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	Haldan Keffer Hartline at AllExperts
		Haldan Keffer Hartline (December 22, 1903 – March 17, 1983) was an American physiologist who was a cowinner (with George Wald and Ragnar Granit) of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in analyzing the neurophysiological mechanisms of vision.
		Hartline joined the staff of Rockefeller University, New York City, in 1953 as professor of neurophysiology.
		Hartline thus built up a detailed understanding of the workings of individual photoreceptors and nerve fibres in the retina, and he showed how simple retinal mechanisms constitute vital steps in the integration of visual information.
	en.allexperts.com /e/h/ha/haldan_keffer_hartline.htm (350 words)

	Haldan Keffer Hartline - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Haldan Keffer Hartline ( December 22, 1903 - March 17, 1983) was an American physiologist who was a cowinner (with George Wald and Ragnar Granit) of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in analyzing the neurophysiological mechanisms of vision.
		Hartline investigated the electrical responses of the retinas of certain arthropods, vertebrates, and mollusks because their visual systems are much simpler than those of humans and are thus easier to study.
		Hartline thus built up a detailed understanding of the workings of individual photoreceptors and nerve fibres in the retina, and he showed how simple retinal mechanisms constitute vital steps in the integration of visual information.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline (321 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hartline began his study of retinal electrophysiology as a National Research Council Fellow at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, receiving his M.D. in 1927.
		Hartline investigated the electrical responses of the retinas of certain arthropods, vertebrates, and mollusks because their visual systems are much simpler than those of humans and are thus easier to study.
		He found that the photoreceptor cells in the eye are interconnected in such a way that when one is stimulated, others nearby are depressed, thus enhancing the contrast in light patterns and sharpening the perception of shapes.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Haldan_Keffer_Hartline (339 words)

	Haldan Keffer Hartline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Haldan Keffer Hartline ( December 22, 1903 - March 17, 1983) wasan American physiologist who was a cowinner (with George Wald and Ragnar Granit) of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in analyzing theneurophysiological mechanisms of vision.
		Hartline investigated the electrical responses of the retinas of certain arthropods, vertebrates, and mollusks because theirvisual systems are much simpler than those of humans and are thus easier to study.
		Hartline thus built up a detailed understandingof the workings of individual photoreceptors and nerve fibres in the retina, and he showed how simple retinal mechanismsconstitute vital steps in the integration of visual information.
	www.therfcc.org /haldan-keffer-hartline-59804.html (267 words)

	NASA Neurolab Web: Mission Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Haldan Keffer Hartline (1903-1983), American biophysicist, first determined the mechanics of how the nerves of the visual system receive information and transfer it to the brain.
		Hartline worked with horseshoe crabs and frogs to investigate the mechanisms of vision.
		His discoveries convinced researchers that the retina (the innermost layer of the eye that is light sensitive) and optic nerves themselves process many nerve signals before the signals are transmitted to the brain.
	neurolab.jsc.nasa.gov /hartline.htm (124 words)

	Haldan Keffer Hartline Biography \| World of Health
		Haldan Keffer Hartline was born on December 22, 1903, in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, to Daniel Schollenberger Hartline and Harriet Franklin Hartline.
		Hartline moved into another field of vision in 1938, when he began to study the vertebrate eye, using microdissection techniques to record the activity of individual fibers in the optic nerve of frogs.
		Hartline continued his teaching and research at the University of Pennsylvania, becoming professor of biophysics and chair of the department at Johns Hopkins in 1949.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/haldan-keffer-hartline-woh (988 words)

	Haldan K. Hartline - Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Haldan Keffer Hartline was born in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, on December 22nd, 1903.
		Hartline was joined there, in 1954, by Floyd Ratliff and they have continued to the present time collaboration in their joint laboratory on the study of receptor properties and inhibitory interaction in the eye of Limulus, and on related aspects of visual physiology.
		Hartline was awarded the William H. Howell Award (Physiology) in 1927; the Howard Crosby Warren Medal (Society of Experimental Psychologists) in 1948; an Sc.
	www.nobel.se /medicine/laureates/1967/hartline-bio.html (863 words)

	zhongguosj_right.jpg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hartline was joined there, in 1954, by Floyd Ratliff and they have continued to the present time collaboration in their joint laboratory on the study of receptor properties and inhibitory interaction in the eye of Limulus, and on related aspects of visual physiology.
		Hartline was awarded the William H. Howell Award (Physiology) in 1927; the Howard Crosby Warren Medal (Society of Experimental Psychologists) in 1948; an Sc.
		Daniel Keffer and Peter Haldan have positions in neurophysiology in the University of California at San Diego; Frederick Flanders is still engaged in graduate studies in the biological sciences.
	www.csbmb.org.cn /xuehuilh/zhongguosj/kexuekp/kexuej/t20010124_7410.htm (1995 words)

