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Topic: Haidamaks

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Szlachta

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - BALTA:
		Jewish settlements were established in both sections when the rebellion of the Cossaoks or the Haidamaks broke out in 1768.
		The Haidamaks pursued and overtook a part of them in the open steppe near Balta, and slaughtered them ([Tammuz] July, 1768).
		A new band entered Balta and was opposed by a regiment of Tatars, but during the struggle many Jews were slain and their property seized by both sides.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=182&letter=B (509 words)

	Russian Literature - LoveToKnow 1911
		The Cossack songs, written in the Little Russian language, dwell upon the glories of the sech, the sufferings of the people from the invasions of the Turks and Mongols, the exploits of the Haidamaks and, lastly, the fall of the Cossack republic.
		In the powerful poem entitled Haidamak we have a graphic picture of the horrors enacted by Gonta and his followers at Uman.
		The funeral of the poet was a vast public procession; a great cairn, surmounted with a cross, was raised over his remains, where he lies buried near Kaniov on the banks of the Dnieper.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Russian_Literature (7748 words)

	Our Jerusalem.com -
		Seeing that the Jews could not be defeated, the Haidamaks sealed off the synagogue perimeter, brought a canon and fired, blasting its walls as they threw themselves upon the many who had taken refuge there.
		Haidamaks ran through the streets in a frenzy, killing and looting Poles and Jews.
		Some Haidamaks went to the city hall and informed the local Jewish merchants that, for a high price, they would be left alone.
	www.ourjerusalem.com /opinion/story/the-fifth-of-tammuz-remembering-the-victims.html (1156 words)

	The Haidamaks
		The Cossacks and the haidamaks are respected and worshipped in Ukraine.
		The haidamak movement arose in Podillya at the beginning of the eighteenth century.
		The haidamaks fought in bands against Polish occupiers, Jewish landlords and Uniats, whose church was in communion with the Roman Catholic Church but retained Orthodox rites and codes of canon law.
	www.ukraine-observer.com /articles/222/900 (815 words)

	Ukrainian Mentality and the "Authorities"
		In different periods of Ukrainian history - Cossack times, Haidamaks (Haidamaka uprisings - eighteenth-century popular rebellions against the social, national, and religious oppression of the Polish regime in Right-Bank Ukraine), times of Nestor Makhno, guerillas during WWII - are described in the world history as the most powerful mass movements of previous centuries.
		Haidamaks were the people who got out from under control of Polish rule and only God and their own conscience were above them.
		Makhnovists (adherents of Nestor Makhno) were those Ukrainians who preached an ideology of anarchism, anarcho-communism, and ideology of society without a state rule, without power.
	www.ukraine-observer.com /articles/187/154 (1849 words)

	The Jerusalem Post - This Day in Jewish History
		As soon as the Jews were all massacred the Haidamaks (the paramilitary bands) began to kill the Poles.
		Although the Haidamaks began in the 1730's the main rioting was during the years 1734, 1750 and 1768.It is estimated that during these years 20,000 Jews were killed.
		The Haidamaks became part of the Ukrainian national movement and are celebrated in folklore and literature.
	info.jpost.com /1999/Supplements/JewishHistory/today.cgi?mon=6&day=18 (227 words)

	The Haidamaks were paramilitary bands in 18th century Polish...
		The Haidamaks were paramilitary bands in 18th century Polish...
		The "Haidamaks" were paramilitary bands in 18th century Polish Ukraine.
		A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
	www.geodatabase.de /Haidamaks (61 words)

	[No title]
		However, the so-called movement of Haidamaks rose in the region.
		Small, yet extremely mobile squadrons of Haidamaks attacked the landlords' estates, merchants' caravans, separate tenants, etc. The Haidamak movement continued until the mid 1770s.
		The great people's liberation revolt began in Right Bank Ukraine in 1768 and was known as "Koliivshchyna".
	www.ukraine-today.com /reference/facts/9.shtml (732 words)

	Haidamakas - Definition, explanation
		The haidamakas, also haidamaky or haidamaks (singular haidamaka, Ukrainian: {
		The haidamak movement was formed mostly of local Cossacks and peasants (kozaky and holota), against the Polish szlachta in right-bank Ukraine.
		The unrest against the gentry and the Catholics led to the haidamaka uprisings (haidamachchyna), including the armed Koliyivshchyna rebellion of May, 1768.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/h/ha/haidamakas.php (248 words)

