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Topic: HVDC

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	Power Engineering International - HVDC Systems Gotland: the HVDC pioneer
		HVDC is also being used to support the growth of renewable energy and its integration into electricity grids.
		HVDC Light has fl start capability, enabling it to power up networks that have suffered a complete failure, and has improved stability and reactive power control at each end of the network compared with conventional HVDC technology.
		HVDC Light has been used in projects such as the Cross Sound Cable link in the USA, which was instrumental in restoring power quickly to consumers after the flout of August 2003.
	pepei.pennnet.com /Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Section=Curri&Subsection=Display&P=17&ARTICLE_ID=208541&KEYWORD=gotland&x=y (1560 words)

	HVDC
		HVDC or high-voltage, direct current systems are used for electric power transmission as an alternative technology to conventional alternating-current systems.
		HVDC can carry more power per conductor, because for a given power rating the constant voltage in a DC line is lower than the peak voltage in an AC line.
		The thyristor is a solid-state semiconductor device similar to the diode, but with an extra control terminal that is used to switch the device on at a particular instant during the AC cycle.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hv/HVDC.html (600 words)

	HVDC - Engineering
		HVDC or high-voltage, direct current electric power transmission systems contrast with the more common alternating-current systems as a means for the bulk transmission of electrical power.
		Because HVDC allows power transmission between unsynchronised AC distribution systems, it can help increase system stability, by preventing cascading failures from propagating from one part to another of a wider power transmission grid, whilst still allowing power to be imported or exported in the event of smaller failures.
		The controllability of current-flow through HVDC rectifiers and inverters, their application in connecting unsynchronized networks, and their applications in efficient under sea cables mean that HVDC cables are often used at national boundaries for the exchange of power.
	engineering.wikia.com /wiki/HVDC (3577 words)

	: Innovative HVDC technology for energy efficiency and grid reliability
		HVDC stations convert electricity from AC to DC and then back to AC again, and allow the electricity to flow in both directions so that demand and supply are matched more effectively.
		HVDC has negligible electromagnetic fields and requires fewer transmission lines, so less land has to be cleared.
		HVDC Light is used in the world's longest underground high-voltage interconnection, running 177 kilometers between the Australian states of Victoria and South Australia.
	www.abb.ee /cawp/seitp202/90c259930bc6a9d4c125723700570cb6.aspx (634 words)

	Sea Breeze Pacific - Juan de Fuca Cable Project
		Video on HVDC technology - this video shows the effect of continuing to rely on aging infrastructure, old technology and minimum reliability standards.
		HVDC Light® is state-of-the-art power transmission technology that is environmentally friendly, and transmits power using underground and submarine cables.
		HVDC Light® is manufactured by ABB Inc. one of the world’s largest and most successful electrical manufacturing and engineering companies.
	www.jdfcable.com /hvdc.shtml (288 words)

	: Innovative HVDC technology for energy efficiency and grid reliability
		HVDC stations convert electricity from AC to DC and then back to AC again, and allow the electricity to flow in both directions so that demand and supply are matched more effectively.
		HVDC has negligible electromagnetic fields and requires fewer transmission lines, so less land has to be cleared.
		HVDC Light is used in the world's longest underground high-voltage interconnection, running 177 kilometers between the Australian states of Victoria and South Australia.
	www.mena.abb.com /cawp/seitp202/90c259930bc6a9d4c125723700570cb6.aspx (634 words)

	Manitoba HVDC Research Centre
		The Manitoba HVDC Research Centre cannot and does not warrant the accuracy, completeness, non-infringement, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose of any information available through these links and disclaims endorsement of its contents or opinions expressed on such sites.
		PSCAD™ and RTDS™ are registered trademarks of the Manitoba HVDC Research Centre Inc. EMTDC™ is a registered trademark of Manitoba Hydro.
		The materials located on the Manitoba HVDC Research Centre web site are protected by copyright, trademark, and other forms of proprietary rights and are owned or controlled by the Manitoba HVDC Research Centre or the party credited as the provider of the information.
	www.hvdc.ca /legal.html (161 words)

