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Topic: Habermas

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	Habermas links, Habermas rechts
		"Although Habermas bristled at the presumption that he has had "one great idea," the philosopher is willing, after some meditation, to admit to the existence of a "thread" that runs through his work.
		Unser Kritiker - Jürgen Habermas wird siebzig: eine Ideenbiographie by Axel Honneth
		"For Habermas, the public sphere is a homogeneous space of embodied subjects in symmetrical relations, pursuing consensus through the critique of arguments and the presentation of validity claims.
	www.helsinki.fi /~amkauppi/hablinks.html (3978 words)

	Jurgen Habermas - Jürgen Habermas a german philosopher, online resources on the egs
		Habermas embraced the critical theory of the Frankfurt School, a position that views contemporary Western society as maintaining a problematic conception of rationality inherently destructive in its impulse toward domination.
		Habermas thus stressed the importance for having an "ideal speech situation" in which citizens are able to raise moral and political concerns and defend them by rationality alone.
		Habermas believes that within his form of democracy, men and women aware of their interest in self-governance and responsibility would seek to adhere only to the most rational argument.
	www.egs.edu /resources/habermas.html (738 words)

	Body
		Habermas concludes that the problems of capitalist modernity are due to the obstacles it places in the way of rationalization in the moral-practical sphere.
		Habermas (1994: 124) distinguishes between the "pure" moral norms that describe "possible interactions between speaking and acting subjects in general", and legal norms that "refer to the network of interactions in a specific society".
		Habermas rather confuses the issues here by apologizing for using the chart to present his own views when in fact it was meant primarily as an explanation of Weber; but then he goes on to use it once again to present his own views.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/feenberg/marhab.html (10619 words)

	Ben Endres - Habermas and Critical Thinking
		Habermas attempts to provide criteria for ethical decisions that are grounded in contextually-defined human interaction through his argument for "discourse ethics." Discourse ethics consists essentially of a single abstract principle which underlies the pragmatic requirements of any argument.
		Habermas, in finding a grounding for the evaluation of ethical claims, is concerned only with conversations where people are discussing whether or not a particular practice is acceptable.
		Yet, for Habermas there are three dimensions of the lifeworld: the objective world, which represents facts independent of human thought and serves as a common reference point for determining truth; the social world, comprised of intersubjective relationships; and the subjective world of private experiences.
	www.ed.uiuc.edu /EPS/PES-Yearbook/96_docs/endres.html (4750 words)

	Notes on Habermas: Lifeworld and System
		Habermas does not want to give up money and power, but the legitimacy of their use depends on the qualitative media of influence and value-commitments.
		For Habermas the lifeworld has to be just there, furnishing this sense of who we are and who we value being, but it also requires constant reaffirmation (note a slight influence of Garfinkel’s idea of practical accomplishment).
		Habermas believes this colonization of lifeworld by system is a crisis, because the system media (money and power) have no legitimacy except that which the lifeworld furnishes.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~frank/habermas.html (3305 words)

	LINGUIST List 10.480: Habermas: Pragmatics... (Review #2)
		Habermas then defines "understanding a speech act" as knowing what makes it acceptable: besides the fact that a speech act obviously has to be comprehensible, the speaker and the hearer also assume that the speaker can provide grounds (truth claim) and justification (rightness) for her speech act, and that she can prove her trustworthiness (truthfulness).
		Habermas contends that the representational and the interpersonal functions are equally important and show that a classification of speech acts by means of Searle's concept of "direction of fit" is not adequate.
		Habermas argues that philosophy rightly clings to the role of "guardian of reason", because the question which beliefs are justified is still held to be different from the question which beliefs are socially accepted.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/10/10-480.html (3068 words)

	Biographie: Jürgen Habermas, geb. 1929
		Um der Hitlerjugend (HJ) zu entgehen, macht Habermas eine Ausbildung zum Hilfsarzt (Feldscher), was als Ersatz für eine Mitgliedschaft in der HJ anerkannt wird.
		Habermas arbeitet zunächst als freier Journalist, bis er 1956 von dem aus dem Exil zurückgekehrten Theodor W. Adorno zur Mitarbeit am wieder eröffneten Institut für Sozialforschung in Frankfurt/Main eingeladen wird.
		Adorno bringt Habermas mit der empirischen Sozialforschung in Kontakt und bahnt ihm damit den Weg zur kritischen Gesellschaftstheorie.
	www.dhm.de /lemo/html/biografien/HabermasJuergen (613 words)

	SparkNotes: Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: General Summary
		Habermas sees the public sphere as developing out of the private institution of the family, and from what he calls the "literary public sphere", where discussion of art and literature became possible for the first time.
		Habermas emphasizes the role of the public sphere as a way for civil society to articulate its interests.
		Habermas argues that the self-intepretation of the public sphere took shape in the concept of "public opinion", which he considers in the light of the work of Kant, Marx, Hegel, Mill and Tocqueville.
	www.sparknotes.com /philosophy/public/summary.html (635 words)