	National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv :: General Information :: Taras Hryhorovich Shevchenko
		Born a serf, Shevchenko was freed in 1838 while a student at the St. Petersburg Academy of Fine Arts.
		His first collection of poems, entitled Kobzar (1840, "Kobzar"), expressed the historicism and the folkloristic interests of the Ukrainian Romantics, but his poetry soon moved away from nostalgia for Cossack life to a more sombre portrayal of Ukrainian history, particularly in the long poem " Haidamaks" (1841).
		When the secret Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius was suppressed in 1847, Shevchenko was punished by exile and compulsory military service for writing the poems " Dream," " Caucasus," and " Epistle," which satirized the oppression of Ukraine by Russia and prophesied a revolution.
	www.univ.kiev.ua /eng/geninf/tgs.html (192 words)

	The Singer of the Haidamaks "ДЕНЬ"
		The poet reminisced later about his rapturous sentiments as follows, “The desire was so strong that during the school Mass I mainly prayed God to help me become a poet.” Translations of Horace and a poem about Tadeusz Kosciuszko were the young Seweryn’s first works.
		This oeuvre debunks the myth of the haidamaks’ excessive cruelty and savagery.
		The heroes suffer from the vagaries of time, often recall their golden youth, and are tragically tormented over “what the implacable fate decreed.” The murder of Oksana triggered other fatal crimes, which laid the groundwork for Koliyivshchyna.
	www.day.kiev.ua /135987 (1742 words)

	Jewish History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As soon as the Jews were all massacred, the Haidamaks (the paramilitary bands) began to kill the Poles.
		Although the Haidamacks began in the 1730's, the main rioting was during the years 1734, 1750 and 1768.
		The Haidamaks became part of the Ukrainian national movement and are celebrated in folklore and literature.
	www.jewishhistory.org.il /1760.htm (896 words)

	Refine - Outstanding people of Ukraine
		There Taras heard for the first time the heroic story about the Haidamaks from his grandfather.
		Later he immortalized his recollections in his poem “ The Haidamaks ”.
		After his mother’s death his father married again but Shevchenko’s stepmother failed to bring any kindness into his home.
	www.refine.org.ua /pageid-1860-1.html (349 words)

	Fiddler on the Roof: Jewish History in Ukraine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In times of rebellion and war, this hatred and jealousy was vented in severe persecutions and horrifying massacres.
		such as the Chmielnicki massacres of 1648–49, when over 100,000 Jews were brutally killed and almost all the communities of the Ukraine were destroyed, and the persecutions of the Haidamaks in the 18th century, which were more limited in scope but even more terrible in their cruelty.
		The messianic agitation which followed the massacres of 1648–49 paved the way for the penetration of Shabbateanism, while at the time of the Haidamak persecutions and the revival of blood libels, the Frankist movement made its appearance, and Hasidim as inaugurated by Israel b.
	www.portals.com /fiddler/history.htm (3324 words)

	Chronology of Events
		The messianic agitation which followed the massacres of 1648–49 paved the way for the penetration of Shabbateanism, while at the time of the Haidamak persecutions and the revival of blood libels, the Frankist movement made its appearance, and Hasidim as inaugurated by Israel b.
		Persecutions of the Haidamaks were more limited but more cruel.
		The Cossack authorities of the part of the Ukraine annexed by Russia beyond the Dnieper opposed the frequent expulsions of the Jews from there (1717, 1731, 1740, 1742, 1744), and argued in favor of their free admission to the Ukraine (1728, 1734, 1764) stating that the Jews promoted the region's trade.
	www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org /odessa/chronology_of_events.htm (1733 words)

	[No title]
		Regular troops of murderers, called Haidamaks (the Tartar word for partisans), were formed under brutal leaders who cared not a straw for human life, and who reveled in the death-struggles of their Polish and Jewish foes.
		They did so, and were suddenly attacked by the Cossacks and the inhabitants of the town, and almost entirely cut down amid frightful tortures (Siwan 20-June Io, 1648).\par Another Haidamak troop under Kryvonoss attacked the town of Tulczyn, where about 600 Christians and 2,000 Jews had taken refuge in the fortress.
		Meanwhile the Haidamaks roamed about in Volhynia, Podolia, and West Russia, and slaked their revenge in the blood of nobles, Catholics, clergy, and Jews, to thousands and tens of thousands.
	www.saltshakers.com /lm/GraetzD.rtf (18893 words)

