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Topic: HPV

	Human Papillomavirus and Genital Warts, NIAID Fact Sheet
		Some types of HPV cause genital warts-single or multiple bumps that appear in the genital areas of men and women including the vagina, cervix, vulva (area outside of the vagina), penis, and rectum.
		HPV infection is usually diagnosed based on results from an abnormal Pap smear, a primary cancer-screening tool for cervical cancer or pre-cancerous changes of the cervix.
		Gardasil is a vaccine that prevents infection with four HPV types: 6, 11, 16, and 18.
	www.niaid.nih.gov /factsheets/stdhpv.htm (1446 words)

	Bethesda 2001: Revised System for Pap Results - National Cancer Institute
		The HPV types that cause the common warts that grow on hands and feet are not transmitted sexually and differ from those that cause growths in the mouth and genital area.
		HPVs that can lead to the development of cancer are referred to as "high-risk." Both high-risk and low-risk types of HPVs can cause the growth of abnormal cells, but usually only the high-risk types may lead to cancer.
		The HPV test checks directly for genetic material (DNA) of HPV, and may be used to determine which women with an ambiguous Pap test result known as ASC-US (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance) are most likely to have underlying precancerous or cancerous changes on their cervix.
	newscenter.cancer.gov /newscenter/benchmarks-vol2-issue4/page2 (1414 words)

	SFCC :: STD Basics : HPV
		Warts caused by HPV are not the same warts commonly found on hands and feet, and one type of wart can not be passed from one body part (hands and feet) to another (genital area).
		HPV is considered to be the most common STD in the U.S. People who have had unprotected sex with more than two partners in their lifetime have probably been exposed to the virus.
		As HPV is determined via clinical diagnosis without a confirmatory lab test, it is almost impossible to determine the exact number of people in San Francisco who have the virus.
	www.dph.sf.ca.us /sfcityclinic/stdbasics/hpv.asp (1075 words)

	Human Papillomaviruses and Cancer: Q & A - National Cancer Institute
		HPVs may also cause flat, abnormal growths in the genital area and on the cervix (the lower part of the uterus that extends into the vagina).
		Studies also suggest that HPVs may play a role in cancers of the anus, vulva, vagina, and some cancers of the oropharynx (the middle part of the throat that includes the soft palate, the base of the tongue, and the tonsils) (1).
		HPV types that are more likely to lead to the development of cancer are referred to as “high-risk.” Both high-risk and low-risk types of HPV can cause the growth of abnormal cells, but generally only the high-risk types of HPV may lead to cancer.
	www.cancer.gov /cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/HPV (2434 words)

	HPV
		HPV infections of the cervix are believed to be the initiator of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (SIL), also known as dysplasia.
		The cells of the cervix appear to respond more rapidly to HPV with intraepithelial neoplasia than do the cells of the other genital areas (vagina, vulva, penis) of both men and women, so the risk of neoplasia in these areas in young adults is so low that it should not be of immediate concern.
		HPV infection is not a lifelong infection as herpes is thought to be.
	health.rutgers.edu /HPV/HPV.htm (2807 words)

	hpv (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		HPV can also be transmitted through skin to skin contact with infected areas such as during sexual activity and birth.
		HPV "occurs in westernized countries with a higher incidence in women with a history of early and frequent intercourse with multiple sexual partners, and often in those who belong to the lower socioeconomic groups(9),"according to the Control of Communicable Diseases Manual.
		HPV cannot be grown in culture; therefore, animals are used for testing HPV drugs and possible microbicides (5).
	www.austin.cc.tx.us /microbio/2704d/hpv.htm (1138 words)

	HPV
		HPV can be contracted by one person, cause absolutely no symptoms, and, months or years later, be transmitted to a new partner.
		Cancer of the cervix is almost always associated with high risk strains of HPV (although the vast majority of those with HPV infection never develop cancer).
		This vaccine protects against 4 strains of HPV (6, 11, 16, 18) that are responsible for the majority of genital warts and about 70% of cervical cancers.
	health.rutgers.edu /hpv (1226 words)

	Indiana University Health Center - Human Papilloma Virus
		HPV is transmitted sexually through intimate genital to genital contact, including vaginal or anal intercourse or only rarely through oral sex.
		The strains of HPV, which cause warts, are considered to be low risk HPV and are generally spread through sexual intimacy.
		HPV is very common; most sexually active people are infected at some point in their lives.
	www.indiana.edu /~health/hw/hpv.shtml (1346 words)

