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Topic: Haemonchus contortus

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	Degree-day concept in development of infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis under ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		If the temperature was held constant, Haemonchus contortus infective larvae developed from eggs at 20 to 35 deg C only if the relative humidity (RH) was 100% but not if RH was 85%.
		Few H. contortus and T. colubriformis infective larvae developed if the RH was cycled between 70 and 100% or if temperature and RH were cycled than if the temperature and RH were held constant.
		Under similar circumstances, half of the H. contortus 3rd-stage larvae were present after 7.2 days at 20 deg C, 4.3 days at 25 deg C, 3.2 days at 30 deg C, and 3.5 days at 35 deg C; it required 95 to 144 degree days for them to develop.
	trophort.com /000/333/000333610.html (375 words)

	Managing Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasites
		Haemonchus is also referred to as the stomach worm or bankrupt worm for obvious reasons.
		A few points to emphasize: The disease caused by Haemonchus is usually due to the animal's inability to naturally overcome adverse effects of the parasites.
		Thiabendazole had not been used on the station for 20 years and, recently, when thiabendazole was used against that population of worms, there was only a 50% reduction in egg counts after treatment; the progeny of the surviving worms were nearly 100% resistant to thiabendazole.
	www.clemson.edu /agronomy/goats/handbook/nematode.html (3179 words)

	H. contortus Sequencing Project
		The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute is sequencing the genome of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus in collaboration with Dr. J.
		Haemonchus contortus is a Strongylid parasite of goats and sheep.
		contortus genome to be approximately 50 Mb in size, which means it is one of the smallest parasitic nematode genomes and less than double the size of some of the larger apicomplexan parasites (eg.
	www.sanger.ac.uk /Projects/H_contortus (309 words)

	Common Internal Parasites of Goats in Florida
		These are the stomach worm (Haemonchus contortus); a protozoa of the genus Eimeria, which causes coccidiosis; and the potential of liver flukes in certain areas.
		Haemonchus contortus, also known as the barber's pole worm, stomach worm, blood worm and "humongous," worm, is the major limiting factor for the successful survival of small ruminants in the subtropics.
		contortus thrives under Florida weather conditions, and is a potential threat all year round (Figure 1).
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /DS164 (3267 words)

	haemonchus contortus
		Thiol Metabolism in Haemonchus contortus The cost of internal parasites is a substantial burden to sheep production in Australia and the world.
		Haemonchus contortus, commonly known as the sheep barber’s-pole worm because of its striped appearance, is one of several gastro-intestinal nematodes of economic importance to the domestic livestock industry.
		contortus are under development these will not be marketed in the near future, and there is still a need for new anthelmintics.
	www.science.uts.edu.au /ibid/parasites/haemonchus.html (311 words)

	Haemonchus - Epidemiology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Self cure: Significant acquired immunity to H. contortus can be seen in sheep older than 6 months, but this immunity is not absolute, and sheep in endemic areas may remain susceptible throughout their lives.
		Periodic natural expulsion of adult haemonchus from sheep is known as "Self-cure" and in some cases appears to have an immunological basis - an immediate type hypersensitivity reaction provoked by antigens secreted by developing larvae.
		Genetic resistance: there is some evidence that resistance to Haemonchus contortus may be controlled genetically, and may be related to breed differences as well as to hemoglobin differences within breeds.
	cal.vet.upenn.edu /merial/Trichos/trich_5c.htm (625 words)

	Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica \| Full text \| The Dynamics, Prevalence and Impact of Nematode Infections in Organically ...
		contortus at the spring sampling, were recommended to treat all their ewes with an anthelmintic.
		contortus, as well as the role of wildlife (particularly roe deer and lagomorphs) as reservoir hosts need to be investigated, before any attempt of a farm-by-farm eradication of this parasite is contemplated.
		Nilsson O, Rudby-Martin L, Schwan O: Bensimidazol-resistenta Haemonchus contortus påvisade hos får i Sverige (Benzimidazole resistance demonstrated in Haemonchus contortus infections of sheep in Sweden).
	www.actavetscand.com /content/42/3/377 (4893 words)

	[No title]
		Characterization of Haemonchus contortus - Although numerous gastrointestinal nematodes are present, Haemonchus contortus presents the greatest concern in Texas sheep and goats.
		An important adaptation of Haemonchus contortus is the ability to overwinter in the abomasum of its host in a dormant state known as hypobiosis.
		In addition, resistance of ewes or does to Haemonchus contortus is weakened at the time of kidding and during early lactation.
	www.meatgoats.com /articles/haemonchus.htm (2249 words)

	Langston University Goat & Research Extension (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Haemonchus contortus is a voracious blood feeding worm.
		contortus transmission and infection is at the lowest level during the winter.
		contortus show symptoms associated with blood loss (anemia), which include pale mucous membranes (most visible be viewing inside the lower eyelid) and bottle jaw (an accumulation of fluid under the chin).
	www.luresext.edu /goats/training/parasites_new.html (10175 words)

	Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira - Efeito de drogas moduladoras da resistência múltipla na atividade da ivermectina e ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the multidrug resistance (MDR) modulators, verapamil, CL 347.099 (an analog of verapamil) and cyclosporin A, would enhance the efficacy of ivermectin and moxidectin against selected strains of Haemonchus contortus using an in vitro larval migration assay.
		contortus in naïve 4-6 month lambs with subsequent treatment with moxidectin or ivermectin in the case of the resistant strains or with no treatment in the case of the parental strain.
		Waruiru R.M. Efficacy of closantel, albendazole and levamisole on an ivermectin resistant strain of Haemonchus contortus in sheep.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-736X2001000300004&lng=pt&nrm=iso (3027 words)

	NADA 131-392
		Nematodes % Reduction Haemonchus contortus 64ns Ostertagia spp.(a) 99 Ostertagia spp.
		Fourteen sheep with natural infections as well as induced infections of Dictyocaulus filaria and Haemonchus contortus were randomly allocated to two groups of equal size.
		Nematodes % Reduction Haemonchus contortus >99 Trichostrongylus colubriformis >99 Nematodirus spathiger >99 Oesophagostomum columbianum >99 Trichuris spp.
	www.fda.gov /cvm/FOI/703.htm (9415 words)

	Chemical Resistance In Livestock - An Overview
		contortus where benzimidazole resistance was extreme and there was a need to use an effective anthelmintic in rotation with levarnisole and ivermectin.
		contortus resistant to closantel presumably avoid the disruption of aerobic metabolism by some competitive mechanism, although the mechanism is poorly understood.
		Van Wyk, J.A. and Malan, F.S. Resistance of field strains of Haemonchus contortus to ivermectin, closantel, rafoxanide and benzimidazoles in sheep in South Africa.
	www.regional.org.au /au/roc/1990/roc199029.htm (4403 words)

	ACES Publications : UNP-0006
		Haemonchus contortus is the gastrointestinal parasite of sheep that causes the most harm.
		Haemonchus contortus requires 14 days to complete this part of the life cycle, while it normally takes Ostertagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus spp.
		The genetics of resistance and resilience to Haemonchus contortus infection in young Merino sheep.
	www.aces.edu /pubs/docs/U/UNP-0006 (1459 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Isoenzyme analysis of Haemonchus contortus resistant or susceptible to ivermectin.
		Cholinesterase and phosphatase activities in adults and infective-stage larvae of levamisole resistant and susceptible Haemonchus contortus isolates.
		Acetylcholinesterase in infective-stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia circum-cincta, and Trichostrongylus colubriformis resistant and susceptible to benzimidazole anthelmintics.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?oc04040 (1888 words)

	Control of Internal Parasites in Sheep
		Haemonchus is a ravenous blood-sucker and removes considerable quantities of blood from the sheep.
		Haemonchus is often the major parasite of sheep and its blood sucking characteristic makes it very damaging.
		The two-week maturation period of Haemonchus after ingestion, the development of hypobiotic larvae, and the periparturient egg rise must all be considered in the implementation of effective parasite control programs.
	www.ext.vt.edu /pubs/sheep/410-027/410-027.html (4041 words)

	Gastro-intestinal parasites in small ruminants in Mali: geographical distribution epidemiology and chemotherapy - ...
		In Mali, the peak of immature Haemonchus was observed in March among the Sahelian sheep and represented 91% of the rainy season.
		This decrease coincided with a sharp increase of the adult population suggesting the maturation of the immature worms.
		III The response of sheep to primary infection with Haemonchus contortus.
	www.ilri.org /InfoServ/Webpub/Fulldocs/AnGenResCD/docs/X5520B/x5520b0x.htm (2559 words)

	Fias Co Farm- Worms: Misdirected Hysteria?
		Two major factors are apparently being overlooked by those declaring that Haemonchus contortus is now so resistant to available wormers as to be out of control, and that owners treating for it should cull those animals not showing improvement after worming.
		My first introduction to misidentification of another species of egg as that of Haemonchus contortus came in the mid 90's, in a lamb a friend brought to me that appeared anemic and was weakening fast despite having received treatment with ivermectin.
		While I don’t suggest that all identifications of Haemonchus contortus from fecal analysis are wrong, there’s really no way to know what the percentage of mistaken ID’s might be in the final calculation, thus the report of widespread resistance to treatment for Haemonchus contortus may well contain a significant margin of error.
	fiascofarm.com /goats/worms-misdirected_hysteria.htm (1972 words)

	Performance of hair sheep composite breeds: Resistance of lambs to Haemonchus contortus -- Vanimisetti et al. 82 (2): ...
		Resistance of exotic and domestic lambs to experimental infection with Haemonchus contortus.
		The influence of breed on the susceptibility of sheep and goats to a single experimental infection with Haemonchus contortus.
		Resistance of field strains of Haemonchus contortus to ivermectin, closantel, rafoxanide and the benzimidazoles in South Africa.
	jas.fass.org /cgi/content/full/82/2/595 (4336 words)

