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| | Martial art |
 | | Systems of fighting have likely been in development since learning became transferable among humans, along with the strategies of conflict and war. |
 | | Students were traditionally trained in a strict hierarchical system by a master instructor ("sensei" in Japanese; in Chinese "sifu", or "shifu", lit., the master-father), who was supposed to look after your welfare, and the student was encouraged to memorize and recite without deviation the rules and routines of the school. |
 | | Some system of certification is usually involved as well, where one's skills would be tested for mastery before being allowed to study further; in some systems, such as in kung fu, there were no certifications, only years of close personal practice under a master, much like an apprenticeship, until the master deemed your skills sufficient. |
| www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/m/ma/martial_art.html (1608 words) |
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