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	Judea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Judea is a mountainous and arid region, much of which is considered to be a desert.
		Judea is central to much of the narrative of the Torah, with the Patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob said to have been buried at Hebron in the Tomb of the Patriarchs.
		In historic times, Judea was ruled by the Kingdom of Judah and later by the Kingdom of Judea, a client-kingdom of the Seleucid dynasty of Persia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Judea (1030 words)

	Hadrian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Hadrian was the third of the "Five Good Emperors", although according to Elizabeth Speller he was the first emperor whose assessment moved beyond the stereotype of good and bad emperors.
		Hadrian was born in Rome and was the son of Publius Aelius Hadrianus Afer, a cousin of Trajan, from Italica in Hispania Baetica.
		Hadrian was active in the wars against the Dacians (as legate of the V Macedonica) and reputedly won awards from Trajan for his successes.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/hadrian (3345 words)

	Hadrian
		Hadrian was born in Italica, Baetica (originally Hispania Ulterior), to a well-established settler family which had originated in Picenum in Italy.
		Hadrian enlisted in the army sometime in the reign of Domitian.
		Upon the completion of the Tomb of Hadrian in Rome in 139 by his successor Antoninus Pius, his body was cremated, and his ashes were placed there together with those of his wife Sabina and his first adopted son, Lucius Aelius, who also died in 138.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/h/ha/hadrian.html (2896 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Hadrians Wall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Hadrian's Wall was a stone and turf fortification, built by the Romans across the width of Great Britain to prevent military raids by the Pictish tribes of Scotland to the north.
		Hadrian was experiencing military difficulties not just in Britain, but from the peoples of various conquered lands across the Empire, including Egypt, Judea, Libya, Mauretania, and many of the peoples conquered by his predecessor Trajan, so was keen to impose order.
		Hadrians first important act was to abandon as untenable the conquests of Trajan beyond the Euphrates (Assyria, Mesopotamia and Armenia), a recurrence to the traditional policy of Augustus.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hadrians-Wall (1063 words)

	Bar Kokhba's revolt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At first sympathetic towards the Jews, Hadrian promised to rebuild the city, but the Jews felt betrayed when they found out that his intentions were to rebuild the Jewish holiest city as a pagan metropolis, and a new pagan temple on the ruins of the Second Temple was to be dedicated to Jupiter.
		Hadrian called his general Sextus Julius Severus from Britain, and troops were brought from as far as the Danube.
		Judea would not be a center of Jewish religious, cultural, or political life again until the modern era, though Jews continued to live there and important religious developments still occurred there.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bar_Kokhba%27s_revolt (1584 words)

	Hadrian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Hadrian was born in Spain to a well-established settler family.
		The most famous of these is massive Hadrian's Wall in Britain and the Danube and Rhine borders were strengthened with a series mostly wooden fortifications forts ouposts and watchtowers later specifically improving communications and local area To maintain morale and keep the troops getting restive he established intensive drill routines personally inspected the armies.
		Hadrian was especially for his love affair with a young Antinous.
	www.freeglossary.com /Hadrian (793 words)

	Hadrian - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Above all Hadrian patronized the arts: Hadrian's Villa at Tibur (Tivoli) was the greatest Roman example of an Alexandrian garden, recreating a sacred landscape, lost now in large part to the despoliation of the ruins by the Cardinal d'Este who had much of the marble removed to build his gardens.
		Hadrian was especially famous for his love affair with a young Greek boy, Antinous.
		Hadrian realized that the Picts would refuse to adapt to Roman life, that they were essentially barbarians for the time being.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/h/a/d/Hadrian.html (2860 words)

	Hadrian - Term Explanation on IndexSuche.Com
		Hadrian's reign was marked by a general lack of military conflict.
		Above all Hadrian patronized the arts: Hadrian's_Villa at Tibur (Tivoli) was the greatest Roman example of an Alexandrian garden, recreating a sacred landscape.
		Hadrian's lost authentic autobiography was reimagined in the form of a fictional autobiography, based on a careful study of the authentic sources, by).
	www.indexsuche.com /Hadrian.html (697 words)

