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Topic: Hagenia

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	all about gorillas
		The dominant types of land cover are the Hagenia forest, the bamboo forest, and the mixed Hagenia-bamboo forest.
		Typical Hagenia forest with dense brush near the ground and an open canopy of trees overhead.
		The gorillas are found most frequently in the Hagenia forests, seasonally in the bamboo forests, and occasionally in the subalpine vegetation zone.
	www.cotf.edu /ete/modules/mgorilla/mghabitat.html (793 words)

	Bale Mountains National Park
		The mountains are surrounded to the northwest and northeast by fertile plains at 2,500 m that are heavily utilized for agriculture mainly wheat growing.
		This is succeeded by remnants of beautiful juniper and Kosso (Hagenia abyssinica) forest -a belt that reaches up to about 3,300 m altitude, which is the upper limit of the tree zone, apart from a few isolated trees in protected valleys.
		The northern forests are open with little under-growth, and while dominated by Juniper and Hagenia trees, also contain St John's Wort and bushes (Hypericum spp.) with large golden-yellow flowers, Schefflera abyssinica and Rappanea simensis trees amongst others.
	www.selamta.net /bale_mountains_national_park.htm (6321 words)

	Agroforestree Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hagenia abyssinica is a slender tree up to 20 m tall, with a short trunk and thick branches; branchlets covered in silky brown hairs and ringed with leaf scars.
		Hagenia is a monospecific genus and is most closely related to the monospecific genus Leucosidea.
		It occurs in undifferentiated afro-montane forest (mixed Podocarpus forest, Juniperus-Podocarpus forest) and dry single dominant afro-montane forest (Juniperus forest or forest dominated by Hagenia), especially along the upper limit; often associated with Schefflera abyssinica, S. volkensii, Galiniera saxifraga, Rapanea melanophloës and with the mountain bamboo, Arundinaria alpina; at lower altitudes often at forest margins.
	www.worldagroforestry.org /Sites/TreeDBS/Aft/Print.cfm?SpID=949 (765 words)

	UK Embassy of Rwanda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A gorilla visit can entail anything from a 1 to 4-hour trek through the forest, led by experienced trackers who have spent their entire lives living in or close to the forest.
		The Virunga ecosystem is composed of 4 major vegetation zones: bamboo (base altitude), Hagenia and Hypericum forest (2600-3300m), Sub-alpine (3300-4000m), and Afro-alpine (4000m+).
		Then of course, nothing could be more of a privilege than to spend an hour watching the gorillas as they go about their daily routine, feeding, playing and resting, as you question your primeval existence and relive the wonder that kept Dian Fossey living in the forest for almost 18 years.
	www.ambarwanda.org.uk /tourism/gorillas.htm (668 words)

	Mountain Nyala
		Fortunately in Bale, despite a certain amount of burning of the heath, great tracts of mountain giant heath forest and hagenia were left unspoiled and the Nyala were never seriously threatened with extin- ction.
		They were so much hunted that they became even more wary and shy than is their nature and one rarely caught more than a glimpse of them as they melted away into the bush.
		Here, where they are fully protected, they are beginning to be much more confident, and one can see them readily, especially in the mornings and evenings when they come down in to the hagenia forest on the lower slopes to graze.
	www.selamta.net /Nyala.htm (699 words)

	Definition of Mountain gorilla
		The home range size (the area used by one group of gorillas during one year) is influenced by the availability of food sources and usually includes several vegetation zones.
		George Schaller (1963) identified ten distinct zones, including: the bamboo forests at 2225–2804 m (7300–9200 ft); the Hagenia forests at 2804–3353 m (9200–1100 ft); and the giant senecio zone at 3444–4267 m (11300–14000 ft).
		Mountain Gorillas spend most of their time in the Hagenia forests, where gallium vines are found year-round.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Mountain_gorilla (2682 words)

	geographic & remote sensing information
		Two different types of forest are apparent here, the lighter gray blade-like strip of bamboo forest at the edge of the cultivated area and the darker hagenia forests on the higher slopes.
		The linear patterns in the cultivated areas are vegetated terraces marking the boundaries of the huge collective farms or "paysannants." These large agricultural features were originally made by European agricultural companies interested in growing pyrethrum, a natural insecticide.
		During the few months of the year when new bamboo shoots are growing, the gorillas spend part of their time foraging in the bamboo forests.
	www.cotf.edu /ete/modules/mgorilla/mglocalscale.html (1691 words)

