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	Hakka (linguistics) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Moreover, Hakka rimes exhibits the final stops found in Middle Chinese, namely which are romanised as m, n, ng, b, d, and g respectively in the official Moiyan romanisation.
		These so called yin-yang tonal splittings developed mainly as a consequence of the type of initial a Chinese character had during the Middle Chinese stage in the development of Chinese languages, with unvoiced initial characters tending to become of the yin type, and the voiced initial characters developing into the yang type.
		In modern Meixian Hakka however, part of the Yin Ping tone characters have sonorant initials originally from the Middle Chinese Shang tone characters and fully voiced Middle Chinese Qu tone characters, so the voiced/unvoiced distinction should be taken only as a rule of thumb.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/H/Hakka-(linguistics).htm (1095 words)

	Hakka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Hakka (Chinese: 客家; pinyin: kèjiā, literal meaning "guest families") are a Han Chinese people whose ancestors are said to originate from around Henan and Shanxi in northern China over 2700 years ago.
		The Hakka farmers were known to have used their feet while standing upright to pull weeds off rice paddies, as their cultural pride would not allow them to kneel and crawl on land belonging to the Manchus.
		Hakka were active in the Taiping Rebellion led by the failed Qing scholar Hong Xiuquan who thought he was the brother of Jesus, and lead a following which formed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (Taiping Tian Guo).
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/H/Hakka.htm (906 words)

	Hakka - An important element of Chinese culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The spelling "Hakka" is derived from the pronunciation in Hakka dialect (pronounced as "haagga" in Hakka and "kejia" in Mandarin).
		Hakka people are noted for their preservation of certain cultural characteristics that could be traced to pre-Qin period (about 2200 years ago) as expressed in the custom, foods, spoken language, etc.
		Hakka people are also known to be very adamant in defending their cultural heritage, which was the reason for their migration to flee from the "northern" influence at that time.
	www.asiawind.com /hakka (2284 words)

	Anthropology Review Database
		Migration and Ethnicity in Chinese History consists of nine chapters that move from considering Hakka development in the Lingnan macro-region (sections of Guangxi and Guangdong provinces) to ethnicity in the twentieth century and to Pengmin migration and social integration in late Imperial China.
		Hakkas, for example, were disproportionately represented in the Tokyo branch of the Tongmenhui, Sun Yatsen's revolutionary organization; fifty of one hundred and twenty-two Guangdong members were Hakkas (85).
		By the 1930s, Hakka success was apparent in "...the anomalous prominence of the Hakkas in Guangdong and the dynamic push of individual Hakkas in the military and political spheres" (88).
	wings.buffalo.edu /ARD/showme.cgi?keycode=1108 (2191 words)

	The Hakker Chinese preview
		The study of Hakka is a study of conservation and survival of an ancient heritage under constant impact of others, which is something all cultures are facing in today's world.
		Hakkas are characteristic of hardworking people and their spoken language can find roots in ancient classical Chinese.
		Hakkas are a distinct group of people found in parts of the provinces of China including Guangdong (廣東省;), Jiangxi (江西省;), Guangxi (廣西省;), Fujian (福建省;), Hunan (湖南省;), Sichuan (四川省;) and Taiwan (台灣省).
	www.poseidonbooks.com /hakkabook.htm (2019 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Hakka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Hakka (Chinese: 客家; pinyin: kèjiā, literal meaning "guest families") are a Han Chinese people whose ancestors are said to originate from around Henan and Shanxi in northern China over 2700 years ago.
		Hakka were active in the Taiping Rebellion led by the failed Qing scholar Hong Xiuquan who thought he was the brother of Jesus, and led a following which formed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (Taiping Tian Guo).
		Hakka people are also found in South Africa, Mauritius and the islands of the Carribean, particularly Jamaica.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Hakka (1688 words)

	TAIWANESE HAKKA
		They said the origins of Hakka are unknown and the most common opinion is that they moved from northern or central China in stages whenever population pressures demanded or during periods of frequent warfare.
		The Hakka were called this when they began migrating into Yue-speaking territory, and the exotic name seems to have stuck quite simply because, until fairly recently, many Cantonese and Min mistakenly thought that the Hakka were not Chinese at all, but rather some kind of strange non-Han "barbarians" like the Tai or the Miao.
		If the Hakka language is not established in the new area, then immigrants disappeared and adopted the new identity of the ethnic group of other language.
	home.i1.net /~alchu/hakka/toihakka.htm (3931 words)

	Hakka (from Chinese languages) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Chinese exists in a number of varieties that are popularly called dialects but that are usually classified as separate languages by scholars.
		Mandarin Chinese is spoken in all of China north of the Yangtze River and in much of the rest of the country and is the native language of two-thirds of the population.
		The British officer known as Chinese Gordon was famous for his romantic adventures in Asian countries and for his dramatic death at the siege of Khartoum.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-75034?tocId=75034 (786 words)

