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Topic: Hafsids

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	Hafsid dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the split of the Hafsids from the Almohads under Abu Zakariya (1229-1249), Abu Zakariya organised the administration in Ifriqiya (the Roman province of Africa in modern Maghreb; today's Tunisia, eastern Algeria and western Libya) and built Tunis up as the economic and cultural centre of the empire.
		Although the Hafsids succeeded for a time in subjugating the empire of the Abdalwids of Tlemcen for a time, but between 1347 and 1357 it was twice conquered by the Merinids of Morocco.
		Under Utman (1435-1488) the Hafsids reached their last zenith, as the caravan trade through the Sahara and with Egypt was developed, as well as sea trade with Venice and Aragon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hafsids (345 words)

	Hafsid dynasty - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		These however could not defeat the Bedouin, so that the Hafsids were able to regain their empire.
		The profits were used for a great building programme and for the support of art and culture.
		The latter conquered Tunis in 1574 and toppled the Hafsids, who had at times accepted Spanish sovereignty over them.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Hafsid (359 words)

	Libya - Hafsids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		With the demise of the Almohad dynasty in Morocco, the Hafsids adopted the titles of caliph and sultan and considered themselves the Almohads' legitimate successors, keeping alive the memory of Ibn Tumart and the ideal of Maghribi unity from their capital in Tunis.
		The Hafsids' political support and their realm's economy were rooted in coastal towns like Tripoli, while the hinterland was given up to the tribes that had made their nominal submission to the sultan.
		During the Hafsid era, spanning more than 300 years, however, the Maghrib and Muslim Spain had shared a common higher culture-- called Moorish--that transcended the rise and fall of dynasties in creating new and unique forms of art, literature, and architecture.
	countrystudies.us /libya/12.htm (482 words)

	Hafsid dynasty - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		After the split of the Hafsids from the Almohads under Abu Zakariya (1229-1249), he organised the adminsitration in Ifriqiya and built Tunis up as the economic and cultural centre of the empire.
		At the same time, many muslims from Andalucia fleeing the Reconquista of Castille and Aragon were absorbed.
		In the 16th century the Hafsids increasingly became caught up in the power struggle between Spain and the Osman-supported Corsairs.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Hafsid (393 words)

	Untitled Page
		The Hafsids rose around 1250 C.E. to fill the power vacuum in the Tunisia area left by the decline of the Almohads in North Africa.
		Under the Hafsids, Tunis began an period in which it was the capital of roughly the region of modern day Tunisia, a period that continues today.
		Also like the Aghlabids, the Hafsids are responsible for a large amount of construction in the medina, and actually oversaw the expansion of the inner city by two large neighborhoods.
	homepage.mac.com /bjhecht/Tunis/hafsids.html (450 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Maghreb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Arabic language became widespread only later, as a result of the invasion of the Banu Hilal (unleashed, ironically, by the Berber Fatimids in punishment for their Zirid clients' defection) in the 1100's.
		Throughout this period, the Maghreb fluctuated between occasional unity (as under the Almohads, and briefly under the Hafsids) and more commonly division into three states roughly corresponding to modern Morocco, western Algeria, and eastern Algeria and Tunisia.
		After the Middle Ages, the area east of Morocco was loosely under the control of the Ottoman Empire.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Maghreb (1018 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - early Mameluke AAR
		to egypts west was the land of maghreb, this land was ruled by the hafsids of Al Muntasir.
		Baybars trusted his friend Al Muntasir of the hafsids in maghreb to protect his western border and his vassal of syria to protect his east border.
		In the mean time, the Hafsids took advantage of the peace with egypt and attacked Iberia to its north.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?s=&threadid=236 (3823 words)

	This Is Travel \| Tunis, history & culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Between 1230 and 1574, the Hafsid state, based in Tunis, dominated Saharan trade between Morocco and Algeria in the west, and Libya and Egypt in the East.
		The enlightened Hafsids established the first religious colleges (medersas) as well as the network of souqs that can still be seen today around the Zitouna mosque.
		The Hafsids promoted scholarship, and the high standards of Tunis' Zitouna University set a precedent for universities across Europe and the Middle East.
	www.thisistravel.co.uk /travel/guides/city.html/Tunis-history-culture_article.html?in_article_id=25594&in_page_id=1 (610 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Ceuta
		Chaos ensued with the fall of the Umayyad caliphate in 1031, but eventually it was taken over by the Almoravids in 1084, and again used as a base from which to invade Spain.
		They were succeeded by the Almohads in 1147, who ruled it, apart from Ibn Hud's rebellion of 1232, until the Hafsids took it in 1242.
		The Hafsids' influence in the west rapidly waned, and the city expelled them in 1249; after this, it went through a period of political instability, ended when the Marinids conquered it in 1309.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/Ceuta (707 words)

