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	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Hal Draper (1914-1990) was a Third Camp American socialist activist, Marxist and author, perhaps best known for his role in the Berkeley, California Free Speech Movement.
		In 1964 Draper was heavily involved in the Free Speech Movement, an important precursor of that decade's New Left, on the University of California, Berkeley campus.
		Hal Draper's brother, Theodore Draper, was a historian of the American Communist movement.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Hal_Draper (599 words)

	Introduction to Hal Draper
		It was in 1932, in the midst of this widespread radicalization, that Hal Draper joined the socialist movement.
		From 1932 until his death in 1990, Hal Draper was a prolific Marxist writer and a socialist activist.
		Draper is one of the few who, instead of abandoning the movement in despair and rejecting his own political past, analyzed what was happening with the combination of rigorous research and passionate outrage that is the stamp of the Marxist tradition.
	www.whatnextjournal.co.uk /Pages/Back/Wnext10/Intro.html (920 words)

	'Introduction to 1996 Bookmarks edition' — SWP (Britain)
		Hal Draper was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1914 and was amongst a group of young people who moved towards revolutionary socialism during the Great Depression of the 1930s.
		Draper was associated with left wing agitation against the right wing leadership of the SP and was soon attracted to Trotskyism.
		Draper’s analysis of the Soviet Union was that it was a new class society that was neither socialist nor capitalist.
	www.swp.org.uk /swp_archive.php?article_id=5020 (600 words)

	Theodore Draper--American historian and social critic
		Hal Draper aligned himself with the opposition inside the Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party, led by Max Shachtman and James Burnham, which declared that the pact signed in August of that year between Hitler and Stalin proved that the Soviet Union was no longer a workers’ state.
		Theodore Draper was similarly disillusioned by the Nazi-Soviet pact, but in his case it led to the rejection of Marxism and the adoption of a liberal anticommunism which characterized him politically for the rest of his life.
		It may be that Draper’s long correspondence with Cannon and careful research on the history of the CP served to remind him of the role of revolutionary struggle in human history, and the role of counterrevolution as well.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2006/mar2006/drap-m31.shtml (1452 words)

	Hal Draper
		Hal Draper (1914 -1990) was a socialist activist, Marxist, Left-Shachtmanite, and author.
		This was a development that Draper opposed although he went along with for lack of an alternative orientation.
		In 1964 Draper was heavily involved in the Free Speech Movement, an important precursor of that decade's New Left, on the Berkeley campus.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/h/ha/hal_draper.html (384 words)

	Draper, Hal :: Political Philosophers : Gourt
		Hal Draper (1914-1990) was an American socialist activist, Marxist, Left-Shachtmanite, and author, perhaps best known for his role in the Berkeley, California Free Speech Movement.
		His brother, Theodore Draper, is best known for his studies of the Communist Party of the United States of America and himself an activist in the socialist movement.
		Draper was initially a member of the Young People's Socialist League, then the youth affiliate of the Socialist Party of America.
	science.gourt.com /Social-Sciences/Political-Science/Political-Philosophy/Political-Philosophers/Draper,-Hal.html (378 words)

	An Appreciation of Hal Draper
		Draper came out of the movement that Max Shachtman had built, retaining the theory of bureacratic collectivism with regard to a position on the character of the Soviet Union.
		After a very brief faction fight in which the people around Draper attempted to "reorient" the International Socialists along the non-micro-sectist lines that Draper was beginning to identify, the Reorient group left the IS, with the intention of forming a "political center" along the lines which Draper was beginning to advocate.
		"For me Hal Draper's idea is convincing because I can think of many examples of papers from different countries and movements that have, perhaps unconsciously, functioned as political centers in the way he theorized, had a "larger readership than their owners" as someone suggested of a now defunct US journal.
	www.marxmail.org /archives/august98/draper.htm (1511 words)

	Hal Draper \| Workers' Liberty
		We were glad to publish your political statement in Labor Action (see left), for we know that what you have to say will be of justifiably great interest to all who admire your novels as well as all who respect your past contributions to the struggle for socialism and human rights.
		Hal Draper (1914-1990) was another American Marxist who upheld Third Camp politics.
		Draper joined the socialist movement in 1932, becoming a national organiser of the Young People's Socialist League, the youth group associated with the Socialist Party.
	www.workersliberty.org /taxonomy/term/505 (472 words)

	Hal Draper - Students in the 1930s — LastSuperpower (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Draper proudly boasts of having continued to fight against Communists for having "betrayed" the anti-war movement by supporting collective security against fascism right up until 1937-1938.
		Just as remarkable as the fact that Draper was still proud of this Trotskyist stand sabotaging collective security against fascism as late as 1965, is the fact that this resistance was successful until 1937.
		Note also that despite his (genuine) status as a "theoretician" Draper feels content to simply describe his heroic struggle against the Communists and collective security, without feeling any need to present arguments to demonstrate that he was right and they were wrong.
	www.lastsuperpower.net /docs/Draper/document_view (2384 words)

