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	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Hakka
		Taiwan's Hakka are concentrated in Hsinchu City and Hsinchu County, Miaoli County, and around Jhongli in Taoyuan County, and Meinong in Kaohsiung County, and in Pingtong County, with smaller presences in Hualian and Taitung County.
		Hakkas on the island of Bangka have a very interesting accents scheme, said to be heavily influenced by the Malay native language.
		Hakka were active in the Taiping Rebellion, led by the failed Qing scholar Hong Xiuquan who claimed he was the younger brother of Jesus, and they led a movement which formed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (Taiping Tian Guo).
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Hakka (2721 words)

	Hakka architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hakka architecture is a building style in southern China unique to the Hakka people.
		The materials used for Hakka architecture can either be brick, stone, or rammed earth, with the latter being most common..
		The origins of Hakka architecture have been traced to older forms of fortifications in southern China, as seen in Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms tomb models unearthed in Guangzhou, Guangdong and in Ezhou, Hubei.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hakka_architecture (588 words)

	Laputan Logic - Hakka
		Contributing yet another strand to the patchwork of overseas Chinese speech and customs were the Hakkas, latecomers to the southernmost provinces, moving into Fukien and Kwngtung in two separate migrations: during the tenth century and the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
		The Hakkas whose name means `guest families' have been described as the gypsies of China, people who live side by side with speakers of different dialects in enclaves scattered across six southern provinces, without a homeland of their own.
		Little wonder that the Hakkas were the only Chinese to refrain altogether from binding their daughters' feet into the `golden lilies' that were de rigueur everywhere else.
	www.laputanlogic.com /articles/2006/05/19-1031-385.html (937 words)

	Hakka Houses
		In the mid stage, the Hakkas were losing their support and affiliation with the imperial court.
		In early Hakka development areas and core Hakka culture areas, the most popular types are the Five-Phoenix buildings and other Ping Fang (平房 "flat house" or Piang Fong in Hakka).
		The open-type Ping Fang tends to be the newer trend of Hakka houses.
	www.asiawind.com /hakka/houses.htm (1749 words)

	Hakka
		Hakka were active in the Taiping Rebellion led by the failed Qing scholar Hong Xiuquan who thought he was the brother of Jesus, and led a following which formed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (Taiping Tian Guo).
		Hakka people are also found in South Africa, Mauritius and the islands of the Carribean, particularly Jamaica.
		The Hakkas have had a disproportionate influence on the course of Chinese and Overseas Chinese history particularly in the field of revolutionary and political leaders.
	www.measuroo.com /eth-H/Hakka.php (1690 words)

	Chinese architecture - Chinese Art - Chinese Art
		Thus, in contrast to Western architecture, which tends to grow in height and in depth, Chinese architecture stresses on the visual impact of the width of the buildings.
		The privileging of certain colours, numbers and cardinal directions in traditional Chinese Architecture reflected the belief in a type of immanence, where the nature of a thing could not be attributed to a transcendent God or pinciple but was irreducible from the thing itself.
		The Chinese dragon, an emblem reserved for the imperial regime, were heavily used on imperial architecture - on the roofs, on the beams and pillars, and on the doors.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Chinese_architecture (1317 words)

	新網頁4 (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Each of the Hakka people seems to be a frugal, diligent “invisible society member.” However, as a family or group, the cohesion and identification among Hakka people are unbreakable, especially in the resistance to outside influences.
		Hakka awareness is not limited to the appreciation of the beautiful rhythm of songs and language, the aromatic pounded tea, tasty traditional delicacies or the folk style enclosed buildings.
		The hardy Hakka people are no longer just an invisible group in the society, but a people who are proud of their traditions and now strive for the conservation and renovation of their culture.
	www.ihakka.net.cob-web.org:8888 /hakka2002/hakka200209/topic02_e.htm (630 words)

	The Cultural Heritage of China :: The Arts :: Architecture :: Hakka
		As this Hakka architecture is unique in the world, the State Bureau of Cultural Relics of China has applied to UNESCO for the Earth buildings to be placed on the World Cultural Heritage List.
		The materials used for Hakka architecture vary between brick and stone.
		Unlike their kin in Fujian, the Hakkas in the Xingning and Meixian area developed a non-fortress like unique architectural styles, most notably the weilongwu (围龙屋; wéilóngwū) and sijiaolou (四角楼; sìjǐaolóu).
	www.ibiblio.org /chineseculture/contents/arts/p-arts-c03s03.html (711 words)

	Pilot Guides.com: Houses and History of the Hakka Tribe
		The Hakka are usually found in the less habitable regions of China and South-East Asia, as with most tribes who have emigrated away from their homelands.
		The name Hakka is a Cantonese pronunciation of the Mandarin word Ko Chia ("guest people"), Around seven percent of Chinese align their roots to the Hakka.
		Their architecture falls into three categories and is probably representative of the Hakka's social status over time.
	www.pilotguides.com /destination_guide/asia/china/hakka_tribe.php (1031 words)

	steelfabny.com Architectural styles
		Architectural style is a way of classifying architecture largely by morphological characteristics in terms of form, techniques, materials, etc. However it is not a holistic way of understanding architectural works because of its emphasis on style.
		It overlaps with, and emerges from the study of the evolution and history of architecture, but it is slightly different in its emphasis.
		While in architectural history, the study of, for instance, Gothic architecture would include all the aspects of the cultural context that went into the making of these structures, architectural style is a way of classifying architecture that gives emphasis to the characteristic features of Gothic architecture, leading to a terminology such as Gothic "style".
	www.steelfabny.com (186 words)