	History, Bardo National Museum
		The site, lying in fertile country immediately outside the gates of the capital, was occupied in the 13th century by a Hafsid palace.
		Some hold that it is derived from the Spanish "Prado", others that it comes from the Moorish berd ("cold" - the suggestion being that it was not sufficiently insulated against the winter cold).
		The successors of the Hafsids appreciated the advantages of the situation, and each generation altered or added to the palace, creating over the centuries an extensive complex of buildings.
	www.planetware.com /tunis/bardo-national-museum-history-tun-tc-tntbh.htm (200 words)

	1483 Online. Hasfids
		The Hasfid Caliphate split of the Hafsids from the Almohads under Abu Zakariya (1229-1249).
		At the same time, many muslims from Andalucia fleeing the Reconquista of Castille and Aragon were absorbed and Hasfid regional power grew.
		The Hasfids begin the game as one of the smallest nations, though its position in North Africa gives it a level of Isolation and hence a cushion of security.
	www.1483online.com /histories/hasfid.php (326 words)

	Tunis - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The historical city of Carthage was located across from the center of modern Tunis.
		After 1591, the Turkish governors (Beys) were virtually independent, and the city prospered as a center of piracy and trade.
		Some 700 monuments, including palaces, mosques, mausoleums, madrasas and fountains dating from the Almohads and the Hafsids periods
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Tunis (409 words)

	tunis
		Once a small berber village perched atop of a hill near ancient Carthage, it owes its duration to its geographical position which is neither on the coast nor on the interior, but at the end of an easily defendable lake that in turn, opens to the sea.
		It was only in the 13th century that the city became the capital of the Hafsid reign (1229 to 1574).
		During the Hafsids, Tunis was considered a large, cultural, and well planned city: The Zitouna Mosque, built in 732, was a center of civilization and could be considered as one of the first University.
	www.tunisianvacation.com /html/tunis.html (266 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The town flourished during this period as a boat-building centre.
		In 1151 the town was seized by the Almoahad emir Abdul Mou'min and later was captured by the Hafsids, after which the city fell into decline.
		By the 16th century the inhabitants of En-Nassria resorted to piracy which caused the Spanish to seize the city and occupy it for a half-century before it fell under Ottoman domination.
	www.arab.net /algeria/aa_bijaya.htm (180 words)

	Western North Africa (The Maghrib), 1000-1400 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Despite periods of struggle among different dynasties, the entire region is united under Almohad rule.
		Later, under the Hafsids in the east and Marinids in the west, the Maghrib enjoys stability.
		The Hafsids gain control in the eastern Maghrib with the decline of Almohad power.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/07/nfw/ht07nfw.htm (516 words)

	KhadijaTeri - Islamic period - Hafsid
		The Hafsids took the titles of caliph and sultan and considered themselves successors to the Almohads.
		The Hafsid patronage had encouraged the pinnacle of Arab creativity and scholarship.
		During the Hafsid dynasty of western Libya, Cyrenaica lay outside the influence of the Hafsid control.
	www.khadijateri.com /hafsid.html (613 words)

	Index2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Carthagenian general Hannibal has used the islands as a base in his wars against the Romans.
		Since then, the only historical events interrupting the islands' tranquility were their 1286 seizure by Roger de Lluria, the Catalan ruler of nearby Sicily, their 1335 repossession by the Hafsids, and an attempt to occupy them in 1510 by the Spanish.
		At the same time, the Spaniards held Tripoli and felt they needed a back-up base.
	www.homestead.com /kerkennah/History.html (497 words)

	Research Seminar Topics
		He belonged to a prominent family there that had come to Tunis from Seville prior to the Reconquista.
		As of the age of 20 Ibn Khaldun he was employed in state service, frequently changing his employers from among the various competing dynasties throughout the Maghreb, namely the Hafsids (Tunis, 1228-1574), the Merinids (Morocco, 1196-1464) and the 'Abd al-Wadids (Tlemcen, 1235-1554), as well as the Nasrids in Granada (1230-1492).
		His career led him also to the tribal federations of the Maghreb, as well as, once, to Christian Spain.
	www.tau.ac.il /humanities/cohn/seminar/2002-3/week23algazi.htm (503 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - AGC: North Africa & Barbary Coast
		Almost the entire province, and all the major cities, are inside Tunisian territory at the time according to the maps I've seen.
		The Hafsids were also definitely the biggest kingdom in North Africa west of Egypt, and the Tunisian Hafsids were Berbers!
		Basically during the last years of the Hafsid dynasty the Spanish captured several key coastal cities including Tunis itself.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?threadid=54698 (792 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Zianid dynasty steadily declined during the 15th century, falling under Spanish influence and finally succumbed to the Ottoman rule.
		Throughout this period Tlemcen was dominated alternately by the Merinids of Fez and Hafsids of Tunis.
		In 1555 Tlemcen was taken over by the Ottomans and suffered a period of neglect.
	www.arab.net /algeria/aa_tlemcen.htm (436 words)

