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Topic: Halbach array

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	Halbach array - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Halbach array is a special arrangement of permanent magnets which augments the magnetic field on one side of the device while cancelling the field to near zero on the other side.
		The effect was discovered by Mallinson in 1973, and these 'one-sided flux' structures were initially described by him as a 'curiosity', although he recognised at the time the potential for significant improvements in magnetic tape technology[1].
		Halbach arrays can be rolled into a cylindrical shape, known as a Halbach cylinder.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Halbach_array (866 words)

	Laminated track design for inductrack maglev systems - Patent 6758146
		Halbach arrays, invented by Klaus Halbach in the 1980s for use in particle accelerators, represent a maximally efficient way to arrange permanent-magnet material when it is desired to produce a strong periodic magnetic field adjacent to the array.
		In Inductrack II adjustment of this ratio is accomplished by (i) adjusting the relative gap spacing between the arrays and the track circuits, (ii) or by varying the width of the upper array relative to the lower array and (iii) or by varying the thickness of the lower array relative to the upper array.
		Note the two outer poles 14, 16 of array 10 and 18, 20 of array 12 are pointed towards the midplane between the arrays and the center pole 20 of array 10 and 22 of array 12 are pointed away from the midplane.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6758146.html (5951 words)

	Halbach cylinder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Halbach cylinder is a magnetized cylinder composed of ferromagnetic material producing (in the idealised case) a magnetic field confined entirely within the cylinder with zero field outside.
		This is the simplest form of the Halbach cylinder, and it can be seen that if the ratio of outer to inner radii is greater than e the flux inside the bore actually exceeds the remanence of the magnetic material used to create the cylinder.
		If the two dimensional magnetic distribution pattern of the Halbach cylinder is extended to three dimensions, the result is the Halbach sphere.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Halbach_cylinder (1000 words)

	Robotic apparatuses, systems and methods - Patent 6792335
		a Halbach magnet array attached to the frame, wherein the magnet array holds the wheel in substantially constant contact with the ferromagnetic surface and wherein the Halbach array is configured in use to be spaced from the ferromagnetic surface.
		The Halbach array 220 is used for the magnets 40 of the device 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
		In one embodiment, the x dimension of the array 220 is 6.75 in., the y dimension of the array 220 is 2 in., and the z dimension of the array 220 is 8.5 in.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6792335.html (4599 words)

	Sci Amer page 02
		When the Inductrack's train cars move forward, the magnets in the Halbach arrays induce currents in the track's coils, which in turn generate an electromagnetic field that repels the arrays.
		The Inductrack's combination of Halbach arrays and closely packed track coils, however, results in levitation forces approaching the theoretical maximum force per unit area that can be exerted by permanent magnets.
		In the Inductrack the role of the "flanges" is played by the small side-mounted Halbach arrays, whereas the role of the "wheel" is fulfilled by the main levitating arrays.
	www.skytran.net /press/sciam02.htm (650 words)

	Klaus Halbach, Revered Expert on Magnet and Accelerator Design, Dies
		Klaus Halbach, a Berkeley Lab physicist with the Engineering Division, whose design and development of periodic permanent magnetic structures called "insertion devices" opened the doors for the Advanced Light Source and subsequent third-generation synchrotron radiation facilities, died on May 11 at his home in Berkeley following a long battle with prostate cancer.
		Halbach went on to become one of the world's premier designers and developers of permanent magnets for use as insertion devices -- wigglers and undulators -- in synchrotron light sources and free electron lasers.
		Halbach is survived by his wife of 55 years, Ruth, daughter Terry, and three grandchildren.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/klaus-halbach.html (648 words)

	Gaussboys Super Magnets :: Halbach Arrays
		That is your first indication of what a halbach array actually is. The array is nothing more than 5 identical magnets strategically positioned to create a one sided super magnet.
		The halbach array with magnetic viewing film is a fun and simple demonstration of the downright odd nature of magnets.
		Since the readings on the non-halbach array show that there is about a loss of about 1500 gauss in the 1mm air-gap, I am going to assume that a measurement on the surface of the augmented side of my halbach array will measure 1500 gauss more.
	www.gaussboys.com /pages.php?pageid=6 (699 words)