	EARTH ARCHITECTURE: Chinese Hakka Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Regarded by architects as the cream of Chinese traditional residential architecture, tulou, or earth buildings, first appeared about 1,200 years ago, and were mostly completed in the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties.
		They were built and inhabited by the Hakka people - a group belonging to the Han family who can trace their ancestors back more than 1,500 years to central and north China.
		During the hundreds of years of migration, the Hakka people tried to maintain their own culture and way of life, keeping their own unique dialect, custom and cuisine.
	www.eartharchitecture.org /archives/001991.html (141 words)

	Vanishing Landscapes
		The early Hakkas of southern Taiwan were farmers by profession, and were spiritually in touch with the land.
		The overall appearance of Hakka dwellings is highly textural because basic sections were composed of natural materials: a stone foundation, a bare brick middle, and upper walls of white washed mud plaster.
		They distill the essence of Hakka culture that is sure to endure long after the walls have crumbled to the ground.
	newviews.freehosting.net /hakkahouses.html (846 words)

	The Earthen Buildings of Hakkas - Ancient China Architecture
		The ancestors of Hakkas used to live in central China and were forced to move southward due to wars, famine and political reasons.
		At the end of the Ming Dynasty as the Mandarin army and farmers' uprising were rampant, Hakkas moved on to central Guangdong and coastal area, also to Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan and Taiwan with a minority going to southern Guizhou.
		During the reign of the Qing Emperor Tongzhi (1862-1874), Hakkas moved on to Hainan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, South-eastern Asia and even to Europe and America as a consequence of the Taiping Tianguo uprising.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/architecture/styles/earth-building.htm (1003 words)

	Related Topics: Non-legal Considerations: Language (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hakka is of Altaic origin with sinicized adoption of Chinese characters as the means of written communication.
		The political suppression of the Hakka language has been so effective in the media, especially television, that a number of Hakka youth are unable to speak their mother tongue.
		Secondly, Hakka children must have the opportunity to learn their language in school as a means of communication.
	www.taiwandocuments.org.cob-web.org:8888 /language.htm (882 words)

	YONGDING, HAKKA TULOU 14 on Flickr - Photo Sharing!
		The round hakka tulous were built using mud bricks and wood without nails, which makes it a truly remarkable feat esp considering the manpower and skill needed.
		When looked from the outside, the other walls of the round tulous actually curved slightly inwards which helped in creating a natural incline for the inside roofs to shelter each floor from the damage of sun and rain, if built any taller, this natural 'advantage' would be lost.
		This is taken at a Hakka Tuluo at Yong Ding (Fuzhou Province in China).
	www.flickr.com /photos/aurorin/72335332 (458 words)

	History
		The Hakka dialect in the northern part of Guangdong is called "North River Hakka" which is slightly different from the "East River Hakka" from subsequent migrations via Fujian and Jiangxi.
		Due to the general belief by Hakka that they are "Han" people, the Hakka people are extremely diligent in keeping clan/family genealogy records in hope that they would go back to their hometown in North China.
		Intead, Hakkas would have to be the actual "invaders" from the north trying to spread their own culture to the south.
	www.asiawind.com /hakka/history.htm (6103 words)

	Posts tagged with architecture \| MetaFilter
		Esfahan is a world heritage site and is home to many examples of traditional Persian Architecture which is made up of eight traditional forms which taken together form the foundation on which it was based in the same way that music was once based on a finite number of notes.
		After the orchids were destroyed by a freak snowstorm in 1962, he decided to switch to experiments in architecture.
		is a tour of modernist landmarks, tying architectural practice to politics and movements in art.
	www.metafilter.com /tags/architecture (2571 words)

	growabrain: Architecture Archives
		As a prototype for future Big Dig architecture, the structural system for this house is almost wholly comprised of steel and concrete from Boston's Big Dig, utilizing over 600,000 lbs of recycled materials.
		The purpose of this project was to re-discover and re-express the true essence of Japanese architecture through bamboo as both structural and non-structural element.
		The Architecture of Moscow from the 1930s to the early 1950s.
	growabrain.typepad.com /growabrain/architecture (2778 words)

	Fujian (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hakka, a Han Chinese People with its own distinct identity, live in the southwestern parts of the province.
		The She, scattered over mountainous regions in the north, is the largest minority ethnic group of the province.
		Hakka, another subdivision of spoken Chinese, is spoken around Longyan by the Hakka People who live there.
	fujian.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (2810 words)