	ZNet \| Vision & Strategy \| A Third Soul
		Draper is saying that he wants a true socialism and that any effort to attain it has to have structural commitments that melt into a new system that is participatory and self-managing.
		Draper doesnât do the latter because he feels there is a schism between what these actors say they want, which is trumpeted in nice quotes that we could surely find, and what their concepts imply and what these individuals and their movements actually did in real history.
		The important evidence, Draper knows, is not the self descriptions, but the concepts and the aims proposed for others to relate to, as well as the structures advocated for people to work in.
	www.zmag.org /content/print_article.cfm?itemID=5675§ionID=41 (4672 words)

	Workers' Liberty #57 - Introduction to Hal Draper on Bruno Rizzi. September 1999.
		He is still spoken of as either the originator or best representative, or both, of the view that the Stalinist USSR was a new socio-economic formation, not capitalist, not socialist, but "bureaucratic collectivist".
		In fact, though Trotsky had recoiled from it, that conclusion was plainly indicated in Trotsky's own formulation in his book, The Revolution Betrayed (1936) that in the USSR "the state owns the economy and the bureaucracy, so to speak, owns the state".
		But those - including, I suppose, Hal Draper - who rejected the idea that the USSR was any sort of workers' state, continued like Trotsky to think it economically "progressive" compared to crisis-ridden capitalism, and that it should be "defended" against imperialist attack.
	archive.workersliberty.org.uk /wlmags/wl57/draperintro.htm (1804 words)

	Workers' Liberty #57 - Introduction to Hal Draper on Bruno Rizzi. September 1999.
		He is still spoken of as either the originator or best representative, or both, of the view that the Stalinist USSR was a new socio-economic formation, not capitalist, not socialist, but "bureaucratic collectivist".
		In fact, though Trotsky had recoiled from it, that conclusion was plainly indicated in Trotsky's own formulation in his book, The Revolution Betrayed (1936) that in the USSR "the state owns the economy and the bureaucracy, so to speak, owns the state".
		But those - including, I suppose, Hal Draper - who rejected the idea that the USSR was any sort of workers' state, continued like Trotsky to think it economically "progressive" compared to crisis-ridden capitalism, and that it should be "defended" against imperialist attack.
	archive.workersliberty.org /wlmags/wl57/draperintro.htm (1804 words)

	American Communism: An Exchange - The New York Review of Books
		As one example of this approach, Draper concedes that "The organizers supplied by the CP were, no doubt, a great convenience for the CIO's early recruiting drives"— meaning, one might think, that the party had done something worthwhile.
		Since Draper was not a member of the CP in 1935 (nor, so far as I know, at any other time), and was by no means persona grata in its ranks, his testimony on what its 20,000 members were thinking is something less than convincing.
		Draper himself concedes that during the 1930s CP membership went from 7,000 to 75,000—and this at a time when other Marxist groups were either stagnating or (as with the Socialist Party) disintegrating.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/5632 (2535 words)

	Red Biography: Hal Draper
		Born to immigrant garment workers, Draper became involved in the socialist movement in 1932 during the Depression.
		The other half of Draper's IS fused with some other Trotskyist groups in 1986 to form Solidarity.
		Draper continued to write prolifically on revolutionary socialist theory until his death in 1990.
	reds.linefeed.org /bios/draper.html (264 words)

	Comments on Draper
		Hal Draper’s provocative essay is an important contribution to the discussion of socialist organization.
		While Draper’s critique of the ‘micro-sect’ model, which still dominates much of the revolutionary left’s organizational practice in North America, is on target, his analysis and alternative strategy for building a Marxist current in the working class suffers from a number of problems.
		Draper presents no analysis of the evolution of the workers' movement and its vanguard layers.
	www.marxsite.com /comments_on_hal_draper.htm (673 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This was a development Hal Draper Draper opposed although he went along with for lack of an alternative orientation.
		Hal Draper Marx and the Economic-Jew Stereotype Source: Hal Draper, Karl Marx s Theory of Revolution, Vol.1: State and Bureaucracy, Monthly Review, New York 1977, pp.591-608...
		Hal Draper was a socialist activist, Marxist, Left-Shachtmani te, and author.
	www.ineedagents.com /Hal/Hal-Draper.html (428 words)

	Enciclopedia - Hal Draper
		Hal Draper (1914 -1990) fue un activista socialista, marxista, Schachtmanita de Izquierda y autor.
		Con una pequeña cantidad de miembros, aunque su trabajo juvenil era pujante, la directiva del ISL alredeor de Shachtman decidieron que era tiempo de unir fuerzas con el partido socialista de los Estados Unidos (Socialist Party of the United States of America) y en 1958 se fusionaron con ellos.
		Pero en 1971 Draper renunció al IS debido a su preocupación de que el IS ya no ponía como centro de su análisis a la clase trabajadora.
	www.enciclopedia.com /es/h/ha/hal_draper.php (480 words)