	Magtube: Magnetic Levitation
		A typical array of this type and its magnetic field are shown in the figure to the left.
		The polarities of individual magnets in the array are arranged such that the fields reinforce each other on the “active” face, producing a very strong magnetic field, and largely cancel each other on the “inactive” face, leaving almost no field at all.
		The vehicle array is much larger in cross section than the track array to provide sufficient lift force while minimizing track costs.
	www.magtube.com /index.php/technology/magnetic_levitation (410 words)

	Magnetic Levitation Train 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The basis of the Inductrack method is the use of Halbach arrays.
		The Halbach array is a special formation of magnets used to direct each individual magnet’s field to create a strong quasi-uni-pole magnetic field.
		This allows for slight manipulation of the statndard Halbach array formation to achieve the optimum wavelength and magnet size for a desired levitation height and weight shown in figure 13.
	cegt201.bradley.edu /projects/proj2004/maglevt1/halbach.html (342 words)

	Magnetic Levitation Train 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Halbach array is a special formation of magnets used to guide the magnetic fields to create a strong sinusoidal magnetic field below the array while nearly cancelling the magnetic fields above the array.
		A standard, simple method to create a Halbach array is to place magnets oriented 90 degrees to each other.
		Figure 1 illustrates a five magnet Halbach array with a wavelenght of four magnets.
	cegt201.bradley.edu /projects/proj2004/maglevt1/halbachbe.html (110 words)

	Ian's Magnetics: Halbach Arrays
		Halbach Arrays are a very interesting arrangement of magnets.
		The reason the shape is slightly diffrent than above is the Halbach array is closer to the surface this time.
		The Halbach array is under the plastic dish.
	www.ian.org /Magnetics/Halbach_Arrays.html (498 words)

	Magnetically levitated train takes flight
		In the 1980s, the late Klaus Halbach, a physicist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, invented the Halbach array to focus accelerator particle beams.
		In this array, permanent magnets are configured so that the field intensity is concentrated below the array but canceled above it.
		Inductrack II, which uses a dual Halbach array straddling the track, nearly doubles the levitating magnetic field.
	www.eurekalert.org /features/doe/2004-11/ddoe-mlt111104.php (1250 words)

	the Otherpower.com Discussion Board \|\| increasing generator output
		Halbach array increases the field density across the airgap.
		also halbach array can be used without a iron backing plate as the array keeps the field on one side of the magnets (well still get a little bit goes out the back, but not much)
		I was under the impression that the halbach array was something complex (discovered by Klaus Halbach who worked(s?) on particle accelerators.
	www.fieldlines.com /story/2005/8/27/17574/1844 (444 words)

	Today at Berkeley Lab:train jump.html
		The magnets, made in long bars, are mounted in special arrays in the undercarriage of each car.
		The array was invented by Klaus Halbach of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
		As the car moves forward, the magnetic field generated by the Halbach array induces an electric current to flow in copper cable embedded in the track in ladder-like rungs.
	www.lbl.gov /today/2004/Aug/17-Tue/train-jump.html (1199 words)

	Scitoys Message Board: Halback array cube
		What I mean by a Halback cube is that it multiplies the strenth of the magnets in all three dimention (Not just stacked halbach arrays).
		The only kind of halbach arrays I've seen is a row of magnets and a ring of magnets.
		I thaught of the same thing because I have a background in 3D but I came to the conclusion that magnatism is one dimensional and there is only one axis of influence and as far as I can tell, the halbach principle would only be significant in one row.
	www.scitoys.com /board/messages/9/293.html?1091817880 (212 words)

	Submitted To
		The Halbach array uses permanent magnets oriented specifically as to create a periodic magnetic field at the bottom surface of the array, while effectively canceling out the magnetic field on the top surface of the array.
		is the peak value of the magnetic field at the lower surface of the Halbach array, y is the distance from that surface to the upper surface of the coil array in meters, and
		The Halbach arrays would be arranged as shown in the figure in Appendix E to provide levitation and guidance.
	www.pages.drexel.edu /~jdk42/Proposal_Report.htm (7049 words)