	Hakka Houses in Longgang
		In the "outer area" of Shenzhen, north and east of the center, lies the district of Longgang.
		But they are different because in the process of the endless and complicated migration, the style of the Hakka dwellings continued to develop.
		The present Hakka dwellings in Longgang are called the Hakka Enclosed Houses with many characteristics such as in building structure, the buildings are squarely enclosed with a moon pool and a threshing floor at their front, and with a small hill or flower terrace at their back.
	thetempleguy.com /deepasia/china/hakka_longgang.htm (436 words)

	Offbeat Homes » Hakka Dwellings of China
		The Hakka people of China were originally immigrants from the northern regions who moved and settled into the southern provinces.
		Because they were latecomers to the area, the Hakka had to set up homes in mountainous regions and were often subject to attack.
		Round in shape, they were internally divided into many different compartments for food storage, living quarters, ancestral temple, armoury etc and the larger houses would cover over 400,000 square feet in size and house 500-600 people.
	www.offbeathomes.com /hakka-dwellings-of-china (256 words)

	Comparing Asian Nationalities \| Asian American Poll \| GoldSea
		Believe or not, Hakkas and Hoklos have much more in common with the Japanese than with the Southern Chinese such as the Cantonese.
		Btw, the Hakkas and Hoklos are neither true Cantonese nor true Fujianese.
		Unlike Cantonese architecture which is stagnant and boring or the Fujianese style which is known to be as ostentatious or flashy.
	goldsea.com /Poll/Comparing/comparing_20312.html (870 words)

	Hakka Landscape Concert at Luliaokeng
		Hakka arts and Luliaokeng, the home of Haili mandarins, are united to give a fascinating feast of culture and arts.
		Hakka architecture is thus blended in with Mother Nature.
		While having all these Hakka arts workers to perform at the festival, the sponsor also hopes the audience can learn through this landscape stage show that performing arts and the land are closely related.
	en.ihakka.net /TopicDetail.asp?ID=9775 (904 words)

	17th Century Chinese Fortress Villages \| MetaFilter (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		I seem to remember that "Hakka" means something like "guest people" - they are Han chinese, but moved from the north into the south and speak a very different dialect.
		The women also didn't bind their feet, and they were involved in the Taiping rebellion (the prophet and some of the leaders were Hakka).
		This always struck me as somewhat odd since the Hakka (yes, the name literally means "guest people"- 客家人) are not recognized as an ethnic minority by the PRC (ethnic minorities, of which there are 56 recognized groups, are exempt from the one-child policy, among other policy differences).
	www.metafilter.com.cob-web.org:8888 /mefi/54963 (1146 words)

	⊙ AntiQuark: Ye Olde Hakka Round-Houses
		The less-logical parts of my brain think it would be damn cool to live in a Hakka roundhouse, or tulou.
		Lots of good pics of the exterior and interior of Hakka houses.
		Flickr has lots of pics tagged as hakka or tulou.
	www.antiquark.com /2006/04/ye-olde-hakka-round-houses.html (270 words)

	Discussions, Comments China the Beautiful -September 1999
		Hakka tend to identify any one fighting against norhtern invaders because they were the victims of the invasion.
		Apparently, many Japanese tourists go there to see the unique Hakka architecture of the Roundhouse, though many Fujianese and travel guides are not very aware of this place.
		Earthquake in Hakka is Ti Tong (as pronounced in the romanization way) WE also have the saying of Ti Ngiu.
	www.chinapage.com /archive/guestread-99-9.html (14555 words)

	Hakka - China-related Topics HA-HD - China-Related Topics
		Hakka (Chinese languageChinese: 客家; pinyin: k?jiā, literal meaning "guest families") are a Han Chinese people whose ancestors are said to originate from around Henan and Shanxi in northern China over 2700 years ago.
		Although they are frequently distinctive in culture and Hakka dialectlanguage from the surrounding population, they are not considered a List of Chinese ethnic groupsseparate ethnic group by Chinese and are seen as part of the majority Han Chinese.
		image:hakka_tulou.jpgframedExamples of Hakka tu lou buildings in Fujian with terraced rice fields in back.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Hakka (937 words)

	Grace Wright's Storefront - Lulu.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Hakka are a minority group that has been in China since, at least 240 B.C. They have cultural markers that separate them from the majority Han Chinese Group.
		The Hakka are a minority group that has been in China since at least 249 B.C. They have cultural markers that separate them from the majority Han Chinese Group.
		This edition has some color figures of Hakka architecture.
	www.lulu.com /grace-wright (222 words)

	Discussions, Comments China the Beautiful -October 1999
		I have been told that there is a TV soap series shown in Singapore and Malaysia on the Hakka families with flahback to the tulou houses in China.
		The Hakka elders who accompanied me around the oldest round-house said all Hakkas are of the same family, so they do not differentiate between the various family members and hence privacy is not that important.
		I was fortunate to acquire a book in Singapore on the Hakkas called "¿Í¼ÒÈË: The Hakkas", and I now realise that there are in fact two groups of Hakka architecture, namely the tulous for the Hakka commoners and the houses for the Hakka dignitaries.
	www.chinapage.com /archive/guestread-99-10.html (17568 words)

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