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Topic: HRSG

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	HRSG - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A HRSG (heat recovery steam generator) is a heat exchanger that recovers heat from a hot gas stream.
		A common application for a HRSG is in a Combined cycle power station, where hot exhaust from a gas turbine is fed to a HRSG to generate steam which in turn drives a steam turbine.
		In the energy rich gulf region, the steam from the HRSG is used for desalination plants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/HRSG (294 words)

	Fundamentals
		HRSG's are popular today because of the efficiency gains that are accomplished with the re-use of waste heat from turbines.
		Fundamentally HRSG's are large heat exchangers and follow the thermodynamic laws that govern heat transfer.
		Where M is the steam mass flow rate, Q is the heat from equation 1 minus losses for blowdown and casing, and ΔH is the change in enthalpy from feedwater enthalpy to the enthalpy of the final steam conditions.
	www.hrsg.com /Fundamentals.htm (413 words)

	Steaming in HRSG Economizers
		One of the problems frequentlyencountered in gas turbine HRSGs is economizer steaming or steam formation in economizers,particularly at low loads or low steam generation levels.This may result in vibration,noise problems,deposit formation inside tubes and consequent fouling and poor performance.In order to solve the problem one should first understand why and how this occurs.
		The HRSG consists of a superheater evaporator and economizer generating steam at 600 psig.For the design case,a pinch and approach point of 15 F was used when the gas turbine operates at 100 % load at the design ambient temperature.
		Due to the low inlet gas temperature to the HRSG(712 F vs 1019 F),the exit gas temperature from the evaporator is slightly lower as well as the duty or energy transferred to superheater and evaporator.Hence lesser steam is generated.
	vganapathy.tripod.com /stming.html (678 words)

	Welcome to Chemithon Enterprises (Heat Recovery Steam Generators)
		This HRSG was coupled to a GE LM 5000 Gas Turbine and operated as a combined cycle plant.
		This HRSG was coupled to a GE LM 5000 Gas Turbine with steam reinjecting and operated as a simple cycle plant.
		This HRSG was coupled to a GE Frame 7 Gas Turbine and operated as a combined cycle plant.
	www.chemithon.com /conhrs.html (233 words)

	HRSG simulation - Theory and Examples
		HRSG simulation is a method of predicting the design or off-design performance of Water tube,natural or forced circulation HRSGs or Waste Heat Boilers.
		Then the HRSG supplier can be approached for quotes etc. There is no use approaching the HRSG supplier without performing such an analysis as system optimization studies,such as optimizing steam pressures or temperatures,whether multiple pressure are required etc is determined by simulation consideraing the entire plant.
		We bought a HRSG with performance guarantees based on 550,000 lb/h at 1000 F and 79,400 lb/h steam at 600 psig,700 F with 230 F feed water.
	vganapathy.tripod.com /hrsgs.html (1779 words)

	other
		HRSG simulation is one such tool which can predict the performance of single or multiple pressure HRSGs in various modes of operation such as unfired, fuel or fresh air fired cases without the user knowing about the HRSG in terms of tube size, fin density, tube spacing, tube length and so on.
		The consultant or developer of a cogeneration/combined cycle project is more familiar with the steam needs of the plant and the complete power plant cycle and hence he is in a position to optimize the cycle and the steam parameters based on gas/steam turbine data.
		Exhaust gas flow from a gas turbine is 500,000 lb/h at 900 F. Gas analysis is:% volume co2=3,h2o=7,n2=75,o2=15.The HRSG is required to generate 31,500 lb/h of high pressure steam at 600 psig and 600 F and a maximum of 150 psig saturated steam.
	www.indiaboiler.com /steam11.htm (1494 words)

	Modified bottoming cycle for cooling inlet air to a gas turbine combined cycle plant - Patent 6173563 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As discussed herein, a "chiller" positioned outside the HRSG uses a multi-component working fluid to cool the air inlet to the gas turbine to thereby improve the total output power of the turbine particularly when the ambient air temperature of the feed to the gas turbine exceeds about 60.degree.
		Yet a further need is to modify the low pressure section of an HRSG that heats the water before it enters the low pressure boiler (sometimes called the low pressure "economizer" section of the HRSG) by using a portion of the economizer waste heat to operate an ammonia/water cycle as described in greater detail below.
		The modification to the bottoming cycle proposed by the present invention improves the efficiency of the HRSG and overall power rating of the combined cycle by utilizing a portion of this remaining waste heat in the "economizer" section in combination with a separate, multi-component working fluid.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6173563.html (3767 words)

	Water tube HRSG from Gas Turbines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		HRSG is a strategic part of a CHP system recovering the waste heat of exhaust gases from GT providing high thermal efficiencies, reducing thermal emissions and improving overall energy economics with high profitability of industrial plant.
		Adopting the correct plant design, Bono Energia HRSG’s are suitable to recover waste heat from GT flue gases whenever these are produced by combustion of natural gas or light oil.
		HRSG economiser recovers waste energy from the flue gases downstream the convection section and transfers it to the boiler feed water increasing thermal efficiency and reducing thermal emissions.
	www.bono.it /prodotti/tipi.asp?tipopassato=wthrsgfg1tipobe&cmp=be (873 words)