	Anti-cancer extracts and pharmaceutical compositions and methods - US Patent 6811795 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hagenia abyssinica, commonly known as Kosso, grows at high altitudes and is indigenous to East Africa, particularly Ethiopia.
		It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for the prevention and treatment of cancer and other diseases by administration of the compositions or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
		In a particular embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises an extract that is prepared from the dried seeds of Ruta chalepensis, Millettia ferruginea, or Glinus lotoides.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6811795.html (9406 words)

	Aberdare National Park: The Ark, Tree Hotel
		Above the bamboo stretch miles of moorland, broken by rocky outcrops and hills, with a rich alpine and sub alpine flora, thickets of giant heath, species of senecio, lobelia, Festuca pilgeri and Carex moorland, Erica arborea, Helichrysum and Tussock grasses.
		Pockets of Hagenia forest (Hagenia abyssinica) also occur in sheltered patches on the moorland.
		Above the bamboo strech miles of moorland, broken by rocky outcrops and hills, with a rich alpine and sub alpine flora, thickets of giant heath, species of senecio, lobelia, Festuca pilgeri and Carex moorland, Erica arborea, Helichrysum and Tussock grasses.
	www.swiftsafaris.com /kenya/aberdare.htm (927 words)

	Birds
		The ibis is gregarious, often flocking in groups of 50 to 100; rarely is it found alone.
		The Yellow-fronted Parrot occurs in Ethiopia from approximately 600 to 3,350 meters (2,000-1 1,000 feet) in the western and southeastern highlands, the Rift Valley and the western lowlands in forests and woodlands varying from St. John's wort and hagenia to olive, podocarpus and juniper to fig and acacia.
		(5,000-10,500 feet) in the western and southeastern highlands and in the Rift Valley in forests and woodlands of hagenia, juniper, podocarpus, olive, acacia, candelabra euphorbia, combretum and fig.
	www.selamta.net /birds.htm (5852 words)

	CFR Mbeya: Mbeya Rural District
		Forest edges are characterized by Catha edulis, Hagenia abyssinica (common), Maesa lanceolata, Myrica salicifolia, Syzygium cordatum, and Tecomaria sp..
		Hagenia abyssinica is currently being extracted, legally and illegally.
		Common trees and shrubs seen: Ensete ventricosum, Hagenia abyssinica, Ilex mitis, Macaranga sp., Maesa lanceolata, Sinarundinaria alpina and Trichocladus ellipticus.
	www.mckone.org /mbeya.html (7580 words)

	primates.com : great apes : gorillas
		The mountain gorilla is found in the countries of Rwanda, Uganda, and Zaire, on the slopes of the Virunga volcanoes (Estes, 1991).
		This species prefers to live in hagenia woodlands and are found up to 3500 meters in altitude.
		The favorite plants of the mountain gorilla are the leaves of the hagenia and hypericum trees and wild celery.
	www.primates.com /gorillas/gorilla-info.html (1950 words)

	hagenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The dried female flowers are used as a remedy for intestinal worms, and infusion from the bark as a cure for diarrhoea (Noad et al., 1994).
		Nowadays Hagenia forest in Mt. Kenya is endangered by a number of threats.
		Despite this specie not being heavily logged, severe damages were observed due to fire occurences, debarking of trees by elephants, and big games created by buffaloes.
	www.rsrg.uni-bonn.de /Projekte/kenya/dfg_rep/botanic_gallery/hagenia/hagenia1.html (125 words)

	Ethiopian Embassy in Italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Orlano le colline campi di Hagenia abyssinica e di Juniperus procera, mentre sopra di essi si aprono distese di flora alpina.
		Spesso si vedona scimmie colobo nel bosco di Hagenia prima di attraversare il corso d'acqua.
		A pochi minuti di cammino da qui, attraverso un boschetto di splendidi alberi di Hagenia, si trova una piccola postazione fotografica.
	www.ethiopianembassy.info /index.php?method=zoom&id=80 (2831 words)

	habitat and food
		Mountain gorillas tend to stay around the bamboo forest zones, especially the Hagenia forest, since it is leafy and moist and provides a constant abundance of food.
		Their favorite plants to eat are the leaves of the hagenia and hypericum trees.
		The majority of their foods are found year-round in the Hagenia forests, their primary habitat.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /people/vecase/Behavior/Spring2004/petrosky/habitat_food.htm (279 words)