	ABB HVDC Classic - HGÜ (HVDC) (Lösungen für die Stromübertragung und -verteilung)
		Using HVDC to interconnect two points in a power grid, in many cases is the best economic alternative, and furthermore it has excellent environmental benefits.
		In a high voltage direct current (HVDC) system, electric power is taken from one point in a three-phase AC network, converted to DC in a converter station, transmitted to the receiving point by an overhead line or cable and then converted back to AC in another converter station and injected into the receiving AC network.
		HVDC transmissions are used for transmission of power over long or very long distances, because it then becomes economically attractive over conventional AC lines.
	www.abb.de /industries/us/9AAC751070.aspx (271 words)

	New Jersey And Long Island Linked With HVDC Transmission
		HVDC transmission systems allow quick regulation of load flows, thus contributing to the stability of the connected networks and limiting the effects of disturbances such as flouts.
		HVDC is called for whenever conventional alternating current transmission reaches the limits of technological and commercial viability.
		HVDC technology is used, for example, to connect networks over very long distances or via undersea cables.
	www.electricnet.com /content/news/article.asp?docid={0112F2C6-23FD-4D70-B9E0-88842EE0D20C}&VNETCOOKIE=NO (419 words)

	India adopts HVDC transmission
		HVDC comes into play if very high volumes of electricity need to be transmitted over distances above 800 km.
		HVDC ‘vacates’ massive quantum of power with ease to far away points.
		HVDC technology will be waiting to ferry this power to all corners of India.
	www.goodnewsindia.com /index.php/Supplement/article/india-adopts-hvdc-transmission (578 words)

	USEA/USAID Mitigation Options Handbook: Chapter 5: Section 5.1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		HVDC lines are less expensive than AC, but require converters at each terminal.
		HVDC is more economical than AC transmission for distances over 500 km for overhead transmission lines; 20-50 km for submarine cables; and 40-100 km for underground cables.
		An HVDC interconnection project between TNB of Malaysia and EGAT (Thailand) is scheduled to be operational by mid 1999.
	www.usea.org /climatechange/chapter4/index.html (715 words)

	VSC-HVDC
		With their controllability and unobstructive nature (fully underground), VSC HVDC offers some advantages over ac technology, while its limited power rating and high investment cost are clear disadvantages.
		Part of this plan consists of the introduction of a new connection between the 380 kV substations of Beverwijk and Bleiswijk (distance roughly 60 km).
		The feasibility of an installation of a VSC HVDC link between these two substations is investigated.
	www.esat.kuleuven.be /electa/vsc-hvdc (170 words)

	: HVDC Light - a reliable power performer (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is particularly suitable for small- and medium-scale power transmission applications, and extends the economical power range of HVDC transmission systems from 90 megawatts to - for the first time in 2006 - 1 gigawatt.
		HVDC Light's compact and lightweight design, short installation and commissioning time, low operation and maintenance cost and superior control of voltages, active and reactive power make it an excellent choice for a variety of applications, including:
		High-end technology like HVDC Light mitigates potential disturbances, such as “flicker,” and extends the economical power range of HVDC transmission down to just a few tens of MW, making it particularly suitable for small-scale power generation and transmission applications, such as the interconnection of offshore windfarms with the onshore grid.
	www.abb.com.my /cawp/seitp202/1f0d3bcf1d03b33ac125708b004d06f3.aspx (499 words)

	EPRI Portfolio 2007 - 162.001 Life Extension of Existing HVDC Systems (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Description: HVDC technology has seen enormous growth all around the world in the last 50 years, and close to 100 HVDC systems are in operation at present.
		For example, should it be shown that line insulators are starting to age and fail, then it may be necessary to obtain selected units from the field and compare these to the original designs, perhaps aging some in a controlled environment, and then matching the use of instrumentation to the identification of the failing units.
		A training tutorial on HVDC system life extension guidelines will be developed, for use in a self-study mode and in a classroom setting, to assist utility engineers.
	www.epri.com /Portfolio/product.aspx?id=1860 (1074 words)

	Offshore - HVDC Light improves efficiency, reduces emissions
		HVDC Light offers improved efficiency, reduced CO2, SOx, and NOx, increased power equipment lifetime, and higher availability of electrical power than gas turbines, Hörle said.
		HVDC Light can connect a platform to shore, multiple platforms, or shore to platform for energy supply.
		HVDC Light "is pretty advanced technology, but it's still fairly young.
	www.offshore-mag.com /Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Article_ID=173948 (466 words)