	HRSG Users Handbook
		In 2003, the HRSG User's Group supplied the combined-cycle/cogen industry with a sorely needed technical reference on heat-recovery steam generators.
		Not willing to rest on its laurels, the HRSG User's Group commissioned a comprehensive update and expansion of the book just three years later, to more thoroughly cover the wide range of steam-plant topics and to reflect our industry's ever deepening understanding of design, operation, and maintenance.
		The 2nd Edition captures the industry's latest and best thinking, with all-new chapters contributed by a team of 30 combined-cycle authorities-all experts in their respective fields who have actively participated in HRSG User's Group meetings for many years, and who know first-hand the information needed to achieve operational excellence.
	www.hrsgusers.org /practices.php (219 words)

	Power Engineering - Maintenance Workshop Tackles the Challenges of P91/T91 and HRSG Layup
		HRSG manufacturers, therefore, need to institute tight quality-control procedures in their shops, to ensure that P91/T91 components are shipped with the mechanical properties that designers and users expect (Figure 1).
		Proper layup of an HRSG begins the moment that assemblies are fabricated and prepared for shipment.
		Finally, if oxygen scavengers are not used when the HRSG is operating, they should not be used when it is in layup, since it's best to keep the same environment in your operating and shutdown programs.
	pepei.pennnet.com /Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Section=CURRI&ARTICLE_ID=196416&VERSION_NUM=4&p=6 (3072 words)

	Power Technology - CMI HRSG - Horizontal and Vertical Heat Recovery Steam Generators
		CMI HRSG, a division of the Belgian Group Cockerill Maintenance Ingenierie, is the leading European manufacturer of heat recovery steam generators for gas turbines.
		The total quantity of HRSG in the CMI list of reference was over 480 in January 2005 for both designs, vertical and horizontal.
		The horizontal HRSG design was developed to meet the requirements of local American operators, from erection by EPC to base load operation.
	www.power-technology.com /contractors/boilers/cmi (815 words)

	EPRI Portfolio 2007 - 88 Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) Dependability
		HRSG operators using the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) cycle chemistry advisor for combined-cycle plants will have the real-time advice and guidance needed to rapidly recognize and respond to abnormal cycle chemistry events.
		HRSG tube failures (HTFs) are the major cause of combined-cycle availability and capacity losses.
		Work is in progress to develop the capability to conduct NDE and repairs from inside HRSG tubing, and link this with a deposit assessment tool to provide indications of heat transfer and the possible need for chemical cleaning.
	www.epri.com /portfolio/product.aspx?id=2106 (1019 words)

	HRSG Technologies
		A license agreement with NEM bv of the Netherlands, provides DES with access to 'state of the art' technology for HRSG's behind Gas Turbines.
		These are based on an HRSG, together with any special firing regimes, auxiliary boiler, diverter damper, etc tailored to meet customer needs.
		Complete HRSG packages can be engineered, supplied, & installed "in-house" using extensive facilities & capabilities of Downer-EDI Group sister Companies, including civil works, heavy module & component fabrication, instrumentation and control, electrical equipment, and mechanical and electrical installation.
	www.energysystems.com.au /pages/hrsg.htm (457 words)

	Appeal of Town of Newington (NHDES)
		DES also denied an exemption to the portion of the demineralization system that is associated with the HRSG, but indicated that a tax exemption for the portion associated with the water injection system would be appropriate.
		In objecting to NEL’s request for rehearing on the HRSG ruling, the town did not provide any additional evidence to support its position, but referred to other facilities within the State for which DES had denied an exemption for the HRSG and insisted that the sole function of the HRSG was to increase power production.
		However, DES found that the sole purpose of the HRSG is heat recovery and power augmentation because it does not treat air pollution and therefore denied a tax exemption.
	www.state.nh.us /judiciary/supreme/opinions/2003/newin048.htm (2627 words)

	HRSG : Home : Welcome
		HRSG moves offices as we continue to expand
		HRSG's unique and creatively strategic approach to human resource management ensures that your organization has the right PEOPLE with the right SKILLS using the right TOOLS based on the right PLAN, to support the strategic vision.
		HRSG is pleased to offer a number of HR products specifically designed for Small to Medium size businesses.
	www.hrsg.ca (119 words)

	Bremco, Inc. - HRSG Know How
		Feedwater preheaters are often used in HRSGs as the last stage of heat recovery before the stack.
		Erosion/corrosion is a progressive form of waterside metal wastage that strips away metal from the inside of pipes and tubes.
		Bremco suggests that HRSG users check boiler water for iron content, check target areas such as elbows and bends with an ultrasonic thickness tester and apply borescope inspection, where applicable.
	www.bremco.com /hrsg.htm (459 words)