	Hadrian
		After brutally crushing the revolt in 135 and devastating Judea (according to Cassius Dio, 580,000 Jewish rebels werekilled, 50 fortified towns and 985 villages were razed), Hadrian attempted to root out Judaism, which he saw as the cause of continuous rebellions.
		Above all Hadrian patronized the arts: Hadrian's Villa at Tibur (Tivoli) was the greatest Roman exampleof an Alexandrian garden, recreating a sacred landscape, lost now in large partto the despoliation of the ruins by the Cardinal d'Este who had much of the marble removed to build his gardens.
		Hadrian's lost authentic autobiography was reimagined in the form of a fictional autobiography, based on a careful study ofthe authentic sources, by Marguerite Yourcenar, Mémoires d'Hadrien (1951); English translation Memoirs of Hadrian (New York 1954).
	www.therfcc.org /hadrian-14256.html (798 words)

	Judea
		Judea is also the ancient name of the area surrounding Jerusalem (today, parts of Israel and the West Bank).
		It was the territory of the ancient Kingdom of Judah, and later by the Kingdom of Judea.
		Judea wasreturned piecemeal to Agrippa's son Marcus Julius Agrippa in 48.
	www.therfcc.org /judea-14258.html (681 words)

	Judea - InformationBlast (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Judea or Judaea (Hebrew language: יהודה, Yehudah) is a term used for the mountainous Southern part of the West Bank.
		Judea lost its autonomy to the Romans in the 1st century BC, by becoming first a client kingdom, then a province, of the Roman Empire.
		Judea was returned piecemeal to Agrippa's son Marcus Julius Agrippa in 48.
	www.informationblast.com /Judaea.html (710 words)

	Marksimpson.com . Journalism 'The Very First Pop Idol' Why does the love story of Hadrian and Antinous seem so ...
		Hadrian, arguably the first pop Svengali, discovered the lowly born but divinely beautiful Antinous on one of his great tours of the Empire, making him famous and turning him into the last pagan god by Imperial edict after his mysterious death by drowning in the Nile in AD130.
		A grief-stricken Hadrian employed all the media power of the mighty Roman Empire to make his boy Number One, erecting statues and temples to him across the ancient world, and even founding a theme park to him called Antinoopolis: a city on the Nile, complete with statues of the expired youth on every street.
		Hadrian himself was adopted by the Emperor Trajan (with whom he was thought to have been romantically involved).
	www.marksimpson.com /pages/journalism/j-firstPopIdol.html (1020 words)

	Judea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		'''Judea''' or '''Judaea''' (יהודה "Praise", Standard Hebrew {{IPA''Yəhuda''}}, Tiberian Hebrew {{IPA''Yəhûḏāh''}}) is a term used for the mountainous southern part of the historic '''Land of Israel''' (Hebrew: ארץ ישראל ''Eretz Yisrael''), an area now divided between Israel and the West Bank, and, in a few geographical definitions of Judea, Jordan.
		Judea is central to much of the narrative of the Torah, with the Patriarch Abraham said to have been buried at Hebron in the Tomb of the Patriarchs.
		It then became part of the British Mandate of Palestine, with the territory of Judea split between British-ruled Palestine and the autonomous Emirate of Transjordan (a territorial unit within the Mandate, later to become the independent Kingdom of Jordan).
	q-basic.xodox.de /Judea (906 words)

	ipedia.com: Judea Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Judea or Judaea is a term used for the mountainous Southern part of the West Bank.
		Judea or Judaea (יהודה "Praise", Standard Hebrew Yəhuda, Tiberian Hebrew Yəhûḏāh) is a term used for the mountainous Southern part of the West Bank.
		Between 41 and 44 CE Judea regained its relative autonomy, when Herod Agrippa was made king by the emperor Claudius.
	www.ipedia.com /judea.html (750 words)

