minimizing the hypoglycemia probability in diabetic patients.
	eitanakirav.tripod.com (184 words)

	Endotext.com - Adrenal Physiology And Diseases, AIDS/HPA Axis
		The HPA axis, together with the systemic sympathetic and adrenomedullary systems, are the peripheral limbs of the stress system, whose main function is to maintain basal and stress-related homeostasis (3).
		The HPA axis interacts with the immune system, sensing inflammatory signals, such as the cytokines tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa), interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6, and modulating the activity of this system primarily via its end product, glucocorticoids.
		Based on the above evidence, it appears that the function of the HPA axis in AIDS patients is generally preserved and it is not likely that the hypotension, hyponatremia and hypovolemia seen in AIDS patients at the end-stage of their disease is the result of primary adrenal insufficiency.
	www.endotext.org /adrenal/adrenal19/adrenal19.htm (3889 words)

	EPA - Endocrine \| Developmental Exposure to Dioxin/PCBs
		Description: Several lines of evidence suggest the HPA axis may be impacted by developmentalexposure to dioxin and the related polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)s.
		Altered HPA axis function is found in many disorders characterizedby body weight dysfunction and altered development of the hypothalamus isaccompanied by neuroendocrine disturbances.
		Function of the HPA axis is assessed in several ways including (1) endotoxinchallenge, (2) 2-deoxyglucose challenge, (3) restraint stress challenge.
	www.epa.gov /endocrine/inventory/NTD-MIL1.html (360 words)

	Alcohol Research & Health: Alcohol, Aging, and the Stress Response
		The aging process may impair the HPA axis' ability to adapt to chronic alcohol exposure.
		Fur thermore, HPA axis activation may contribute to the premature or exaggerated aging associated with chronic alcohol consumption.
		A second possibility is that the HPA axis may be activated in response to certain stimulus properties of alcohol as part of a more coordinated, "whole body" stress response.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0CXH/is_4_23/ai_63506636 (1365 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: VAN HOOREN, DANIELLA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Excitatory and inhibitory signals are summated at the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and translated into a decision to initiate the hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axis response to stress.
		The present study is a test of the hypothesis that iGluRs containing the GluR5 subunit are involved in activation of the HPA axis.
		We found that both LY382884 and ATPA activate the HPA axis, and suggest that these compounds may be functioning on fundamentally different receptors at different neuroanatomical locations.
	rave.ohiolink.edu /etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1080156678 (197 words)

	HPA axis dysfunction found in bipolar patients (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Patients with bipolar disorder have impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) function, say researchers who suggest such dysfunction may be a trait marker for the condition.
		To test for HPA axis dysfunction, Stuart Watson (University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK) and colleagues measured responses to the combined dexamethasone/corticotrophin-releasing hormone (dex/DRH) test and the dexamethasone suppression test in 53 patients with bipolar I disorder and 28 mentally healthy controls.
		"This suggests that the HPA axis dysfunction in patients with bipolar disorder does not have a temporal relationship to the period of remission," they write.
	www.psychiatrysource.com /psychsource/News/article589.htm (312 words)

	The Impact of HIV Infection on the HPA Axis, Cytokines and Cognition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Impact of HIV Infection on the HPA Axis, Cytokines and Cognition
		Since these areas are associated with HPA axis and autonomic activities as well as cognition, it has been hypothesized that these functions will be impacted adversely in HIV-1 infection.
		HIV-1 Infection and its Impact on the HPA Axis, Cytokines, and Cognition.
	www.hivandhepatitis.com /recent/cns/092403d.html (234 words)

	Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute Faculty: Elizabeth A. Young
		In addition to clinical studies, I have conducted basic science studies on chronic stress that were designed to understand some of the regulatory, adaptive changes that the HPA axis undergoes with chronic stress.
		Recent studies also examined the role of comorbid anxiety disorders on the HPA axis and we have shown a much greater response to a public speaking task stressor (TSST, Fig 2) in patients with both depression and anxiety disorders.
		Ongoing work is focused on determining whether excess activation of the HPA axis in depression is circadian phase specific or occurs around the clock.
	www.mbni.med.umich.edu /mbni/faculty/young/young.html (462 words)

	Potential key HPA axis dysregulation feature in MDD identified (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Contrary to expectations, investigators have found that the characteristic feature of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) may be erratic cortisol secretion, rather than hypercortisolism.
		"Dysregulation of the HPA axis is an important feature of MDD, but relatively little attention has been given to within-person variability of hormone secretion over time," observe Frenk Peeters (Maastricht University, The Netherlands) and colleagues.
		Although the underlying cause of this increased intraindividual variability remains unclear, Peeters et al suggest that vulnerability factors may combine with clinical characteristics to produce a spectrum of HPA axis disturbances in MDD.
	www.psychiatrysource.com /psychsource/News/article467.htm (338 words)