	Database of Combined-Cycle Equipment Installed Worldwide
		Created in collaboration with the Utility Data Institute, the HRSG Data Set is a worldwide listing of combined-cycle plants that identifies over 7,000 major components — HRSGs, gas turbines, and steam turbines — installed in 89 countries.
		Owner, location, manufacturer of the HRSG and rated steam conditions, manufacturer of the gas turbine and specific model, steam-turbine OEM, plant design team, constructor, fuels burned, plant operating status, even the type of NOx control.
		The HRSG Data Set is delivered on CD, in a large flatfile dbf format that can be opened directly with MS Excel, or imported into your database software for maximum effectiveness.
	www.hrsgusers.org /dataset.php (157 words)

	DAI Oildale Boiler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The HRSG receives heat from the CTG exhaust gas and produces steam at two pressure levels.
		The exhaust gas stream from the CTG is monitored for temperature and pressure drop through the HRSG.
		The exhaust gas stream emissions are continuously monitored for CO and NOx for facility records and control of NH3 injection.
	www.daioildale.com /hrsg.htm (115 words)

	TIW WESTERN -Heat Rrecovery Steam Generators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		TIWW is a leader in the design and manufacture of Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG’s) for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Projects.
		These units are custom designed to be installed behind Gas Turbines, taking the heat from the exhaust gas and exchanging it with softened water in the HRSG coils to generate approximately 75 to 80% quality steam.
		The EOR HRSG differs from the conventional HRSG in that it has individually controlled water/steam flow circuits.
	www.tiwwestern.com /hrsg.htm (213 words)

	HRSG : Learning
		HRSG's Learning Centre provides Clients with access to specialist learning and training programs, as well as interesting Articles and other research material related to strategic human resource management.
		These articles are free of charge, and may be used within your own organization with the understanding that credit will be ascribed to HRSG.
		HRSG often provides research material for newsletters and other publications upon request.
	www.hrsg.ca /index.php?sctn=6 (204 words)

	HRSG Casing Analysis - Mitsui Babcock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hot Casing units are constructed with all the insulation on the outside of the exhaust gas pressure boundary.
		Rectangular expansion joints, particularly for a hot casing design, are more subject to buckling deformation than round joints, but all types require careful consideration of the insulation location and flow plate clearances during operational cycles.
		Domestic experience on inspection and repair of all HRSG casing types has been growing, with considerable interest in being shown in the recording process.
	www.mitsuibabcock.com /live/cme199.htm (487 words)

	Corrosion Newsletter Number 7
		In a typical power plant, some HRSG systems undergo as many as 200 start-up and shutdown cycles per year.
		During start-up, the hot tubes were exposed to a slug of cold water resulting in thermal stresses large enough to induce low cycle fatigue.
		An HRSG system operating behind a gas turbine failed after three years under conditions of only moderate cycling.
	www.intercorr.com /hrsgdamage.htm (371 words)

	CTTS - HRSGs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Describe the basic purpose of a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG).
		Identify and describe components of the HP steam system and the reheat steam system, and describe fluid flow paths and operating parameters associated with the systems.
		Describe the purpose and operation of duct burners in a HRSG.
	www.twlk.com /Industrial/CTTShrsg.asp (225 words)

	Hessler Associates specializes on finding the most practical and cost effective solution to all types of industrial, ...
		Heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) are one of the main noise sources in a typical combined cycle power plant.
		Combustion turbine exhaust noise radiates from the side walls and exits out the top of the stack; steam vents are often powerful noise sources, and peripheral equipment such duct burner control skids, boiler feed pumps and blowdown systems can all be major noise problems.
		The challenge of differentiating far field HRSG noise from that of other plant sources (such as the CTG package and cooling tower, for example) has led us to develop special measurement and analysis techniques to quantify HRSG noise as a discrete quantity for design verification and compliance testing purposes.
	www.hesslernoise.com /s2-6-HRSG.htm (308 words)

	Boiler and Pressure Vessel engineering - How to specify supplementary firing equipments for HRSG
		The location can be at HRSG inlet duct or between first and second tube blocks counting from the gas turbine exhaust side.
		Specify if you want the HRSG to be able to be able to achieve its MCR rating even when the gas turbine is shutdown.
		When the gas turbine trips what do you want to happen, the HRSG shuts down or maintains output so an independent forced draft system is required.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=60419 (892 words)

	GE Energy - Combined Cycle/HRSG Evaluation Performance Evaluation
		GE's combined cycle/heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) performance evaluation service delivers a detailed analysis between measured and expected performance of the overall combined cycle plant and its components.
		We identify deltas under individual major components of the power plant (gas turbine, HRSG, steam turbine, condenser, and cooling tower), and then identify shortfalls for subcomponents such as the HRSG, gas turbine and steam turbine sections.
		The detailed subcomponent-level analysis enables identification and prioritization of the areas of the plant on which performance recovery or improvement efforts should be focused.
	www.gepower.com /prod_serv/serv/env_serv/en/thermal_perf/cc_hrsg.htm (136 words)

	Power Generation - HRSG
		Silentec is a vendor of Heat Recovery Steam Generator equipment.
		This include HRSG casing, ducts, structure, stack with damper, flexible joint, SCR structure, acoustic shroud, enclosure and silencer.
		Silentec provide strong field support to assist its customers and erectors and to fix field problems in a timely manner.
	eldadaelectronics.tripod.com /silentec/id26.html (66 words)

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