	Judea - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Among these was Herod Archelaus, who ruled Judea so badly that he was dismissed in 6 AD by the Roman emperor Augustus Caesar, after an appeal from his own population.
		Between 41 and 44 AD Judea regained its relative autonomy, when Herod Agrippa is made king by the emperor Claudius.
		Following the suppression of Bar Kokhba's revolt, the emperor Hadrian changed the name of the province to Palestine and Jerusalem became Aelia Capitolina in order to humiliate the Jewish population by attempting to erase the nation's historical ties to the region.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Judea (659 words)

	ipedia.com: Hadrian Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus, known as Hadrian in English, was a Roman emperor from 117 - 138.
		Hadrian was born in Spain to a well-establ...
		The most famous of these is the massive Hadrian's Wall in Britain, and the Danube and Rhine borders were strengthened with a series of mostly wooden fortifications, forts, ouposts and watchtowers, the later specifically improving communications and local area security.
	www.ipedia.com /hadrian.html (625 words)

	★ Reviews for Hadrian
		Particularly notable is Speller's exposition of Hadrian's disastrous -- and uncharacteristic -- attempt to invade, overturn and subdue a Semitic desert people who had aroused his anger by their response to what they saw as (what we'd now call) Rome's "cultural imperialism".
		Hadrian's goal was to create an arrangement of buildings which were functional and yet challenged the intellect to contemplate the unseen world.
		Hadrian's Wall is a thoughtful and provocative look at the prejudices that a person grows up with....without choice....and the journey a person takes to outgrow, re-evaluate and determine a new future with an open mind....bringing success in growth.
	authors.booksunderreview.com /H/Hadrian (2190 words)

	The Name Rome Gave the Land of Israel
		Judea (Iudaea) was the Roman name for the Land of Israel during the heyday of the Roman Empire.
		Judea stretched along both sides of the Jordan and included, besides Judea proper, most of the coastal plain, Samaria, most of the Galilee, the Golan Heights of today and considerable land to the east of there.
		Therefore, Lord Robert Cecil, acting British foreign secretary, was right to use the name Judea for the whole land in his famous remark: "Our wish is that Arabian countries shall be for the Arabs, Armenia for the Armenians, and Judea for the Jews" (December 2, 1917).
	www.focusonjerusalem.com /whatromecalledthepromisedland.html (2868 words)

	Pre-Trib Research Center
		It was not until the Romans crushed the second Jewish revolt against Rome in 135 A.D. under Bar Kochba that Emperor Hadrian applied the term Palestine to the Land of Israel.
		Hadrian, like many dictators since his times realized the propaganda power of terms and symbols He replaced the shrines of the Jewish Temple and the Sepulchre of Christ in Jerusalem with temples to pagan deities.
		Hadrian's selection of Palestine was purposeful, not accidental.
	www.pre-trib.org /article-view.php?id=201 (1642 words)

	The Bar-Kokhba Revolt
		Hadrian quickly went back on his word, however, and requested that the site of the Temple be moved from its original location.
		Hadrian hated "foreign" religions and forbade the Jews to perform circumcisions.
		In 135 C.E., Hadrian's army besieged Bethar and on the 9th of Av, the Jewish fast day commemorating the destruction of the first and second Holy Temples, the walls of Bethar fell.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Judaism/revolt1.html (857 words)

	Jewish History - Rome's Regime After Judea's Overthrow
		The new emperor Hadrian also seemed at first inclined to a policy of concession ; but there was little choice, for revolt burst out in all parts of the empire, from Asia Minor in the East to Britain in the far West.
		In Judea proper a cruel general, Quietus, was checked in his terrible purpose of exterminating the Jews and was ultimately executed.
		But as soon as Hadrian had obtained the mastery of the situation and quiet was restored, he resorted to subterfuge.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles26/jewish-history-27.shtml (965 words)

	Roman Empire - MSN Encarta
		Although Herod’s use of Greek culture made him hated in the region of Judea, he was popular with the Jewish population outside Judea, known as the Diaspora, on whom he lavished money as a benefactor.
		Augustus was sensitive to Jewish religious beliefs and allowed their coinage to omit the traditional image of the emperor because it was seen as sacrilegious.
		After the death of Herod, his kingdom was divided among his sons, who ruled as tetrarchs (leadership by four rulers), although Judea soon became a small Roman province under the administration of Pontius Pilate, a military governor, or procurator, chosen by the Romans.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_1741502785_5/Roman_Empire.html (1266 words)