	Planned Parenthood - HPV
		HPV is so common that about three out of four people have HPV at some point in their lives.
		HPV infections that do not go away can "hide" in the body for years and not be detected.
		But they are not as effective in preventing HPV as they are in preventing some other infections, such as HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis, because HPV may be present in skin that is beyond the area covered or protected by a condom.
	www.plannedparenthood.org /sexual-health/std/hpv.htm (1916 words)

	Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevention and HPV Vaccine: Questions and Answers - Sexual Health and Sexually Transmitted ...
		The types of HPV that infect the ano-genital area are not the same as the ones that infect other areas such as the fingers, hands and face.
		HPV types that are more likely to lead to the development of cancer are referred to as “high-risk.” It is important to note however that most women with high-risk HPV will not develop cervical cancer.
		HPV vaccines have been in development for many years and one of the vaccines has recently been approved for use in Canada (July 11, 2006).
	www.phac-aspc.gc.ca /std-mts/hpv-vph/hpv-vph-vaccine_e.html (940 words)

	Human Papilloma virus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a very common virus (germ) that causes abnormal cells or growth of tissue on the skin of the body.
		HPV is important because the abnormal tissue caused by some types of the virus can lead to cancer of the female organs.
		HPV can grow on the cervix (opening to the uterus), vagina (birth canal), vulva (lips of the vagina), urethra (opening urine comes through) and the anus (opening for bowel movements).
	obgyn.uihc.uiowa.edu /Patinfo/Adhealth/hpv.htm (627 words)

	Fact sheet--HPV (human papillomavirus)
		HPV (human papillomavirus) is a sexually transmitted virus.
		Since there might not be any signs, a person may have HPV even if years have passed since he or she had sex.
		The FDA approved the HPV test to be used for women over 30 years old.
	www.fda.gov /womens/getthefacts/hpv.html (710 words)

	Genital Warts (HPV) Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention by MedicineNet.com
		Genital HPV infection is very common in the general population; estimates suggest that up to 50% of all sexually active people will be infected at some point in their lives.
		HPVs that infect the genital area are also associated with other less common genital cancers in men and women such as cancers of the anus, vagina, penis, and vulva.
		The HPV types that cause cervical cancer also have been linked with both anal and penile cancer in men as well as a subgroup of head and neck cancers in both women and men.
	www.medicinenet.com /genital_warts_in_women/article.htm (780 words)

	www.iwannaknow.org \| STDs - The Basics - Human Papillomavirus(HPV)
		HPV is sometimes called the wart virus because certain types of HPV cause warts on the hands, feet or genitals.
		HPV and genital warts are usually spread by direct, skin-to-skin contact during vaginal, anal or oral sex with a partner who already has the virus.
		The types of HPV that cause raised or "cauliflower"-shaped warts are not the same types that cause cervical, penile or anal cancer, although flat warts are often of the same type.
	www.iwannaknow.org /basics2/hpv.html (1876 words)

	The Body: Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
		A new HPV test called a reflex test is being used to follow up on Pap smear results that are not clear.
		HPV can be transmitted from person to person by direct contact with infected areas that aren't covered by a condom.
		HPV infection can last for a long time, especially in people who are HIV-positive.
	www.thebody.com /nmai/hpv.html (956 words)

	STD Facts - Human papillomavirus (HPV)
		Genital HPV infection is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).
		Most HPV infections have no signs or symptoms; therefore, most infected persons are unaware they are infected, yet they can transmit the virus to a sex partner.
		HPV infection can occur in both male and female genital areas that are covered or protected by a latex condom, as well as in areas that are not covered.
	www.cdc.gov /std/HPV/STDFact-HPV.htm (1185 words)

	HPV
		HPV is a family of over 100 viruses that affect different parts of the body.
		Some strains of HPV cause warts on the feet, hands, and other parts of the body, while other strains are sexually transmitted and cause warts that affect skin in the genital area -- the vulva, vagina, cervix, rectum, anus, penis, or scrotum.
		There are more than 30 strains of HPV that affect the genital area and depending on the type of HPV involved, symptoms can be in the form of wart-like growths or abnormal cell changes, especially in a woman's cervix, that can be precancerous.
	www.brown.edu /Student_Services/Health_Services/Health_Education/sexual_health/sti/hpv.htm (1636 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Latent HPV infection is not thought to be nearly as contagious as active or subclinical HPV infection - perhaps it is not contagious at all in this stage.
		Your skin would have to have some type of tear or cut for the HPV to infect (since the virus particles work by infecting the basal cells of the skin, that is, the cells down in the bottom layer of the skin).
		HPV is a temporary problem in that although researchers aren't sure whether the body ever completely eradicates the virus itself, they do agree that eventually, a person who has had it in the past will no longer be contagious.
	www.healthandhpv.com /faq.htm (4662 words)

