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	Hafsid dynasty - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		After the split of the Hafsids from the Almohads under Abu Zakariya (1229-1249), Abu Zakariya organised the administration in Ifriqiya (the Roman province of Africa in modern Maghreb; today's Tunisia, eastern Algeria and western Libya) and built Tunis up as the economic and cultural centre of the empire.
		Although the Hafsids succeeded for a time in subjugating the empire of the Abdalwids of Tlemcen for a time, but between 1347 and 1357 it was twice conquered by the Merinids of Morocco.
		Under Utman (1435-1488) the Hafsids reached their last zenith, as the caravan trade through the Sahara and with Egypt was developed, as well as sea trade with Venice and Aragon.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Hafsid_dynasty (371 words)

	1087. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The founder of the dynasty was the religious firebrand MUHAMMAD IBN TUMART (1080–1130).
		The dynasty was founded by the Almohad governors of Tunis, who broke away when the caliph Abd al-Ma'mun renounced (1228) the religious doctrines of Ibn Tumart, the original leader of the Almohad movement.
		Overthrow of the Almohad dynasty by the MARINIDS, a coalition of Berber tribes.
	www.bartleby.com /67/322.html (782 words)

	Hafsid dynasty - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		After the split of the Hafsids from the Almohads under Abu Zakariya (1229-1249), he organised the adminsitration in Ifriqiya and built Tunis up as the economic and cultural centre of the empire.
		Although the Hafsids succeeded for a time in subjugating the empire of the Abdalwids of Tlemcen for a time, but between 1347 and 1357 it was twice conquered by the Merinids of Morocco.
		Under Utman (1435-1488) the Hafsids reached their last zenith, as the caravan trade through the Sahara and with Egypt was developed, as well as sea trade with Venice and Aragon.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Hafsid (393 words)

	Hafsid dynasty - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		After the split of the Hafsids from the Almohads under Abu Zakariya (1229-1249), he organised the adminsitration in Ifriqiya and built Tunis up as the economic and cultural centre of the empire.
		At the same time, many muslims from Andalucia fleeing the Reconquista of Castille and Aragon were absorbed.
		In the 16th century the Hafsids increasingly became caught up in the power struggle between Spain and the Osman-supported Corsairs.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/h/a/f/Hafsid.html (304 words)

	1574. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		MURAD BEY, FOUNDER OF THE MURADID DYNASTY IN TUNISIA.
		This Corsican renegade distinguished himself as bey, or governor of the Tunisian countryside, and was awarded by the Ottoman sultan the title of pasha and the right to pass the office on to his descendants.
		With this official recognition as well as the control of force and of the revenue from taxation, Murad Bey and his successors emerged as the real center of power in Tunisia, overshadowing the deys based in the capital.
	www.bartleby.com /67/827.html (761 words)

	History of Tunisia - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In the 429 Tunisia was captured by the Vandals and became the center of their short-lived kingdom until they were ousted by the Byzantines in 534.
		The Almohad caliph Abd al-Mu'min (1130 - 1163) conquered Morocco, intervened in Spain, and invaded Algeria and Tunisia.
		In 1230 they were succeeded by the Hafsids (ruled 1230 - 1574), who were recognised by Mecca, which furthermore acknowledged the ruler Al-Mustansir as caliph.
	arikah.com /encyclopedia/History_of_Tunisia (2338 words)

	Marinid at AllExperts
		It overtook the Almohad dynasty in controlling most of the Maghreb from the mid-1300s to the 15th century.
		Merinid dynasty: a Berber dynasty in Morocco and Spain (1244-1465)
		In 1337 the empire of the Abdalwads in Algeria was conquered, followed in 1347 by the empire of the Hafsids in Ifriqiya/Tunisia.
	en.allexperts.com /e/m/ma/marinid.htm (902 words)