	[No title]
		He and his son Titus marked their victory by minting a coin bearing the inscription "Judea is captured." Until then Jews throughout the world had sent donations to the Temple in Jerusalem.
		His aim was to erase all memory of the connection between the Jews, Judea and Jerusalem.
		It is unclear whether Hadrian's religious decrees provoked the revolt or were imposed in response to it.
	www.biu.ac.il /JS/rennert/history_5.html (2424 words)

	Anti-Imperialism, Judean Style by Myles Kantor
		Like the Hellenists who previously occupied Judea – resistance against whom is now being commemorated during the festival of Chanukah – Rome also infringed upon the inhabitants’ religious traditions.
		Hadrian crushed the rebellion with a dozen legions.
		To a fox who was walking along the banks of a stream, and saw some fish gathering together to move from one place to another.
	www.lewrockwell.com /kantor/kantor76.html (476 words)

	Biography of Hadrian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		After brutally crushing the revolt in 135 and devastating Judea (according to Cassius Dio, 580,000 Jewish rebels were killed, 50 fortified towns and 985 villages were razed), Hadrian attempted to root out Judaism, which he saw as the cause of continuous rebellions.
		Bust of HadrianAbove all Hadrian patronized the arts: Hadrian's Villa at Tibur (Tivoli) was the greatest Roman example of an Alexandrian garden, recreating a sacred landscape, lost now in large part to the despoliation of the ruins by the Cardinal d'Este who had much of the marble removed to build his gardens.
		This parliament, known as the Panhellenion didn't succeed however despite spirtited efforts to instill cooperation among the Hellenes.
	biography-1.qardinalinfo.com /h/Hadrian.html (825 words)

	A Revolt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Hadrian was Emperor of Rome, and although he had no enmity to the Jews, he did believe in Romanization of the colonies including the unification of the people.
		It was further exacerbated by the local Roman ruler Tinneius Rufus and Hadrian's ban on circumcision which was considered abhorrent by the Romans.
		Hadrian banned the study of the Torah, Shabbat, Circumcision, as well as many of the basic Jewish tenets.
	www.wzo.org.il /encountr/barcho.htm (1686 words)

	Jerusalem: In Depth : History : The Roman Occupation \| Frommers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		As never before, the temple became a center for Jewish pilgrimage from Judea, the Galilee, Babylonia, Persia, and all parts of the Roman Empire; more than 100,000 pilgrims could be accommodated in Jerusalem during the great festivals of Passover and Sukkot.
		Hadrian leveled the ruins of Jerusalem, sowed the land with salt, and, with an entirely different city plan and arrangement of streets, built a Roman city called "Aelia Capitolina" in honor of the imperial family and the Roman god Jupiter Capitolina.
		Hadrian filled Aelia Capitolina with pagan temples and barred Jews from residing in the city for all time.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/jerusalem/0088032911.html (898 words)

	Zechariah XXX
		Judea became a Roman province after a long relationship as a commonwealth with the Roman senate.
		Judea was made a literal desert, the slave markets filled with Jews and prices fell to near nothing because of the glut.
		The final dispersion of Jews from Judea, thus, took place under Hadrian, and Jerusalem ceased to be a center of Jewish culture until the twentieth century.
	www.ao.net /~fmoeller/zchxxx.htm (2328 words)

	Iudaea (Roman province)
		In 6 CE Judea became part of a larger Roman province, called Iudaea, which was formed by combining Judea, Samaria, and Idumea.
		His sons were all disposed of in AD 6, however, due to misrule, and Judea was incorporated into the Roman Empire with the province of Syria.
		Judea was now governed by a series of Roman prefects.
	www.logicjungle.com /wiki/Iudaea_%28Roman_province%29 (345 words)

	Lag B'Omer and the Stiff Necked People
		Unlike his predecessor, who was a brutal antagonist of the Jews, Hadrian initially appeared to display a leniency towards the people of Judea, yet there was an inherit danger of a leader who was a devout Hellenist.
		While Hadrian had already announced a ban on circumcision throughout the empire, he was no doubt aware of the implication of such a ban upon the Jews as well.
		It is conceivable that the Jews of Judea again stood up to the mighty Roman Empire because Hadrian's policies had threatened the very life of the Jewish community of Judea, and they saw no other alternative.
	www.jewishmag.co.il /79mag/domnitch/domnitch.htm (1034 words)

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