	Understanding HPV
		The first approved HPV vaccine, called Gardasil, is approved for girls and women ages 9 to 26 and protects against the development of cervical cancer.
		The absence of high-risk HPV types indicates that a woman is at low risk for developing cervical changes related to the risk of cervical cancer.
		If a woman tests positive for high-risk HPV types, her health care provider will perform yearly Pap tests to check for any cell changes that might be pre-cancerous or that need to be treated.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /health/health-info/docs/3800/3808.asp?index=11901 (1321 words)

	HPV - Forces of Nature
		In the case of HPV, the infection is actually localized directly to the infected point in the skin, as opposed to herpes simplex, where the virus goes through the skin and into the nerve cells, traveling up the nerve cell connection to the nerve ganglia by the spinal cord, where the virus lives.
		HPV on the skin may be passed to another person when that person touches the wart.
		HPV is transmitted to another area of the body or to another person through the contact by an infected piece of skin with a non-infected piece of skin.
	www.forces-of-nature.net /topics/warts/hpv.htm (1232 words)

	CSHC - Genital Warts & HPV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Genital HPV is a sexually transmitted infection that is caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV).
		HPV is easy to transmit because HPV lives in the skin and is found on skin surfaces.
		HPV infections that cause visible external genital warts are not linked with cancer.
	healthcenter.ucdavis.edu /topics/genitalwarts.html (674 words)

	HPV: The Test
		If the HPV DNA test and Pap smear are negative and the woman does not have an underlying health condition, such as HIV or immunosuppression, then the guidelines suggest that she may wait three years before having another Pap smear and HPV DNA test.
		Doctors may order the HPV DNA test as a cervical cancer screening test, along with the Pap smear test, when a woman is 30 years old or older and at intervals of 3 years if initial testing is negative.
		HPV types 6 and 11 typically cause venereal warts, and (along with types 42, 43, and 44) have a low risk of progressing to cancer.
	www.labtestsonline.org /understanding/analytes/hpv/test.html (848 words)

	NCCC
		Genital HPV inf ections are estimated to be the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States (U.S.), with roughly 5.5 million persons becoming newly infected each year.
		This prospective cohort study of HPV infection and cervical neoplasia is based on the recruitment and ongoing 7-year follow-up of a random sample of approximately 10,000 women 18+ years of age, residing in Guanacaste.
		The study is the companion to the prospective study of HPV and cervical neoplasia in Portland, which is a very low-risk, well-screened, mainly white middle-class U.S. population.
	www.nccc-online.org /hpv.php (1539 words)

	HPV
		HPV persists in the body, but genital warts can be treated using a variety of methods.
		The disease has two presenting symptoms: flat warts (caused by HPV 3 and 10) and scaly patches (caused by 20+ rare strains) Patients with this disease often develop skin cancer after exposure to ultravioulet light.
		Cervical cancer is highly associated with HPV strains 16 and 18.
	www.stanford.edu /group/virus/papova/HPV.html (951 words)

	Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A human papillomavirus (HPV) test is done to detect an HPV infection and determine the type of HPV present.
		In women, high-risk types of HPV (such as types 16, 18, 31, and 45) cause changes in the cells of the cervix that can be seen as abnormal changes on a Pap test.
		An HPV test is done to determine the cause of minor cervical cell changes of unknown cause, or ASC (atypical squamous cells).
	www.webmd.com /cancer/Human-Papillomavirus-HPV-Test (535 words)

	STD For Dummies - HPV
		Research shows that it is uncommon for HPV to be found in the mouth in the form of warts (or lesions).
		Likewise, transmitting HPV through hand to genital contact is largely referred to as theoretical (especially after genital warts have been successfully removed) and would be rare, at best.
		The types of HPV that cause raised or "cauliflower"-shaped warts are not the same types that cause cervical, penile or anal cancer, although flat warts are often of the same type.
	www.std-for-dummies.org /hpv.html (2389 words)

	HPV
		HPV commenced in July 2001 and has a responsibility to facilitate reform of the procurement system for Victorian hospitals and health services.
		HPV is currently seeking a suitably qualified and experienced person to be appointed to a Senior Contract Officer position.
		HPV is pleased to advise that the contract for Radiopharmaceuticals is in place and will commence on 1st December 2006.
	www.hpv.org.au (806 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Genital warts
		Because HPV can lead to cancerous and precancerous changes in the cervix, it is important that this condition be diagnosed and treated.
		HPV can be passed from person to person even when there are no visible warts or other symptoms.
		A new vaccine called Gardasil prevents infection against four of the HPV strains responsible for the majority of genital warts and cervical cancer in women.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000886.htm (1045 words)

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