	ABB in the UK: The history of HVDC Part 1: The mercury arc valve era
		When the decision had to be made in the late forties the HVDC alternative was not yet ripe for such a major backbone transmission case.
		For the first application of commercial HVDC some other place had to be found.
		His development group had just completed work on a mercury arc valve for 25 kV, some 10 times the operating voltage of existing valves for industrial use, and tests were planned to start the same day.
	www.abb.co.uk /cawp/gad02181/5950ab82df908d0cc1256e89002f3e6f.aspx (904 words)

	ABB Poland: Itaipu
		The Itaipu HVDC Transmission Project in Brazil, owned by Furnas Centrais Elétricas in Rio de Janeiro (an Elétrobras company), is by far the most impressive HVDC transmission in the world.
		The Itaipu HVDC transmission consists of two bipolar HVDC transmission lines bringing power generated at 50 Hz in the 12 600 MW Itaipu hydropower plant, owned bu Itaipu Binacional, to the 60 Hz network in São Paulo, in the industrial centre of Brazil.
		HVDC was chosen basically for two reasons: partly to be able to supply power from the 50 Hz generators to the 60 Hz system, and partly because an HVDC link was economically preferable for the long distance involved.
	www.abb.pl /global/gad/gad02181.nsf/0/c1256d71001e0037c1256833006cb3a4?OpenDocument (270 words)

	ABB: Το Σύστημα HVDC
		Σε ένα HVDC σύστημα, η ηλεκτρική ενέργεια λαμβάνεται από ένα σημείο του τριφασικού δικτύου, μετατρέπεται σε συνεχές ρεύμα, σε ένα σταθμό μετατροπής και μεταφέρεται με εναέριες γραμμές ή υποθαλάσσια καλώδια, μέχρι το σημείο λήψης.
		H HVDC τεχνολογία χρησιμοποιείται για μεταφορά ενέργειας σε μεγάλες ή πολύ μεγάλες αποστάσεις γιατί είναι οικονομικά πιο ελκυστική, συγκρινόμενη με την μεταφορά εναλλασσόμενου ρεύματος.
		Με ένα HVDC σύστημα, ελέγχεται ταχύτατα και με ακρίβεια τόσο το επίπεδο όσο και η διεύθυνση της ροής ισχύος.
	www.abb.fr /global/abbzh/abbzh262.nsf/0/10bac4e7e60faa0cc2256cbb0048a7fb?OpenDocument (209 words)

	ENGINEERING STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA
		The first commercial HVDC line was built in 1954 between the island of Gotland and the Swedish mainland for a length of 98 Kilometers.
		The main advantages of HVDC transmission are, better economics, halved right-of-way requirements, lower transmission losses and better stability and controllability.
		Considering the growing importance of HVDC in very near future, the ESCI has thought it befitting to conduct a 3-day training programme on the subject of ‘ HVDC Transmission – Construction and Operation ‘.
	www.escihyd.org /hvdc.htm (562 words)

	ABB Poland: HVDC technology
		The conceptual design of the classic HVDC converter stations of today dates back from the mid 1970's, when thyristor valves were taking over in place of the mercury arc valves.
		A HVDC converter station uses thyristor valves to perform the conversion from AC to DC and vice versa.
		Several other apparatus are needed in a converter station, such as circuit breakers, current and voltage transducers, surge arresters, etc. The conceptual design of the classic HVDC converter stations remained unchanged until 1995, when ABB introduced HVDC with Capacitor Commutated Converters (CCC).
	www.abb.pl /cawp/GAD02181/C1256D71001E0037C1256831002BAFFE.aspx (321 words)

	HVDC Systems The HVDC technology
		The longest HVDC submarine cable presently in operation is the 250 km Baltic Cable transmission between Sweden and Germany.
		However, the terminal stations are more expensive in the HVDC case due to the fact that they must perform the conversion from AC to DC and vice versa.
		An HVDC converter station uses thyristor valves to perform the conversion from AC to DC and vice versa.
	tesla.rcub.bg.ac.yu /~alexxa/hvdcexp.html (1365 words)

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