	Hafsid dynasty - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		It was founded by a governor of the Almohad dynasty, Abu Zakariyya' Yahya, in north-central Africa 1229.
		It resisted periodic invasions by the Marinid dynasty.
		Spanish and Turkish forces later competed for the Hafsid territory, and the Ottoman Empire incorporated its land into a province in 1574.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1B1-366409.html (248 words)

	Libya - Hafsids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		With the demise of the Almohad dynasty in Morocco, the Hafsids adopted the titles of caliph and sultan and considered themselves the Almohads' legitimate successors, keeping alive the memory of Ibn Tumart and the ideal of Maghribi unity from their capital in Tunis.
		The Hafsids' political support and their realm's economy were rooted in coastal towns like Tripoli, while the hinterland was given up to the tribes that had made their nominal submission to the sultan.
		During the Hafsid era, spanning more than 300 years, however, the Maghrib and Muslim Spain had shared a common higher culture-- called Moorish--that transcended the rise and fall of dynasties in creating new and unique forms of art, literature, and architecture.
	www.countrystudies.us /libya/12.htm (482 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Dynasty
		Dynasty seasons 1-9 DVD Buy all 9 seasons and 220 episodes on 32 dvds.
		The Chinese portion of the empire was governed on the Tang pattern, while the northern part was set up on a tribal basis.
		It is named for the six successive dynasties that appeared in S China during the period: the Wu (222-80), the Eastern Ch'in (317-419), the Liu-Sung (420-79), the...
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Dynasty&StartAt=21 (512 words)

	Ibn Khaldun Encyclopedia Article @ Cowardice.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Under the Tunisian Hafsid dynasty some of his family held political office; Ibn Khaldūn's father and grandfather however withdrew from political life and joined a mystical order.
		In his autobiography, Ibn Khaldun traces his descent back to the time of the Prophet Muhammad through an Arab tribe from Yemen, specifically the Hadhramaut, which came to Spain in the eighth century at the beginning of the Islamic conquest.
		Back in Africa, the Hafsid sultan of Bougie, Abū ʕAbdallāh, who had been his companion in prison, received him with great cordiality, and made Ibn Khaldūn his prime minister.
	www.cowardice.net /encyclopedia/Ibn_Khaldun (2727 words)

	New Page 1
		They were allowed (to take possession of) the realms of the Persians and the Byzantines who were the greatest dynasties in the world at that time, (as well as the realms) of the Turks in the East, of the European Christians and Berbers in the West (Maghrib), and of the Goths in Spain.
		Thus, the expansion and power of a dynasty correspond to the numerical strength of those who obtain superiority at the beginning of the rule.
		The real reason why (large dynasties last longer) is that when collapse comes it begins in the outlying regions, and the large dynasty has many such provinces far from its center.
	www.muslimphilosophy.com /ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter3/Ch_3_08.htm (713 words)

	Abu al-Hasan 'Ali (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He married daughter of Abu Sa'id, member of Hafsid dynasty.
		He captured Tunis in 1347, but was a heavy defeated in battle next year by united Arab tribes of Tunisia.
		It is licensed under the GNU free documentation license.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/ab/Abu%20alHasan%20Ali.htm (162 words)

	Untitled Page
		The Hafsids rose around 1250 C.E. to fill the power vacuum in the Tunisia area left by the decline of the Almohads in North Africa.
		Under the Hafsids, Tunis began an period in which it was the capital of roughly the region of modern day Tunisia, a period that continues today.
		Also like the Aghlabids, the Hafsids are responsible for a large amount of construction in the medina, and actually oversaw the expansion of the inner city by two large neighborhoods.
	homepage.mac.com /bjhecht/Tunis/hafsids.html (450 words)

	Africa to 1500 by Sanderson Beck
		Mamluk means slave, and this dynasty rose in Egypt during the later crusades through military discipline and by seizing the throne of Egypt in 1250.
		Hafsid Ibn al-Lihyani was vizier for Tunis sultan Abu 'Asida (r.
		The Shi'a dynasty of the 'Ubaydid-Fatimids arose in Egypt.
	www.san.beck.org /1-12-Africato1500.html (15707 words)