	Langston University Goat Research Extension (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Medicinal plants such as Hagenia abyssinica (Kosso) and Glinus lotoides (Hirta) contain substances with nematocidal activity (Abegaz and Dagne, 1978).
		The ability to control nematode infestation in humans through use of plants with anthelmintic properties has been recognized and is widely used in countries such as Ethiopia (Abegaz and Dagne, 1978; Sofowora, 1982).
		Thus, the objective of this research was to examine the anthelmintic activity of Hagenia abyssinica (Kosso) in growing Alpine goats.
	www.luresext.edu /international/parasite.htm (1261 words)

	Telegraph \| Travel \| Rwanda and Uganda: Meet the relatives
		In the clearing ahead of us we can see Ubumwe, a magnificent 400 lb silverback gorilla, who is gnawing at some bamboo while keeping an eye on the other members of his group.
		Two youngsters are swinging on vines, another is bopping this way and that, shaking his shoulders as if listening to a rap song on headphones, while at the base of a giant hagenia tree a sub-adult male is lying back soaking up the rays while a female grooms him.
		The Parc des Volcans ranges in altitude from 8,000ft to 15,000ft and is dominated by a line of 12 volcanoes, six of which are active, ringed by bamboo forest interspersed with stands of great hagenia trees.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /travel/main.jhtml?xml=/travel/2003/10/25/etgorilla.xml&sSheet=/travel/2003/10/25/ixtrvhome.html (3253 words)

	UK Embassy of Rwanda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Although hiking and climbing the Volcanoes is currently not permitted, a gorilla visit can entail anything from a 1/2 hour to a 4-hour trek through the forest, led by experienced trackers who have spent their entire lives living in or close to the forest.
		Your trek through the forest will not be easy, but will be enchanting as you weave through overhanging vines, moss covered Hagenia trees and giant Lobelias that thrive in the tropical climate of the forest.
		You may spot golden monkeys swinging from the bamboo, or see wild buffalo, bush duiker and an wide assortment of bird life.
	www.ambarwanda.org.uk /tourism/index.htm (770 words)

	AFRICA - Explore the Regions - Ethiopian Highlands
		An Ethiopian native, the wattled ibis is a sociable bird (usually travelling in flocks of 50 to 100 members) and its resounding "haa-haa-haa-haa" call can be heard from miles away.
		The wattled ibis can be found at elevations above 5,000 ft., primarily along rivers with overhanging cliffs, but also in open savannas and among clumps of juniper, hagenia and giant heath.
		They are very common throughout the Bale National Park and have appeared on Ethiopian stamps.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/africa/explore/ethiopia/ethiopia_animals_lo.html (457 words)

	Mount Kenya Treks
		The forest, bamboo and Hagenia - Hypericum zones between 2100 and 3000 m host a rich fauna.
		Among the larger animals to be found are the cape buffaloes, bushbucks and the elephants.
		Further on after the castle there is a good campsite ‘kampi ya farasi’ on which we pitch up our tents for the night.
	www.chogoria.com /jeff/mtkenya (2077 words)

	J.U. Lloyd, 1911: History of the Vegetable Drugs of the USP: Cusso (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The cousso tree (Hagenia abyssinica) is native to Abyssinia, where it is generally planted about the villages on the high tablelands, from 3,000 to 8,000 feet above the sea level.
		Bruce (105) observed its uses, 1768-1773, during his expedition to discover the sources of the Nile, and Willdenow (385), 1799, described it under the name Hagenia.
		Its use as a vermifuge was derived from Abyssinian domestic practice, the decoction being used for this purpose.
	www.ibiblio.org /herbmed/eclectic/lloyd-hist/hagenia.html (145 words)

	CFR Mbeya: Rungwe District
		Bushland: Low stature Hagenia abyssinica and Maesa lanceolata are common, with scattered berry bushes and bracken.
		Pinus patula and Hagenia abyssinica are currently being exploited, often illegally, where the reserve adjoins the Kiwira Forest Project.
		Hagenia abyssinica and Pinus patula are the primary species being cut.
	www.mckone.org /rungwe.html (5014 words)

	Gorilla Trekking & Tracking in Rwanda
		The mountain gorillas spend most of their time in the hagenia woodlands and bamboo forests.
		During the raing season when new bamboo shoots are growing, the gorillas spend more time foraging in the bamboo forests (base altitude).
		The PNV was Dian Fossey's base a long time ago (She died on the 26th of December 1985), and it is at the Karisoke Research Center that during 18 years she carried out her study on mountain gorillas.
	www.safari-uganda.com /rwanda/volcanoe.php (676 words)