	Two Souls of Socialism
		Hal Draper (1914-1990) was an American socialist activist, Marxist and author, perhaps best known for his role in the Berkeley, California Free Speech Movement.
		But in 1971 Draper quit the IS due to his concern that the group was no longer placing the working class at the center of its analysis.
		In 1981 Hal Draper founded the Center for Socialist History (http://csh.gn.apc.org), a nonprofit organization for research in the history and origins of the socialist movement.
	www.global-labour.org /two_souls_of_socialism.htm (12746 words)

	The Third Camp as History And a Living Legacy
		Hal Draper wrote that it was in this resistance to Trotsky and the SWP majority in the 1940 split that "[the] Third Camp was born and raised."
		Draper traced how in the aftermath of such interventions, with the liberal cover no longer required, not one of the progressive measures the liberal spoke so eloquently for during the conflict is ever implemented.
		Draper reminded Silone of his own 1939 interview with Clement Greenberg when he had spoken of the necessity of absolute political independence for socialists, even in the face of conflicts between bourgeois democracy and totalitarianism.
	www.wpunj.edu /~newpol/issue27/johnso27.htm (10829 words)

	Draper, Hal Political Philosophers Political Philosophy Political Science Social Sciences Science
		Draper, Hal Political Philosophers Political Philosophy Political Science Social Sciences Science
		- An essay by Hal Draper which was originally printed in the socialist student magazine Anvil (Winter 1960) and was subsequently expanded.
		Draper, a Marxist theorist, worked at Berkeley at the time and was a mentor to the radical students movement.
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Science/Social_Sciences/Political_Science/Political_Philosophy/Political_Philosophers/Draper,_Hal (167 words)

	Hal Draper: ABC of National Liberation Movements (Intro)
		Hal Draper: ABC of National Liberation Movements (Intro)
		This document – a political discussion guide – was written for the members of the Independent Socialist Club of Berkeley when the Vietnam War seemed to take a new turn, with the Tet offensive of 1968 launched by the National Liberation Front.
		The young socialists of the Club had heard many things about socialist policy in national liberation situations: the idea was to try to put it all together.
	www.ucc.ie /acad/socstud/tmp_store/mia_2/Library/archive/draper/works/1969/abc/index.htm (413 words)

	Hal Draper - Books
		Hal Draper made a wide-ranging claim for the political significanse of the WP-ISL within the revolutionary Marxist tradition".
		Hal Draper is not producing marxology, but scholarly marxism of the highest order...
		Hal Draper is one of the few 'over thirty' who were familiar with the events of the struggle from the very beginning, and who understood well enough to take the students seriously.
	www.tidsskriftcentret.dk /index.php?id=251 (1594 words)

	SONGS AND SATIRE - New York Times
		By the middle of the 19th century, when he was living in Paris in exile, Heine clearly was the most important serious German writer alive.
		Readers already familiar with Heine's poetry will be delighted with Hal Draper's excellent translation of all the poems, collected and uncollected, published and unpublished, restored from periodic censorship or bowdlerization.
		Draper's renditions, like the original poems, are metrical and rhymed, except, of course, when the German poems are free verse.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9801E7D81039F93BA3575BC0A964948260 (690 words)

	Amazon.ca: The "Dictatorship of the Proletariat": From Marx to Lenin: Books: Hal Draper (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The term 'dictatorship of the proletariat' is so obscured by its history of reversed meaning amid the semantic misfortunes it has suffered at the hands of all parties since its first limited usage by Marx and Engels, as to be a case study in semantic catastrophe.
		Hal Draper valiantly traces the way in which the early usages, in the generation of 1848, not at first counterposed to the term 'democracy, later become fatally misleading and are finally appropriated in the Leninist and final Stalinist versions.
		This actual history is so tricky that I would not contribute further to short clarifications perpetuating confusion by summarizing the book here, and one can only recommend reading the details, since short summaries and official corrections and clarifications trying to get the matter straight are themselves part of the confusion.
	www.amazon.ca /Dictatorship-Proletariat-Marx-Lenin/dp/0853457271 (395 words)

	Google Directory - Society > Politics > Socialism > Marxism > People > Draper, Hal
		A 1965 book by Hal Draper analysing the Free Speech Movement at Berkeley.
		An essay by Hal Draper which was originally printed in the socialist student magazine Anvil (Winter 1960) and was subsequently expanded.
		A critique of the theory of democratic centralism and the status that Lenin's "What is to be Done", is held in by many on the left, by Hal Draper.
	www.bush2004.com /directory/politics/Socialism/Marxism/People/Draper,_Hal (202 words)

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