	KhadijaTeri - Islamic period - Hafsid
		The Hafsids took the titles of caliph and sultan and considered themselves successors to the Almohads.
		With the demise of the dynasty in Morocco the these successors kept alive the ideal of Maghrib unity and based their capital in Tunis.
		During the Hafsid dynasty of western Libya, Cyrenaica lay outside the influence of the Hafsid control.
	www.khadijateri.com /hafsid.html (613 words)

	Access Islam
		Muhammad of Ghor, governor of Ghazni, defeats the armies of the Rajput Chauhan dynasty of North India.
		Former slave, Qutb-ud-din Aybek, captures India from the Ghorids and establishes the Slave Dynasty of the Sultanate of Delhi.
		The Almohad rulers of Tunisia establish the Hafsid dynasty.
	www.thirteen.org /edonline/accessislam/timeline984.html (703 words)

	Abu Zakariya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Abu Zakariya Yahya (1203-1249), founder and first ruler of Hafsid dynasty.
		By the end of his reign, the Marinid Dynasty of Morocco and several Muslim Princes in Spain paid him tribute and acknowledged his nominal authority.
		A skillful general, his ability to utilize the military power of the tribesmen enabled him to establish a strong state, his Hafsid dynasty brought peace, prosperity, and stability to Tunisia.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/ab/Abu%20Zakariya.htm (154 words)

	Pirate Event .com :: Arrr!ticles - Hafsid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Flag of Tunis under the Hafsids, according to the Catalan Atlas c.1375 created by James Dahl.
		The flag of Tunisia during the Hafsid dynasty is only shown once in all history.
		The horse was the symbol of Carthage, and featured centrally on their flags, and by placing a horse upon their flags, the Hafsids made the claim of continuity from that classical polity.
	www.pirateevent.com /piracy/hafsid.html (422 words)

	HRI/CORE/1/Add.46 - Core Document - Tunisia
		Tunis became the capital of the new dynasty, succeeding Mahdia and Kairouan.
		As from the second half of the sixteenth century, the Hafsid dynasty, which had been weakened by internal problems, the insurrection of the nomadic tribes and Christian expeditions against its coasts, began to decline.
		The Hafsid sultan, whose power was now limited to the north-west of Tunisia, eventually recognized the suzerainty of the Spaniards, who took Tunis in 1535.
	www.hri.ca /fortherecord1997/documentation/coredocs/hri-core-1-add46.htm (10297 words)

	Hafsid dynasty - Medbib.com, the modern encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		After the split of the Hafsids from the Almohads under Abu Zakariya (1229-1249), Abu Zakariya organised the administration in Ifriqiya (the Roman province of Africa in modern Maghreb; today's Tunisia, eastern Algeria and western Libya) and built Tunis up as the economic and cultural centre of the empire.
		At the same time, many muslims from Andalucia fleeing the Spanish Reconquista of Castile and Aragon were absorbed.
		In the 16th century the Hafsids increasingly became caught up in the power struggle between Spain and the Ottoman Empire-supported Corsairs.
	www.medbib.com /Hafsid (313 words)

	Hafsid dynasty
		A dynasty of powerful landlords who have redefined themselves as a dynasty of master builders in the 21st century.
		With the revival of the missions in China with Matteo Ricci, who died at Peking in 1610, the blood of martyrs was soon shed to fertilize the evangelical field; the change of the Ming dynasty to the Manchu dynasty, giving occasion for new prosecution.
		Founder of the African dynasty of Roman emperors.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Hafsid (1377 words)

	New Page 1
		When senility befalls a dynasty and its shadow recedes from the remote regions (of the realm), the inhabitants of the cities of (that dynasty) have to take care of their own affairs and to look after the protection of their own place.
		Because the air is clear of forceful government and dynasty, the elders desire to gain complete control.
		They paid (the ruling dynasty) some obedience and gave (it) reluctant allegiance, and treated (it) with some politeness, kindness, and submissiveness.
	www.muslimphilosophy.com /ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter4/Ch_4_21.htm (792 words)