	Hartline3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Haldan Keffer Hartline was born December 22, 1903, the only son of Daniel Schollenberger and Harriet Franklin Keffer Hartline, at Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania.
		Keffer was a much educated individual with a long list of credits, among which are an M. at Johns Hopkins, 1927, and Doctor of Science, Layfayette College 1959.
		Hartline, who was born in 1903, in Bloomsburg, PA, served at the University of Pennsylvania center from 1931 to 1949, with a one-year interruption (1940-41) as physiology professor at the Cornell Medical College,
	www.homestead.com /hartlines/Hartline.html (6214 words)

	Hartline, Haldan Keffer - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Hartline, Haldan Keffer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hartline measured electrical activity in the eye and determined that a decrease in the neurotransmitter (chemical messenger) signals to the brain that the eye has been stimulated by light.
		Hartline's first work was to measure the electrical activity generated by light in the retina of the vertebrate eye.
		Hartline's research resulted in the ‘generator potential’ theory in which slow, non-propagated voltage variation develops in the receptor cell.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Hartline,%20Haldan%20Keffer (378 words)

	Haldan Keffer Hartline -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hartline began his study of retinal electrophysiology as a National Research Council Fellow at (Click link for more info and facts about Johns Hopkins University) Johns Hopkins University, (The largest city in Maryland; a major seaport and industrial center) Baltimore, receiving his M.D. in 1927.
		He concentrated his studies on the eye of the (Large marine arthropod of the Atlantic coast of North America having a domed carapace that is shaped like a horseshoe and a stiff pointed tail; a living fossil related to the wood louse) horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus).
		He found that the (Click link for more info and facts about photoreceptor cell) photoreceptor cell s in the eye are interconnected in such a way that when one is stimulated, others nearby are depressed, thus enhancing the contrast in light patterns and sharpening the perception of shapes.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/H/Ha/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline.htm (263 words)

	Encyclopedia: Haldan Keffer Hartline
		After attending the universities of Leipzig and Munich as an Eldridge Johnson traveling research scholar, he became professor of biophysics and chairman of the department at Johns Hopkins in 1949.
		He joined the staff of Rockefeller University, New York City, in 1953 as professor of neurophysiology.
		He found that the receptor cells in the eye are interconnected in such a way that when one is stimulated, others nearby are depressed, thus enhancing the contrast in light patterns and sharpening the perception of shapes.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Haldan-Keffer-Hartline (323 words)

	Haldan Keffer Hartline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		HALDAN Corp Used Restaurant Equipment, used bakery and butcher's equipment, used grocery equipment.
		Chin Vet Dr. Keffer is a small animal veterinarian and hobby breeder.
		Keffer Dodge Dodge dealer, provides quotes, and inventory in stock.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Haldan_Keffer_Hartline.html (428 words)

	Haldan Keffer Hartline Summary
		Haldan Keffer Hartline was a renowned physiologist who spent almost half a century investigating the process of vision.
		Hartline was born in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, to Daniel Schollenberger Hartline and Harriet Franklin Hartline.
		Hartline was the first to determine the mechanics of how the visual system nerves receive information and transfer it to the brain.
	www.bookrags.com /Haldan_Keffer_Hartline (2495 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Biographical Memoirs V.59 (1990) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hartline's four major accomplishments were all "firsts" in their respective fields: With Clarence H. Graham he re- corded the activity of single optic nerve fibers.
		HALDAN KEFFER HARTLINE 201 The Rockefeller University, Hartline was appointed profes- sor ant!
		MacNichol, Wagner, and Hartline further observed that the rate of discharge of impulses was approximately linear with depolarization of the cell whether incluced by light or by current passed through the electrode—and that sponta- neous activity was suppressed by hyperpolarizing current.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309041988/html/196.html (4132 words)

	Webvision: Ganglion cell Physiology
		Hartline concluded that ganglion cell receptive fields were fixed in space and immobile, typically did not extend beyond 1 mm in diameter, and were graded in sensitivity over this region.
		Hartline, H. (1938) The response of single optic nerve fibers of the vertebrate eye to illumination of the retina.
		Hartline H. (1940b) The effects of spatial summation in the retina on the excitation of the fibers of the optic nerve.
	webvision.med.utah.edu /GCPHYS1.HTM (14339 words)