	CJO - Abstract
		Infections with Haemonchus contortus are a major constraint on ruminant health world-wide.
		contortus is associated with mastocytosis and hypersensitivity reactions.
		More recently, increasing attention is being paid to the role of cytokines (interleukins and [gamma]- interferon) in the activation of specific defence mechanisms.
	journals.cambridge.org /action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=24807 (180 words)

	Participating Faculty: Doug Jasmer
		The systems include: Trichinella spiralis/skeletal muscle cell interactions; Haemonchus contortus as a model system investigating the nematode intestine as a target for control; and Babesia bovis in relation to immune control and parasite/host erythrocyte interactions.
		The T. spiralis and H. contortus programs represent new research areas in the Department that were developed in my laboratory and in conjunction with Departmental collaborators.
		A second area of research is on the gastrointestinal nematode parasite, Haemonchus contortus.
	www.biotechnology.wsu.edu /participating_faculty/doug_jasmer.html (575 words)

	EFFICACY OF CLOSANTEL PLUS ALBENDAZOLE COMBINATION AGAINST NEMATODE INFECTIONS IN GOATS
		In the 2nd experiment, a controlled trial was conducted in goats infected experimentally with GI nematode L3 including a benzimidazole (BZ)-resistant isolate of Haemonchus contortus.
		On day 0, each goat was infected orally with approximately 5,000 freshly harvested mixed larval innoculum (70% Haemonchus, 19% Trichostronylus, 3% Cooperia and 8% Oesophagostomum spp.) obtained from cultures of faeces from the farm animals, and 3,000 L3 of a BZ-resistant H.
		This persistent anthelmintic effect of CLS given orally was probably due to its extended half-life in the plasma of treated goats (11, 12) and was in agreement with findings obtained in goats treated with 5 mg kg-1 subcutaneously or 10 mg kg-1 oral dose of CLS (10).
	www.isrvma.org /article/57_3_5.htm (2384 words)

	European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
		Nayebzadeh H., Seyfi Abadshapouri M., Hoghooghi Rad N. Haemonchosis, a disease caused by Haemonchus contortus is of considerable economic importance in sheep cattle and goats throughout the world.
		In a trial, in Ahwaz area, the ability of an experimental vaccine made from the whole gut homogenate of Haemonchus contortus was evaluated.
		From the first immunization until challenge the animal were bled with an interval of 10 day and then weekly from challenge until the end of study.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /eccmid15/abstract.asp?id=38017 (328 words)

	Sheep @ Purdue: Parasite Control in Grazing Sheep (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the upper Midwestern United States, the intestinal roundworm of most significance is Haemonchus Contortus or the barber pole worm.
		Certainly, there are other important species of roundworms, yet, if one understands the life cycle and control of Haemonchus Contortus, the other species will be controlled as well.
		The life cycle of Haemonchus Contortus is 21 days in length and starts in late winter/early spring.
	ag.ansc.purdue.edu /sheep/articles/grazeparasite.html (1315 words)

	Strongyle infections of goats on commercial farms in Zambia - Les infections a strongylideae chez les caprins dans les ...
		Results of faecal culture indicated that Strongyloides papillosus, Haemonchus contortus and Oesophagostomum columbianum were the most prevalent species in the ratio of 20:24:1 on Farm A and 20:2:1 on Farm B. Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia spp.
		Infection is transmitted from adult animals to the young ones as both graze the same pasture, this accounting for the later peak in egg output by young.
		The rationale behind anthelmintic application during the rainy season is to reduce worm burdens and egg contamination of pasture to a minimum.
	www.fao.org /Wairdocs/ILRI/x5489B/x5489b13.htm (1481 words)

	Managing Internal Parasites
		Throughout the U.S., and especially in the mid Atlantic and southern states, the most important member of this family is the barber pole worm (Haemonchus contortus).
		Haemonchus larvae also undergo a process called arrested development where they sit quietly in the stomach following infection and don't develop into adults until several months later.
		Drug resistant Haemonchus are widespread throughout the world in sheep and goats and the problem is increasing in the U.S. Drug resistance in parasites is passed from one generation to the next.
	www.ext.vt.edu /news/periodicals/livestock/aps-04_05/aps-338.html (1405 words)

	Untitled Document
		Moxidectin Resistance in Haemonchus contortus in Goats: In Vivo and In Vitro Diagnosis
		Although many species of parasites contribute to the overall problem of gastrointestinal parasitism, Haemonchus contortus is by far the most prevalent, pathogenic, and economically important.
		contortus typically rely on frequent treatment with anthelmintics, but the intensive use and virtual total reliance on these drugs has led to the development of anthelmintic-resistant nematode populations, which are now recognized globally as the single greatest threat to grazing small ruminant production.
	www.vet.uga.edu /vph/gvs/2003Neiss.htm (460 words)

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