	Brujula.Net - Your Latin Stating Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Under the Almohads and the Hafsids, from the 12th to the 16th century, Tunis was considered one of the greatest and wealthiest cities in the
		After 1591, the Turkish governors were virtually independent, and the city prospered as a center of
		mausoleums, madrasas and fountains dating from the Almohads and the Hafsids periods
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Tunis.html (247 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Hafsids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This is an extract from The Middle East Open Encyclopedia, made possible through the Wikimedia Foundation.
		Iraq Museum International always displays the most recent published revision of the source article, Hafsids; all previous versions may be viewed here.
		They link directly to authoring tools for you to start writing a particular article.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/?title=Hafsids (469 words)

	Welcome to Tunisia Online, your digital gateway to news and information on Tunisia.
		Almohads unify the Maghreb countries and Moslem Andalusia.
		The Hafsids break away from Almohads and establish new dynasty based in Tunis.
		Anti-colonial resistance, led mostly by the Neo-Destour party, persisted for most of the 75 years of French domination.
	www.tunisiaonline.com /history/index.html (253 words)

	Travel in Constantine - Algeria - Africa - History - WorldTravelGate.net®-
		Its apparent impregnability has, in fact, been an invitation to attacks.
		The city has been an important stronghold almost continuously for some 2,500 years, in the successive possession of Phoenicians, Numidians, Romans, Jews, Arabs, Almohades, Merinides, Hafsids of Tunis, Turks, and the French.
		Constantine, then known as Carta (and Cirta by the Romans, meaning "the town"), was originally the capital of Numidia, where the ancient kings, Syphax, Masinissa, Micipsa, Adherbal and others, lived and built many fine buildings of mud brick.
	www.africatravelling.net /algeria/constantine/constantine_history.htm (662 words)

	Protected Areas Programme - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Prior to that date the lake surrounding the Djebel had been used as a hunting reserve.
		In 1240 AD, the dynasty of the Hafsids managed Djebel Ichkeul as a hunting reserve (Ministère de l'Agriculture, 1986; Anon, 1988).
		The area was first realised to be of international importance in the late 1960s and early 1970s, leading to a major part of the Ichkeul marshes being ceded to the Direction des Forêts in 1974.
	www.unep-wcmc.org /protected_areas/data/wh/ichkeul.html (3187 words)

	FREE In-depth report - Hafsids - Libya
		This is public domain information from the US State Department Country Guide.
		If you did not find the information you were looking for on the subject of Hafsids you may wish to do another search of Exploitz.com: related Hafsids search
		A good starting point for researching Libya for travel or reference.
	www.exploitz.com /Libya-Hafsids-cg.php (571 words)

	The Casbah: UNESCO-CI
		The first construction on the site must date from the Aghlabids (ninth century).
		Under the Hafsids (1230-1574), as well as being a solid citadel, it housed a magnificent palace.
		During the Spanish period, large parts fell into ruin and were restored by Uluc Ali.
	portal.unesco.org /ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=18520&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (159 words)

	A Special Advertising Section on Tunisia
		1207-1574: Hafsid dynasty (former Almohad governors); independent Kingdom of Tunisia from 1229
		14th and 15th centuries: Internal problems to 1370, then a period of prosperity under the Hafsids; period of decline again towards the end of the 15th century
		Tunis taken by the Spanish (Hafsids retain nominal sovereignty), battles with Turkish pirates
	www.tunisiaonline.com /pressbook/washtimes/8.html (473 words)

	VCoins - The Online Coin Show for Ancient Coins, US Coins, and World Coins
		However Mitchiner lists examples of this size and weight as 1/2 dinars.
		Mint : no mint or date (the Hafsid's generally did not put dates or mints on their coins)
		Reference : This denomination is not listed in Albums check list, but the 1/2 dinar of this type is listed as A-500.2.
	www.vcoins.com /ancient/calgarycoin/store/viewItem.asp?idProduct=1895&large=0 (120 words)

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