	[No title]
		Due to timing constraints in the shipping of the set of large permanent magnets required for a full 1 Tesla detector, a smaller detector will be created first to test design methodologies and also as a demonstration of the soundness of the design in the event of further difficulties acquiring the second set of magnets.
		As a reference, the small detector has been named “Little Boy,” while the larger detector will be called “Fat Man.” Both detectors will feature a type of Halbach array arrangement, and will be designed in parallel with a matching RF coil and impedance matching circuit.
		Each array will be equipped with 10 mil 1008/12 steel corrector plates in the bore to fine tune the field, and the individual magnets in “Fat Man” will be able to rotate somewhat in their mounting so that a maximally homogenous field can be obtained.
	courses.ece.uiuc.edu /ece445/projects/spring2005/project1_proposal.doc (1001 words)

	Build a Halbach Magnet Array
		Maglev trains, motors and generators using circular Halbach arrays have already been patented--the advantages include minimized drag from eddy current effects (drag decreases as speed increases), reduced power consumption (no giant electromagnets needed), reduced exposure of train passengers to high magnetic fields, and other things that we haven't even begin to explore yet.
		First, mark the polarity of each magnet of the array by testing it against another magnet.
		Halbach arrays can also be constructed in a circular arrangement.
	www.otherpower.com /danf/halbach.html (552 words)

	Maglev Wind Power Generator at After Gutenberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Instead of single permanent magnets, magnetic levitation uses Halbach arrays.
		I would guess that the permanent magnet system they are using is simliar to the one developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories in the mid-90’s (which was pretty neat because it incorporated a method called a Halbach Array to maximize the downward flux lines and increase magnetic repulsive forces).
		The theoretical limit of efficiency in a Halbach array increases as the polarity angle in decreased; this requires a large array size, so instead of the minimum of 5 magnets for a simple Halbach array you have to increase to something on the order of 11 or 13 magnets for the 99.99 efficiency percentile.
	jcwinnie.biz /wordpress/?p=1707 (750 words)

	array class Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The System.Array type is the abstract base type of all array types...
		The new instruction cannot be used to.....class name representing the type array of class..Thread.. Thread[] is.. [Ljava.....one...
		A Java Array Package Version 0.2 (November 3, 1998) Documentation Example Source [ Unix tar file, 389Kb ] [ Unix gzipped tar file, 35Kb ] [ PC WinZip file, 66Kb ] This proposal and reference...
	www.techrectory.com /4/directory/array-class.html (223 words)

	diyAudio Forums - Halbach array for true ribbon tweeter.
		An Halbach array is a pattern of arranged magnets such that on one side the field strength is augmented, and on the other it is negated.
		I believe the field on a halbach array flips from positive to negative every two or three magnets.
		If it could be used, it would mean that no pole pieces would be necessary, which would be super cool.
	www.diyaudio.com /forums/showthread.php?postid=633460 (376 words)

	Abstract: M2000-060 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The design, manufacture and performance of a novel ironless linear Halbach array actuator is discussed which has been designed for demanding textile applications where electronic reconfiguration is essential and accelerations in the order of 100g are required.
		The actuator comprises of a low mass (12 grams) moving permanent magnet array and a stationary air-cored solenoid winding.
		The Halbach array of permanent magnets has been bonded together using high strength Kevlar fibre reinforced resin composite.
	www.me.gatech.edu /charles.ume/mechatronics/Abstracts/060.htm (231 words)

	Mini Halbach BL outrunner success - RC Groups
		I measured the same motor without the Halbach specific additional magnets an max efficiency went up from 45 % to 58 % while weight only increasing by 1,1 g.
		That sounded like a very interesting concept, but I never did see any drawings or pics of exactly how the array is made.
		Lots of patents can be found simply with "halbach" as keyword.
	www.rcgroups.com /forums/showthread.php?t=238298 (472 words)

	Halbach Array
		The late Klaus Halbach of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory discovered an interesting permanent magnet configuration that concentrates magnetic flux on one side of the array and cancels it on the other.
		This device was not possible before the Halbach array was discovered.
		Our source for all the cool Halbach Array flux diagrams on this page.
	www.matchrockets.com /ether/halbach.html (805 words)

	Hallback Array Closed Loop Coil
		I performed an advanced search on the entire site and was surprised to find not a mention in regards to Halbach Array.
		I understand that aluminum is an option but copper would be the best material to use.
		The Halbach array induces a current which in turn creates an apposing magnetic field.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=123189 (429 words)

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