	Habermas
		Habermas claims that this way of proceeding has the advantage of forcing him to turn from conceptual to empirical analysis, by which he means that, as he puts it, "for the sake of simplicity," he confines himself to the results of two structuralists, Claude Lévi-Strauss and Maurice Godelier.
		Habermas relies in particular on Maurice Godelier, a structuralist Marxist who appropriates the side of Marxism in which determining conditions of social life are "invisible," not consciously known in experience.
		Habermas uses the dichotomous premisses of modern thought as found in structuralism and semantics to criticize myth as merely vague, as having "a deficient differentiation between language and world."
	www.nd.edu /~ehalton/habermas.htm (909 words)

	Habermas’ heritage
		According to Habermas, the emergence of the mass press is based on the commercialisation of the participation of the masses in the public sphere.
		Habermas is one of the most prominent members of the Frankfurt School, an extraordinarily distinguished collection of leftist philosophers and social thinkers gathered in the Institute of Social Research at the University of Frankfurt (Stephens, 1994).
		Habermas was among the first to point out the intimate connection between the existence of public sphere and the foundations of democratic society.
	www.firstmonday.org /issues/issue10_9/boeder/index.html (4685 words)

	Jurgen Habermas
		For Habermas, this process becomes a dynamic element in the move from one epoch to another.
		Habermas adapted Horkheimer’s definition of reason as rationality, then, combines it with the relation based activities that results when humans agree.
		Habermas adds the methodology of psychology and linguistics to his critique, and attempts to move the analysis of Marxism to Social Scientific inquiry.
	filer.case.edu /~ngb2/Authors/Habermas.html (434 words)

	A contribution to the critique of Jürgen Habermas
		The importance of the critique of Habermas is relevant not only to Germany or to the advanced capitalist world but also to the island in which we live, in a corner of South Asia.
		Habermas criticized the various paradigms of modern social science, from Weber's ‘Rationalization Theory' to Alfred Shutz's ‘Phenomenological Ethno-methodology,' but he offers us a petty-bourgeois radical and idealistic theory of the same character.
		Today, when Professor Habermas comes forward as an open propagandist of capitalist politics by justifying NATO's Balkan war, it signifies not only the “end of the period to which the Critical Theory of Frankfurt School belongs”, it also reflects the logical conclusion of its historical path.
	www.wsws.org /articles/1999/jul1999/hab-j27.shtml (1015 words)

	Law in Habermas's Theory of Communicative Action (Mathieu Deflem)
		Habermas maintains that it is only through language, under conditions of rational argumentation, that social actors can coordinate their actions in terms of an orientation to mutual understanding.
		Habermas analyzes the conditions of rational argumentation in communicative action on the basis of a distinction between different validity claims that are implicitly or explicitly raised in speech-acts.
		Habermas has responded to this position by arguing that, while CLS scholars perform a valuable task in criticizing the functions of law in terms of its own aspirations, they fail to offer any justification or rational basis for their criticism.
	www.cas.sc.edu /socy/faculty/deflem/zhablaw.htm (7028 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Jürgen Habermas
		Jürgen Habermas is perhaps the most influential and widely cited German philosopher and social theorist of his generation.
		In developing this theory Habermas has written on such theoretical and philosophical issues as the methods and scope of the social, historical and natural sciences; the nature of human agency and human subjectivity; the philosophy of language; and moral philosophy.
		Already in the 1950s, Habermas was beginning to articulate the concerns that would underpin his thought for the rest of his career.
	www.litencyc.com /php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=1925 (539 words)

	Review of Habermas (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Habermas also objects to the position of Bultmann on the resurrection because, according to Habermas, Bultmann is committed to an "a priori" rejection of the miraculous.
		Habermas goes on to quote Farmer in order to cast doubt on the existence of Q and to refer to scholars such as Blomberg and Evans in order to argue that Thomas depends on the canonical gospels.
		On the assumption that the ordinance is by Claudius, Habermas speculates that the Claudius may have investigated the beliefs of Christians because of the riots in Rome that caused the emperor to expel Jews from the city.
	www.christianorigins.com /habermas.html (17347 words)

	Habermas
		Habermas situates the moral point of view within the communication framework of a community of selves.
		For Habermas, the threat of authorianism is an especially forceful reality: as a young man, he witnessed the brutality of the Nazi regime.
		For Habermas, the general conditions of the ideal speech situation and the rules of reason, especially as coupled with this sense of solidarity, describe the necessary conditions of democratic polity.
	caae.phil.cmu.edu /Cavalier/Forum/meta/background/HaberIntro.html (1662 words)

	Habermas’ heritage
		According to Habermas, the emergence of the mass press is based on the commercialisation of the participation of the masses in the public sphere.
		Habermas is one of the most prominent members of the Frankfurt School, an extraordinarily distinguished collection of leftist philosophers and social thinkers gathered in the Institute of Social Research at the University of Frankfurt (Stephens, 1994).
		Habermas was among the first to point out the intimate connection between the existence of public sphere and the foundations of democratic society.
	firstmonday.org /issues/issue10_9/boeder (4685 words)