	Hakka Roots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Many of the characteristics of the Hakka Chinese that are evident today were instilled during the “yesterdays” of their rich history.
		The Han Chinese people who would one day become the Hakka Chinese fled from their homes in Honan Province (near the Yellow River) to Kiangsi Province during this 150 year period of time.
		When the Hakkas came onto the scene, the local Kaying residents were made up of Cantonese people (Han Chinese) and various tribal peoples (non-Han Chinese.) The Hakka Chinese looked down on the non-Han Chinese tribals, while the Cantonese people looked down on the Hakkas.
	www.hakkaministries.org /hakkas/hakkaroots.htm (464 words)

	Jordan's China Handbook: The Chinese Language(s)
		Since Chinese tend to name languages after places, and since English tends to use the same names for languages and the people who speak them, it is useful at this point to include a few additional terms you will find in the anthropological literature referring to regional variants of Chinese language or culture.
		It is, of course, almost as foreign to speakers of Non-Mandarin variants of Chinese as the old literary standard was, for the languages of China vary not only in pronunciation, but in vocabulary and word order (a fact rarely appreciated by northern Chinese or by Chinese who have been the victims of school system propaganda).
		Traditionally, most written Chinese tended to be adialectical, a phenomenon made possible by the hieroglyphic nature of the writing system, as we noted, But literary tastes varied, and some writers more closely followed dialectical usages of one area or another, while others remained closer to a strictly written standard.
	weber.ucsd.edu /~dkjordan/chin/hbchilang-u.html (6779 words)

	Carine’s Blog!!!
		Hakkas from China began settling in Mauritius in 1868.
		One reason is that others define a ‘Hakka’ as someone who speaks the language or has Hakka culture, rather than by their common history.
		By this definition, the ethnic Hakka population of the country is not Hakka.
	www.moi-carine.com /wp?p=499 (603 words)

	A Christian Response to Hakka Chinese Ancestor Practices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Chinese ancestor practices have been and continue to be one of the most important hindrances to the spread of the Gospel in Taiwan.
		For the Hakka Chinese, to not practice these things is similar to ignoring the needs of living parents.
		For most Hakka Chinese whom I have interviewed, ancestor practices are not the same as the worship of the gods.
	members.aol.com /taimission/hak_ance.htm (1551 words)

	TAIWANESE HAKKA
		This paper ("Study on Immunoglobulin Allotypes in the Chinese: a Hypothesis of the Origin of the Chinese Nation" by T Zhao et al in "Acta Genetica Sinica 1991; 18:97-108").
		Hakka and other southern populations (such as Wu, Ming, Yue and others) in China and Taiwan (Hoklo, aboriginal groups) are primarily southern origin rather than migrated from northern China.
		Hakka in Taiwan is well known to have high prevalence of G6PD deficiency among the different ethnic groups.
	home.i1.net /~alchu/hakka/toihak0.htm (2757 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Hakka are particularly known for their love of folk songs that include themes of hard work, poverty, love, and relationships.
		Most Chinese Hakka still practice ancestor worship, believing that the spirits of deceased ancestors are alive and need to be fed and cared for.
		The Diaspora Han Chinese; The Hainanese of China; The Hunanese of China; and
	www.ksafe.com /profiles/p_code/981.html (758 words)

	Hakka - China-related Topics HA-HD - China-Related Topics
		Hakka (Chinese languageChinese: 客家; pinyin: k?jiā, literal meaning "guest families") are a Han Chinese people whose ancestors are said to originate from around Henan and Shanxi in northern China over 2700 years ago.
		Although they are frequently distinctive in culture and Hakka dialectlanguage from the surrounding population, they are not considered a List of Chinese ethnic groupsseparate ethnic group by Chinese and are seen as part of the majority Han Chinese.
		Like their associates in Fujian, the Hakka in Xingning and Meixian area developed their unique architecture styles, among which weilongwu (Chinese: 围龙屋) and sijiaolou (Chinese: 四角楼) are especially famous.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Hakka (937 words)

	SEND International Christian World Missions - Places - Taiwan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Hakka Chinese are a distinct ethnic group of Han Chinese who left their home in the north of China to live primarily in the southern provinces of Guangdong and Fujian during the fifth century.
		In Chinese the name "Hakka" means "guest," a title ostensibly derived from a requirement by the emperor in the East Tsin Dynasty that these people register as "guests" in a census of the country.
		Many of the smallest and weakest churches in Taiwan are in Hakka areas, and very few of the larger churches make any effort to reach out to the Hakka in a culturally sensitive approach.
	www.send.org /places/taiwan.htm (1580 words)