	Biodiversity Hotspots - Eastern Afromontane - Overview
		Many species common in montane forest, such as trees of the genera Podocarpus and Juniperus, have economic importance, while several crops including coffee (Coffea arabica) and tef (Eragrostis tef) from the Ethiopian Highlands have been domesticated.
		Above 3,000 meters, the Afroalpine ecosystem consists of grassland and moorland, with an abundant herb layer, while the heathland scrub above this is dominated by heathers.
		The Herenna Forest, which lies in south-central Ethiopia, is characterized by shrubby Hagenia growing alongside giant lobelias (Lobelia gibberroa) and mountain bamboo (Arndinaria alpina).
	www.biodiversityhotspots.org /xp/Hotspots/afromontane (675 words)

	African National Parks » Volcano National Park :: Travel to Africa on Safaris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This 46-square-mile (120 km2) park supports several vegetation zones from lowland forest to luxuriant mountain forest to Afro-alpine.
		From 8500-11,000 feet (2590-3350 m) primary forest is dominated by hagenia trees growing 30-60 feet (9-18 m) in height.
		Hagenia have twisted trunks with low branches covered with lichen out of which parasitic orchids often grow.
	africa-national-parks.africaetravel.com /146/volcano-national-park (343 words)

	Atlas: Early holocene in Northern Tanzania - first results from Empakaai crater by Maria A. Ryner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The vegetation in the highlands (2300-3100 m a.s.l) consists of a mixture of dry evergreen forest with Juniperus procera, Tecla simplicifolia and Nuxia congesta and highland shrubs and grassland.
		Small patches of moist evergreen forest with Hagenia abyssinica are limited to the southern part of the caldera.
		Hagenia abyssinica, a component of moist evergreen forest, being the most dominant taxa of the pollen sum, indicates that humid conditions may have prevailed at that time.
	atlas-conferences.com /c/a/h/i/22.htm (515 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands (AT1007)
		There is a cloud forest belt at 2,000 to 2,500 m in the south, while in drier locations (particularly on steep hillsides) the forest consists of Podocarpus falcatus and Juniperus procera, often with Hagenia abyssinica.
		In the north, between 2,300 and 2,700 m in the Simien Mountains, there is an evergreen broadleaved montane forest dominated by Syzygium guineense, Juniperus procera, and Olea africana (Nievergelt et al.
		On the moist slopes of the Harenna forest, a shrubby zone of Hagenia and Schefflera grows along with giant lobelias, Lobelia gibberroa, similar to the vegetation found on the upper reaches of most East African mountains.
	worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at1007_full.html (2465 words)

	Bushbuck Adventures: Aberdares/Mt Kenya/Shaba Walk
		We finally reach our camp which has already been set up for us on the edge of a Hagenia (Rosewood) grove, with views of the main ridge beyond.
		Rising with the sun and after a hearty breakfast, we drive along a little used track to the Satima road head.
		We walk back through the Hagenia, Podo and Cedar forest, perhaps spotting bird and flower species that we missed on the way up and arrive back at our campsite near the Sirimon Gate ready for a hot shower and cup of tea.
	www.kilimanjaro.com /safaris/bushbuck/mtkenya.htm (1386 words)

	Protected Areas Programme - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Above the valley bottoms (3,000m) and the treeline at 3,400m are found the Northern Woodlands.
		Most Junipers are relatively small (15-20m tall), since the area is the upper limit to the species growth, and few are found near the upper treeline.
		The reason for this is possibly that the leaves of Hagenia are much eaten by Mountain Nyala, and in the Gaysay/Adelay area the density of Mountain Nyala is preventing any regeneration.
	www.unep-wcmc.org /sites/pa/0048p.htm (932 words)

	Western Kenya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Savannah woodland merges with thick mountain forests dominated by Giant podo trees, Juniper, Elgon teak broken here and there by thick bamboo thickets as one ascends the mountain.
		Above the thick mountain forest is the relatively open forest dominated by Cedar and Hagenia trees hung with long stands of lichen called "old man’s beard", where one finds multitudes of ferns, mosses and orchids on the tree trunks and branches.
		Beyond the Cedar-Hagenia forest is the Afro-Alphine moorland dominated by several forms of heather where we find Giant Groundsels and Lobelia growing at above 3,600 meters (12,000 ft.) level and everlasting flowers (Helichrysum spp.) covering the moorland as far as the eye can see.
	www.visitkenya.com /Text/west7.htm (391 words)

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