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Topic: Haikouichthys

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Myllokunmingia

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	Palaeos Vertebrates > Bones> Gill Arches > Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This embryonic origin of the gill arches has been thought to be a good argument for their involvement with the jaw, but against their relationship with the limbs.
		Whatever else Haikouichthys may be, it is certainly not a gnathostome.
		However, (a) the gill arches seem to be jointed and (b) they appear to be closely related to paired fin-folds on the anaspid model.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Bones/Gill_Arches/Gill_Arches.html (563 words)

	Palaeos Paleozoic: Cambrian: The Cambrian Period
		Haikouichthys was originally described by Shu et al.
		Portions of the anatomy were then redescribed on the basis of this massive body of new data by an all-star cast of Chinese and Western early vertebrate specialists.
		We hasten to add that this does not place Haikouichthys in the Vertebrata, as we use that term in the Vertebrate section of Palaeos.
	www.palaeos.com /Paleozoic/Cambrian/Cambrian.htm (2516 words)

	Myllokunmingia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There is no sign of mineralization of the skeletal elements.
		A similar creature from these shales is known as Haikouichthys.
		Suspected chordates (more primitive hemichordates) are also known from these deposits.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Myllokunmingia (218 words)

	Fossil Record of the Vertebrates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The first known vertebrate fossils, found at the Chengjiang locality in China, date back to the early Cambrian.
		These early vertebrates, such as Haikouichthys, are small, tapered, streamlined animals showing eyes, a brain, pharyngeal arches, a notochord, and rudimentary vertebrae.
		Land amniotes continued to diversify, and by the middle Pennsylvanian had split into several taxa, two of which would go on to dominate the Mesozoic and Cenozoic: the diapsids and the synapsids.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /vertebrates/vertfr.html (307 words)

	Fauna and Flora
		Haikouichthys was similar, but had a more slender form.
		Zhongxiniscus (with S-shaped muscle segments) has been interpreted as an intermediate form between Myllokunmingella, Haikouichthys and Cathaymyrus (represented by 2 species and characterised by a long, slim body).
		Most recently, the discovery of a new specimen indicates that Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys are in fact the same species.
	palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk /Palaeofiles/Lagerstatten/chngjang/animalia.html (1313 words)

	haikouella (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Haikouella does not have bones or a movable jaw, but it otherwise resembles vertebrates.
		Almost certain fish Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia have been found in the same beds.
		Suspected Hemichordates (more primitive chordates) are also known from these deposits as well as from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /haikouella.html (278 words)

	Head and backbone of the Early Cambrian vertebrate Haikouichthys (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		However, although they are known from skeletal impressions in younger Palaeozoic agnathans, information about the earliest records of these systems has been largely wanting.
		Haikouichthys shows significant differences from other fossil agnathans: key features include a small lobate extension to the head, with eyes and possible nasal sacs, as well as what may be otic capsules.
		Although Haikouichthys somewhat resembles the ammocoete larva of modern lampreys, this is because of shared general craniate characters; adult lampreys and hagfishes (the cyclostomes if monophyletic) are probably derived in many respects.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v421/n6922/abs/nature01264_r.html (311 words)

	Report of GeoScience Research Center: Vol.1
		This is a primitive fish that has many similarities to the living hagfish.
		Along with Haikouichthys, Myllokunmingia is among the oldest vertebrate animal ever found.
		The publication of this discovery in the international scientific journal Nature (4th Nov. 1999) has aroused great interest in the palaeontological community, as these fossils extend the known time-span of the vertebrates back another 50 million years.
	www.gs-rc.org /repo/repoe.htm (417 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Therefore, it should be quite simple for paleonotologists to trace the origin of vertebrates: first, simply try to find the earliest and possibly the most primitive representatives of vertebrates; then, continuously trace their more primitive ancestors within protochordate-like fossils.
		The discovery of the early Cambrian “naked” fishes Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys has pushed the earliest vertebrate record back by roughly 50 millions years, so they are really “the first fish” we know of (Shu et al., 1999a).
		Fortunately, three years later, we have found hundreds of well-preserved samples of Haikouichthys and a couple of specimens of a new fish Zhongjianichthys, which have provided much needed details, including information on principal sensory organs in the head and primitive vertebrae (Shu et al., 2003a).
	www.globalzoology.org /de-gan-shu.doc (1943 words)

	BBC News \| Sci/Tech \| Oldest fossil fish caught
		They are identifiable, say the scientists, because of their gills and a zigzag arrangement of muscles called myotomes, which are only found in fish.
		One of the creatures, Haikouichthys ercaicunensis, has gills which are supported by gill bars and the second, Myllokunmingia fengjiaoa, has a more primitive arrangement of gills, but with a series of identifiable pouch-like structures.
		Professor Simon Conway Morris, of the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, and Professor Degan Shu, of Northwest University, in Xi'an, China, have been analysing the fossils, along with eight other scientists from China.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/504776.stm (433 words)

	J15 The first bony fishes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		These consist of an unbroken, three-layered sheet of hard tissue, with pores but, in the absence denticles or dentine-like structures, are enigmatic (they could be crustacean).
		An Early Cambrian fish is the agnathan Haikouichthys.
		Numerous specimens from a locality near Haikou, China, allowed D.-G. Shu, in 2003, to detail its backbone (a notochord with separate vertebral elements) and a small lobate extension to its head with eyes and possible nasal sacs, as well as what may be otic capsules.
	geowords.com /histbooknetscape/j15.htm (317 words)