	Introduction to Habermas
		Habermas wants to introduce into Marxism the importance of knowledge and ideas in the shaping/development of history and a theory of culture that cannot be reduced to economic processes alone.
		Habermas was also critical of Hegel's negative dialectics and its inability to provide positive standards for critique within the framework of critical theory.
		Habermas is also criticized that although he recognizes the plurality of modern society, he nevertheless sees the ideal speech situation as ultimately requiring a consensus for epistemic justification.
	www.engl.niu.edu /wac/hbrms.html (1640 words)

	Jurgen Habermas on Rhetoric
		Throughout the authors' explication of Habermas' critical theory, the language of Habermas is clarified, and the problematic aspects and ambiguities of the theory are explored.
		Habermas talks about the subjective world and explains that it is justified in that we are dealing with an abstract concept that is not common.
		Habermas' theory of self-consciousness is emphasized as the author relates Habermas to Weber.
	bradley.bradley.edu /~ell/habermas.html (3394 words)

	Communigations (Site not responding. Last check: )
		And what is paradigmatic for the latter is not the relation of a solitary subject to something in the objective world that can be represented and manipulated, but the intersubjective relation that speaking and acting subjects take up when they come to an understanding with one another about something."(Habermas, Theory of communicative action I: 392).
		Habermas makes a distinction between three forms of action: instrumental action (oriented to succes, nonsocial), strategic action (oriented to succes, social) and communicative action (oriented to reaching understanding, social).
		According to Habermas free flow between the four levels of discourse is only possible when there is a communicative symmetry between the participants of the discourse.
	elmine.wijnia.com /weblog/archives/cat_habermas.html (1947 words)

	Biola > Page 1 : Biola News & Communications
		His change of mind is significant news, not only about his personal journey, but also about the persuasive power of the arguments modern theists have been using to challenge atheistic naturalism.
		During a couple telephone discussions shortly after their last dialogue, Flew explained to Habermas that he was considering becoming a theist.
		Jefferson who drafted the American Declaration of Independence, believed was that, while reason, mainly in the form of arguments to design, assures us that there is a God, there is no room either for any supernatural revelation of that God or for any transactions between that God and individual human beings.
	www.biola.edu /antonyflew (906 words)

	Habermas: The Theologian of Talk
		Habermas' Between Facts and Norms somehow opened that "place" for me. And when our students began to ask me, that first semester, "What would Habermas say?" I heard, in addition to the needs that set me and Susan to writing our Handbook of Sociology of Law, that the students, like me, needed that theory.
		But the Habermas I have followed as a mentor, is not arguing against even Horkheimer and Adorno in their understanding of the harm made possible by the enlightenment.
		Habermas persists, for example, in maintaining that 'in our everyday knowledge of how language is properly used we find a common ground among all creatures with a human face.' That's called 'humanism.' That's called 'universalism.' These are beliefs any self-respecting postmodernist rejected decades ago.
	www.habermas.org /habermas04.htm (3195 words)

	Habermas offers the resurrection as God’s answer to suffering - (BP) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Habermas, chairman of the department of theology and philosophy and distinguished professor of apologetics and philosophy at Liberty University, discussed the issue of suffering in a New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary chapel service March 10 prior to NOBTS’ inaugural Greer-Heard Point-Counterpoint Forum March 11-12.
		Habermas cited the resurrection as having rescued him from the depths of doubt.
		While he was away on a speaking engagement, Habermas received a call from her saying she was to undergo a series of tests as soon as he returned.
	www.bpnews.net /bpnews.asp?ID=20378 (1266 words)

	Amazon.com: The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Habermas follows a methodology similar to the one Michel Foucault takes in "Discipline and Punish," which analyzes the abolition of public displays of power, and the process by which the structures of power are inculcated in the individual from the 17th through the 20th centuries.
		Habermas gives an interesting historical account of the rise of "Offentlichkeit" (which translates into the all-too-easy abstraction "public sphere," whatever that is), from the letters passed in the mail relating the news from town to town, to French salons, to newspapers, to television and radio.
		Habermas, like Schmitt, seeks to unmask the illiberal powers lurking behind the good liberal prejudices, but he, like Schmitt, mistakes liberalism for a debating society when in fact it is much more sophisticated than that.
	www.amazon.com /Structural-Transformation-Public-Sphere-Contemporary/dp/0262581086 (2446 words)

	Dr. Gary R. Habermas - Online Resource for the Resurrection of Jesus Christ
		The size of his popular religion and this one audacious claim refuse to be ignored, yet neither one amounts to evidence.
		Gary Habermas has dedicated his professional life to the examination of the relevant historical, philosophical, and theological issues surrounding the death and resurrection of Jesus.
		Gary R. Habermas is Distinguished Professor and Chair of the Dept. of Philosophy and Theology at LIBERTY UNIVERSITY
	www.garyhabermas.com (274 words)

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