	NAP Skim View of:
		Hartline's four major accomplishments were all "firsts" in their respective fields: With Clarence H Graham he recorded the activity of single optic nerve fibers.
		With his exquisite microctissection technique, Hartline was able to isolate single optic nerve fibers of the vertebrate retina and, for the first time, record their activity.
		Although these equations were strongly nonlinear overall, they were, as Hartline put it, "mercifully, piece-wise linear, to a good approximation." These so-called "Hartline-Ratliff equations" actually based upon, and testable by, direct electrophysiological measurements provided the first mathematical description of the integrative activity of a real neural network.
	www.nap.edu /nap-cgi/skimit.cgi?isbn=0309041988&chap=196-213 (681 words)

	Vision in Limulus
		One of the scientists who took advantage of this remarkable animal was H. Keffer Hartline.
		Hartline found that if one ommatidia is receiving bright light and a neighbor is receiving dim light, the first ommatidia will inhibit the signal from it's neighbor.
		Hartline., H.K., Wagner, H.G., Ratcliff, Floyd, Inhibition in the Eye of Limulus, Journal of General Physiology, 1956, 39:5 pp.651-673
	www.mbl.edu /animals/Limulus/vision/hartline.html (501 words)

	Retina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In embryonal development, the retina and the optic nerve originate as outgrowths of the brain.
		George Wald, Haldan Keffer Hartline and Ragnar Granit won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their scientific research on the retina.
		The unique structure of the blood vessels in the retina have been used for biometric identification.
	www.gogoglo.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/r/re/retina.html (1733 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ragnar Granit
		Ragnar Arthur Granit ( October 30, 1900, Helsinki, Finland - March 12, 1991, Stockholm, Sweden) was a Finnish -born Swedish scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1967, along with Haldan Keffer Hartline and George Wald.
		He was a 1927 graduate of the University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine.
		Haldan Keffer Hartline (December 22, 1903 - March 17, 1983) was an American physiologist who was a cowinner (with George Wald and Ragnar Granit) of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in analyzing the neurophysiological mechanisms of vision.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ragnar-Granit (358 words)

	Geometry.Net - Nobel: Hartline Haldan Keffer
		In 1936 haldan keffer hartline married Elizabeth Kraus, daughter of the eminentchemist CA Kraus.
		Extractions : Haldan Keffer Hartline was born in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, on December 22nd, 1903.
		haldan keffer hartline MD 1927; Professor of Biophysics,194954 nobel Prize in Medicine, 1967.
	www.geometry.net /nobel/hartline_haldan_keffer.php (1355 words)

	Retina - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In embryonal development, the retina and the optic nerve originate as outgrowths of the brain.
		George Wald, Haldan Keffer Hartline and Ragnar Granit won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their scientific research on the retina.
		The unique structure of the blood vessels in the retina have been used for biometric identification.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Retina (1867 words)

	Haldan Keffer Hartline Biography \| World of Scientific Discovery
		From the early days of his career, Hartline was fascinated by the metabolism of nerve cells, and he eventually focused his attention on the workings of individual cells in the retina of the eye.
		Hartline demonstrated that visual information begins to be differentiated in the retina and in the receptors themselves, as soon as the stimulation occurs, before the information can be conducted more deeply into the central nervous system.
		For his work on electrical activity on the cellular level within the eye, Hartline shared the 1967 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine with the American biologist George Wald and the Swedish neurophysiologist Ragnar Granit.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/haldan-keffer-hartline-wsd (1004 words)

	Hartline, Haldan Keffer -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Finnish-born Swedish physiologist who was a corecipient (with George Wald and Haldan Hartline) of the 1967 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his analysis of the internal electrical changes...
		April 12, 1997, Cambridge, Mass.), was a co-winner, with Haldan K. Hartline of the U.S. and Ragnar Granit of Sweden, of the...
		Finnish-born Swedish physiologist Ragnar Granit was a corecipient (with George Wald and Haldan Hartline) of the 1967 Nobel prize for physiology or medicine.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9039399 (487 words)

	Haldan K. Hartline - Biography
		Haldan Keffer Hartline was born in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, on December 22nd, 1903.
		Einthoven string galvanometer with which Hartline undertook the study of the retinal action potential using frogs, decerebrate cats and rabbits.
		Heisenberg's seminar group in the University of Leipzig and two semesters attending lectures by A. Somerfeld at the University of Munich.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1967/hartline-bio.html (852 words)

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