	Ukraine Info \| About Ukraine \| History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		However, the so-called movement of Haidamaks rose in the region.
		Small, yet extremely mobile squadrons of Haidamaks attacked the landlords' estates, merchants' caravans, separate tenants, etc. The Haidamak movement continued until the mid 1770s.
		The great people's liberation revolt began in Right Bank Ukraine in 1768 and was known as "Koliivshchyna".
	www.ukraineinfo.us /about/history.html (6035 words)

	Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Ukraine - Publications
		However, the so-called movement of Haidamaks rose in the region.
		Small, yet extremely mobile squadrons of Haidamaks attacked the landlords' estates, merchants' caravans, separate tenants, etc. The Haidamak movement continued until the mid 1770s.
		The rebels conquered the fortress of Uman as well as a number of other towns and settlements.
	www.mfa.gov.ua /mfa/en/publication/content/359.htm (620 words)

	Boguslav Collection Point
		Although Russians and Poles note that in both the Polish-Muscovy wars and the Khmilnitsky Massacres, Boguslav took heavy losses, no Jew wrote of the communities's losses here so it is not recorded in Jewish sources.
		The eighteenth century saw the ambitions of Russia's Empress Catherine the Great played out in their front yard with the Haidamaks being incited to attack vulnerable Jewish and Polish settlements throughout the Ukraine.
		The city was not defensible and the Jewish population fled to safer havens in 1768, their homes were destroyed, and their movable property largely vanished.
	www.jewishgen.org /Ukraine/Kiev/boguslav/BoguslavCollection.htm (1371 words)

	Anti-Semitism - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		In the 1650s the Swedish invasion of the Commonwealth (The Deluge) and the Chmielnicki Uprising of the Cossacks resulted in vast depopulation of the Commonwealth, as over 30% of the ~10 million population has perished or emigrated.
		In the related 1648-55 pogroms led by the Ukrainian Haidamaks uprising against Polish nobility (szlachta), during which approximately 100,000 Jews were slaughtered, Polish and Ruthenian peasants often participated in killing Jews (The Jews in Poland, Ken Spiro, 2001).
		The besieged szlachta, who were also decimated in the territories where the uprising happened, typically abandoned the loyal peasantry, townsfolk, and the Jews renting their land, in violation of "rental" contracts.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/a/n/t/Anti-Semitic_cf3f.html (10121 words)

	All about "OPERATION WISLA" (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Then, later on, the Polish people treated the Ukrainians living among them as a necessary evil, with hostility and contempt.
		The Poles did not want to have Ukrainians among themselves; they wanted to believe that the Ukrainians are the people of murderers, of the haidamaks, and others like that.
		The Haidamaks - the anti-Polish, Ukrainian insurgents in the 17th century.
	lemko.org /lih/olszansk.html (4908 words)

	Ambassadress of Ukraine, a marvelous, generous and fantastic country, Natalie Motsky - Turkish Daily News Feb 06, 2001
		After a month interval we start our Diplomatic Coffee section with the wife of the Ukrainian ambassador, Natalie Motsky.
		The Ukrainians, a kind hearted, sentimental and introspective people just like the anonymous poets who left behind thousands of unparalleled folk songs, and at the same time an industrious and courageous people like the Zaporozhian Cossaks and the haidamaks, are a multiethnic population consisting of more than 110 ethnic groups.
		Motsky has been in Turkey for three years.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /archives.php?id=21793 (878 words)

	Stalin-ch6
		Thanks to the retreat of the German armies, the Reds hastened to occupy the Baltic and Lithuanian provinces, which were immediately converted into little Soviet States.
		In the Ukraine, where fifteen governments or so succeeded one another in less than four years, they disputed the ground with the reactionary troops of the Hetman Skoropadsky, the nationalist insurgents under Petlura, the anarchist peasants of Makhno, guerilla bands of all sorts and the haidamaks of the highways and byways.
		In the east they penetrated into the Urals, after having dislodged the Committee of the Constituent Assembly from Samara and the Directory of the Social Revolutionaries from Ufa, but they had to retreat before Kolchak's White Army under the orders of the Omsk dictatorship protected by the Allies.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/writers/souvar/works/stalin/ch06.htm (18396 words)

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