	Minireview: Neuro-Immuno-Endocrine Modulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis by gp130 Signaling ...
		permanent alteration of the HPA axis in adulthood (20).
		of the complex HPA axis response to stress or inflammation.
		Hannibal J, Jessop DS, Fahrenkrug J, Harbuz MS, Larsen PJ 1999 PACAP gene expression in neurons of the rat hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis is induced by endotoxin and interleukin-1ß.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/143/5/1571 (2483 words)

	Frontiers in Bioscience 4, d514-519, June 1, 1999]
		This influence was reversed by blockade of nitric oxide with arginine derivatives, suggesting that this gas participates in the inhibitory action of prolonged alcohol on the HPA axis.
		The functional connections between the immune system and the HPA axis are essential for appropriate responses to homeostatic threats due to pathogens [see (1) for ref.].
		PGs exert a stimulatory influence on the HPA axis, as indicated by the ability of PG blockers to block CRF (34) and ACTH responses to immune signals (35-38).
	www.bioscience.org /1999/v4/d/rivier/fulltext.htm (3895 words)

	NIDA - The Hpa Axis in HIV-1 Infection
		NIDA - The Hpa Axis in HIV-1 Infection
		Several lines of evidence suggest that neuroendocrine abnormalities in general and HPA activity in particular occur in both HIV-1 infection and individuals indulging in drug abuse.
		Since HPA axis activity impacts cytokines such as IL-6, these findings are very important in understanding the pathogenesis in the central nervous system of HIV-1-infected individuals.
	www.nida.nih.gov /MeetSum/Metabolic/KumarAbs.html (399 words)

	Community Forum - Symptoms of HPA Axis Suppression (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		I did a search on the web and couldn't find anything that listed the symptoms of HPA Axis Suppression, which I know is a possibility with the Olux.
		Before I call my Doctor and sound like a hypochondriac freak, I was hoping someone here might be able to help me rule out HPA as a possible cause of my issues.
		HP axis suppression is something the docs refer to when discussing hepititis, fatty liver, gout, and hemochromotosis.
	www.psoriasis.org /forum/printthread.php?t=11251 (1103 words)

	CFS Causes: Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) Axis
		Multiple laboratory studies have suggested that the central nervous system may have an important role in CFS.
		Physical or emotional stress, which is commonly reported as a pre-onset condition in CFS patients, activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, or HPA axis, leading to increased release of cortisol and other hormones.
		Cortisol and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), which are also produced during the activation of the HPA axis, influence the immune system and many other body systems.
	www.cfshub.com /hpaaxis.html (308 words)

	fibromyalgia-cfs-symptoms-vip-information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Other groups of researchers have focused on the neuroendocrine (pertaining to the anatomic and functional relationships between the nervous system and the endocrine system) aspects of fibromyalgia and found hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction in these patients.
		The HPA is a critical component of the stress-adaptation response.
		Circadian regulation and the stress-induced stimulation of the HPA axis are, in part, regulated by serotonin.
	www.fibromyalgia-symptom-relief.com /science.htm (3297 words)

	Find in a Library: GluR5 is involved in regulation of the HPA axis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Find in a Library: GluR5 is involved in regulation of the HPA axis
		GluR5 is involved in regulation of the HPA axis
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/ea39b594d74d6927a19afeb4da09e526.html (66 words)

	Department of Psychology
		Taymans, S.E., DeVries, A.C., DeVries, M.B., Nelson, R.J., Friedman, T.C., Castro, M., Detera-Wadleigh, S., Carter, C.S. & Chrousos, G.P. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster): evidence for target tissue resistance.
		Carter, A.C. & DeVries, A.C. Oxytocin and vasopressin influence the traits of monogamy and the activity of the HPA axis.
		DeVries, A.C. Frank A. Beach Award: Interaction among social environment, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and behavior.
	faculty.psy.ohio-state.edu /devries (1248 words)

	EPA - Endocrine \| Plasticity in the HPA Axis of Spawning Kokanee Salmon
		Plasticity in the HPA Axis of Spawning Kokanee Salmon
		Project Title: PLASTICITY IN THE HPA AXIS OF SPAWNING KOKANEE SALMON
		Description: Salmon fish have a remarkable reproductive cycle among vertebrate animalsbecause in many species the adults die after spawning.
	www.epa.gov /endocrine/inventory/NSF-014.html (248 words)

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