	Hakka (linguistics) - TheBestLinks.com - Hakka Chinese, People's Republic of China, Chinese language, Dialect, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Hakka (linguistics) - TheBestLinks.com - Hakka Chinese, People's Republic of China, Chinese language, Dialect,...
		Hakka Chinese, Hakka (linguistics), People's Republic of China, Chinese...
		Currenly the single largest work in Hakka is the New Testament and Psalms (1993, 1138 pp., see [2] (http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/chinesehakka.html)), although that is expected to be surpassed soon by the publication of the Old Testament.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Hakka_Chinese.html (1120 words)

	YORK UNIVERSITY MEDIA RELEASE
		The conference will feature recent scholarly research on the history and the current situation of the Hakka diaspora, believed to be the most widely dispersed of any cultural group in the world.
		What is known about the origins of the Hakka, the basis of their migratory patterns and their ability to maintain unique customs such as living in circular, communal housing and not binding the feet of women, is still a mixture of history and myth.
		Meanwhile, the Hakka history of dispersement has made them experts in dealing with the duality of culture and place, the need to adapt and the desire to preserve cultural traditions.
	www.yorku.ca /mediar/releases_1996_2000/archive/122000.htm (358 words)

	Hakka Chinese Confront Protestant Christianity 1850-1900 : With the Autobiographies of Eight Hakka Christians, and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The autobiographies of eight pioneer Chinese missionaries featured in this book offer an unusual opportunity to view village life and customs in Guangdong during the mid-nineteenth century by providing details on Hakka death and burial rituals, ancestor veneration, lineages and lineage feuds, geomancy, the status of Hakka women, widespread economic hardship, and civil disorder.
		The authors' commentary addresses the issue of conversion, which was fueled by individual desire for solace and salvation, the building of a support community amid social chaos and the possibility of social mobility through education.
		Despite an expanding role by Western missionaries, the Chinese origins, the rural interior locale, and the status of the Hakka as a disadvantaged minority contributed to successive generations of Christian families and to early progress toward an autonomous Hakka church.
	www.allbookstores.com /book/0765600374 (294 words)

	Origins of the Hak Ga Peoples (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Hakka is one dialect of the Chinese language.
		Studies of family genealogies show that the ancestors of the original Hakka, were residents of the Great Central Plains of Eastern China, around the Yellow River basin about two millenia ago.
		And their decendents see themselves as chinese, because they have strong ties to their roots and bound by a common language.
	www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk /sapienti/hakorig.htm (470 words)

	Lee's Wok Chinese Restaurant
		We have brought to Canada the truly distinct Indian-style Hakka Chinese cuisine that originated in the Guangdong province of China.
		With the migration of Hakka Chinese to several countries throughout the world, Hakka cuisine is now known and loved by people of all races.
		In specific, three entire generations of Hakka Chinese have lived in India where Hakka cuisine acquired a unique taste of its own.
	www.geocities.com /leeswokrestaurant/home.html (143 words)

	Hakka
		Hakka (kèjiāhuà) is spoken in south eastern China, parts of Taiwan and in the New Territories of Hong Kong.
		There are also significant communities of Hakka speakers in such countries as the USA, French Guiana, Mauritius and the UK.
		Cantonese, Dungan, Gan, Hakka, Mandarin, Shanghainese, Taiwanese, Teochew, Xiang
	www.omniglot.com /writing/hakka.htm (239 words)

	ChineseCulture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Some of the site may require a Chinese reader software.
		Japan maintains a strong tradition of Chinese culture in the Tang dynasty.
		There are many similarities between the mayan culture and Chinese culture.
	www.asiawind.com /hakka/china.htm (118 words)

	Encyclopedia: Hakka dialect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Updated 281 days 1 hour 48 minutes ago.
		chi (B) / zho (T) Amongst the dialects of Hakka, the Moi-yen/Moi-yan (梅縣;, pinyin: MéiXìan) dialect has been used most as a prime example of the Hakka language.
		Currently the single largest work in Hakka is the New Testament and Psalms (1993, 1138 pp., see [1]
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hakka-dialect (1119 words)

	Indian Chinese Food (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It is unique Chinese cooking that has evolved from years of living in India by the Hakka Chinese.
		In the early 1900's, the Hakka Chinese migrated from Canton Province, China to Calcutta, India, to escape from opium warfare and other political issues.
		it is in India that the Hakka Chinese were faced to taste traditional Indian pungent cooking.
	hotwokvillage.com /about_us.htm (313 words)

	Taiwanese Hakka Association of USA Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Hakka Monthly (Hakka Magazine) is a very good magazine for Hakka information.
		From August 10-17, 2000, the PAM-AM Taiwanese Hakka Culture Conference was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
		There were total of 24 Hakka Associations from Canada, USA, Latin America and Asia sponsoring this event.
	www.softidea.com /twhakkausa (558 words)

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