	Waking Up to the Dawn of Vertebrates, Science News Online (11/6/99)
		Both the Chinese specimens have a zigzag arrangement of segmented muscles—the same type of pattern seen in fish today, reports Degan Shu of Northwest University in Xi'an, China, and his colleagues.
		The fossils, named Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys, also have a more complex arrangement of gills than the simple slits used by amphioxus, according to the team's report in the Nov. 4 Nature.
		Although the ancient Chinese animals qualify as vertebrates, they lack the bony skeleton and teeth seen in most, but not all, members of this subphylum today.
	www.sciencenews.org /sn_arc99/11_6_99/fob1.htm (621 words)

	Chapter 7 The Early Vertebrates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Chordates were already known from the Chengjiang fauna, specifically in the form of Yunnanozoon, which is very much like Pikaia from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale and the living amphioxus, Branchiostoma, with recognizable gills and the characteristic zig-zag pattern of muscle bands that makes these animals chordates.
		A new and well preserved fossil called Haikouella was described late in 1999, and it seems to be close to the boundary between chordates and the first jawless fishes.
		However, Haikouichthys is not merely a chordate but a lamprey-like jawless fish, with gill bars supporting its gills.
	www.geology.ucdavis.edu /~cowen/HistoryofLife/CH07.html (1383 words)

	Head and backbone of the Early Cambrian vertebrate Haikouichthys : Nature
		Head and backbone of the Early Cambrian vertebrate Haikouichthys : Nature
		Agnathan fish hold a key position in vertebrate evolution, especially regarding the origin of the head and neural-crest-derived tissue
		Although Haikouichthys somewhat resembles the ammocoete larva of modern lampreys, this is because of shared general craniate characters; adult lampreys and hagfishes (the cyclostomes if monophyletic
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v421/n6922/abs/nature01264.html;jsessionid=911D1114A47EDA0C3F5F82D18DE74A71 (337 words)

	DARWINISM-WATCH.com - Responding Evolutionist Propaganda in the Media
		This reveals that evolutionists, who in any case support a totally indefensible scenario (in other words the illogical claim that a complex design such as that in teeth could be the work of chance mutations), are now obliged to propose that this scenario actually took place many times.
		Let us also recall here that evolutionists already face an insuperable dilemma when it comes to the origin of fish: it has been calculated that the fossil fish Haikouichthys ercaicunensis and Myllokunmingia fengjiaoa found in China in 1999 are some 530 million years old.
		That figure takes us back to the exact middle of the Cambrian Period, when just about all the known animal phyla emerged.
	www.darwinism-watch.com /science_newfossil_030221.php (516 words)

	Haikouichthys - China-related Topics HA-HD - China-Related Topics
		Haikouichthys - China-related Topics HA-HD - China-Related Topics
		There is one species Haikouichthys ercaicunensis Luo, Hu andamp; Shu
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	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Haikouichthys (310 words)

	News & Notes - Does God Exist? - JanFeb00
		We have also pointed out that there are a number of backboned animals that appear very early in the fossil record.
		In Science News (November 6,1999, page 292) is an article about a fossil called Myllokunmingia and another called Haikouichthys which have all the properties of chordates but are in rocks that are 530 million years old.
		This article agrees with the point that we have made in the past that all life groups appear at the same time in the fossil record--a point also made in the biblical record.
	www.doesgodexist.org /JanFeb00/NewsNotes.html (1144 words)

	v1fish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Two genera, Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys are known from China.
		They lack bone, but have skeletons of cartilage.
		Haikouichthys looks like a lamprey, Myllokunmingia looks like a hagfish.
	users.tamuk.edu /kfjab02/dinos/v1fish.htm (593 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 020.000 Craniata Overview
		Crown group vertebrates, i.e., the last common ancestor of lampreys and gnathostomes, can scarcely have been much later.
		In fact Haikouichthys, also described in Shu's paper, may well be a very primitive hyperoartian (lamprey cousin).
		By Late Cambrian times, at 500 My, vertebrates had evolved a variety of forms, including the extraordinarily strange and successful euconodonts.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/020Craniata/000.html (2370 words)

	CC211: Invertebrate-vertebrate transition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cathaymyrus diadexus, the oldest known chordate (535 million years old; Shu et al.
		Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys, two early vertebrates that still lack a clear head and bony skeletons and teeth.
		They differ from earlier invertebrate chordates in having a zigzag arrangement of segmented muscles, and their gill arrangement is more complex than a simple slit (Monastersky 1999).
	www.talkorigins.org /indexcc/CC/CC211.html (208 words)

	500 Vertebrate Fish Found in Early Cambrian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Where only one incomplete fossil had been known before, now 500 specimens of early Cambrian agnathan fish of the genus Haikouichthys have been reported in the Jan.
		This wealth of new fossils “reveals a series of new and unexpected features that imply a major reconsideration of several features of early agnathan evolution,” says the team of Chinese and European paleontologists.
		The possession of eyes (and probably nasal sacs) is consistent with Haikouichthys being a craniate, indicating that vertebrate evolution was well advanced by the Early Cambrian.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/832709/posts (12889 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Name the approximate geologic period in which they occurred.
		Define "fish." State the importance of the fossil forms Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys.
		Living agnathans Diagram or briefly summarize the phylogenetic relationships of cephalochordates, hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes.
	people.morehead-st.edu /fs/d.eisen/BIOL530/ObjectivesI.doc (993 words)

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