	Algeria Zayanids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		From its capital at Tunis, the Hafsid Dynasty made good its claim to be the legitimate successor of the Almohads in Ifriqiya, while, in the central Maghrib, the Zayanids founded a dynasty at Tlemcen.
		The regime, which depended on the administrative skills of Andalusians, was plagued by frequent rebellions but learned to survive as the vassal of the Merinids or Hafsids or later as an ally of Spain.
		Many coastal cities defied the ruling dynasties and asserted their autonomy as municipal republics.
	www.country-studies.com /algeria/zayanids.html (240 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Sultanate Court of Tunisia in Tunis
		All North Africa was ravaged by the invaders, who, though unable to found an empire or overthrow the settled government in the towns, forced the agricultural Berbers into the mountains, and, retaining from generation to generation their lawless and predatory habits, made order and prosperity almost impossible in the open parts of the country.
		The Zirite dynasty was finally extinguished by Roger I of Sicily, who took Mahdia in 1148 and established his authority over all the Tunisian coast.
		He strengthened the grip on his horse and led the final cavalry attacked as he saw General Ali appearing from the horizon, leading a rear attack on the enemy.The cries of Allah is Great echoed in the sky of Allah, as death reigned upon the enemies of the Abbasids.
	forum.paradoxplaza.com /forum/showthread.php?t=189314 (5334 words)

	FreeFind Site Search Results
		Ziyanids and the Hafsids, the Marinids invaded Algeria but were further weakened and a related branch, the Wattasids, became hegemonic in Morocco from 1465 to 1554.
		Ziyanids and the Hafsids, the Marinids invaded Algeria as far as Tunisia but these efforts weakened them.
		History of H Hafsids Hurrians Honduras, Brief History of Hungary, Brief History of The Habsburg Empire, Brief History of The Hittites, Brief History of The Holy Roman Empire,
	search.freefind.com /find.html?id=62534245&pid=r&mode=ALL&query=Hafsids (112 words)

	A Taste of Maghribi History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Some of these dynasties were very orthodox while others appreciated wine and poetry and allowed women to go unveiled, especially those of the ruling classes.
		Gradually the disparate Andalusian dynasties of the ta'ifs weakened.
		A thriving state, rich with trade, particularly silk, and the arts it was ruled by the Nasrid dynasty beginning in 1232, The magnificent fortress and palace called al-Hamra was begun in 1248 and completed about one hundred years later.
	home.earthlink.net /~lilinah/Library/HistoryMaroc.html (3236 words)

	Portal of Tunisian Monuments and Sites - Tunisia Highlights
		The Hafsid dynasty began to decline in the second half of the 16th century and the Hafsid sultan had to submit to the Spaniards who had occupied Tunis in 1535.
		In 1574 an Ottoman flotilla under the command of Minister Sinan Pasha put an end both to the Spanish occupation and the Hafsid dynasty.
		From 1574 to 1705 Tunisia became an Ottoman province governed by Deys then by a dynasty that was practically autonomous from the Ottoman Caliphate: the dynasty of the Mouradit Beys.
	www.sites-tunisie.org.tn /EN/tunis_reperes_2.php (361 words)

	[No title]
		1056 Rise of the Almoravids : 1056 The Almoravid dynasty is founded by the Berber tribe of Lamtunah whose domains spread as far as Western Maghrib and Ifriqiyah (Tunisia) (448 A.H.)
		1229 Rise of the Hafsid Dynasty : 1229 Abu Zakariya Yahya declares his independence from the Almohads and founds the Hafsid dynasty in Tunisia (627 A.H.)
		1238 Rise of the Banu Al-Ahmar Dynasty : 1238 The Banu Al-Ahmar dynasty is founded in Granada at the hands of Muhammad bin Yusuf, known as Ibn Al-Ahmar (653 A.H.)
	dictionary.al-islam.com /Arb/Dicts/SelDict.asp?TL=1&DI=67&Theme=17 (861 words)

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