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	halford john mackinder - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Sir Halford John Mackinder PC (February 15 1861 - March 6 1947), was an English geographer.
		Although Mackinder was anti-Bolshevik (as British High Commissioner he tried to unite the White Russian forces), the principal concern of his work was to warn of the possibility of another major war (a warning also given by economist John Maynard Keynes).
		Mackinder was given a personal chair at the University of London in 1923.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Halford-John-Mackinder (597 words)

	Test Area: Halford Mackinder
		Halford John Mackinder was born on 15 February 1861 at Gainsborough, a small port and market town at the river Trent in England.
		Mackinder always pushed for the founding of a geographical institute in London arguing that there has to be a central place for lectures which are devoted to geography.
		From 1913 to 1946 Halford Mackinder was chairman, and in 1916 he was elected President of the Geographical Association.
	wwwstage.valpo.edu /geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html (2062 words)

	Geographical: Sir Halford Mackinder (1861-1947): an author, politician and explorer, Halford Mackinder helped to put ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Halford John Mackinder was born in the market town of Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, on 15 February 1861.
		Mackinder's background was conducive to learning; his father, Draper, was a doctor, and while the family were by no means well off, they spent much of their income on the children's education.
		Having had the benefit of a French governess, Mackinder was at ease with the French language by the age of nine.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:121572048&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (220 words)

	Guru Profile
		All this new perspective was development after read some about Sir Halford Mackinder (1861-1947) who propounded the view of Eurasia as the geographical pivot and “heartland” of history.
		I choose Mackinder as my ideal Geographer not only because he outlined his ideas of a "New Geography", and also his theories about heartland are the extension of the theater of operations in Europe nowadays.
		Halford John Mackinder was born on 15 February 1861 at Gainsborough.
	geog.tamu.edu /~ariasc/guru.htm (486 words)

	The Chief Motive of the Balkans War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mackinder especially focused on East Europe for strategic control of what he called "The Heartland" and on the Heartland (including much of the territory of the Slavic nations) for domination of the "World Island" (Europe, the Near East, Asia, and Africa).
		Mackinder's book was translated into German shortly after its first publication in 1919, because in it he acknowledges the desire of what was then an independent Germany to unite German-speaking peoples of East Europe.
		Mackinder was subsequently blamed for the Lebensraum strategy of the Third Reich, which actually was founded on the work of German master political geographer Gen. Karl Haushofer, who of course had read Mackinder.
	www.artel.co.yu /en/reakcije_citalaca/2002-08-27.html (1194 words)

	Mackinder, Sir Halford John on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The theory received little attention in Great Britain and the United States before World War II, but the idea of the heartland as a natural seat of power was adopted in Germany, notably by Karl Haushofer, and was used to support Nazi geopolitics.
		Revisiting the 'pivot': the influence of Halford Mackinder on analysis of Uzbekistan's international relations.
		Halford Mackinder and the 'geographical pivot of history': a centennial retrospective.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/M/Mackinde.asp (382 words)

	Mackinder, Sir Halford John -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Mackinder was the son of a physician of Scottish…
		English astronomer John Frederick William Herschel was born in Slough, Buckinghamshire, on March 7, 1792.
		John Herschel discovered 525 star clusters and nebulae not recorded by his father, and he made the first telescopic survey of the southern heavens.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9049795?tocId=9049795 (800 words)

	Sempa \| Mackinder’s World
		Mackinder was appointed a lecturer in natural science and economic history in 1886 and that same year joined the Royal Geographical Society.
		Mackinder’s avowed purposes in writing the “pivot” paper were to establish “a correlation between the larger geographical and the larger historical generalizations,” to provide “a formula which shall express certain aspects… of geographical causation in universal history,” and to set “into perspective some of the competing forces in current international politics.”
		Mackinder noted that between the fifth and sixteenth centuries, a “succession of … nomadic peoples” (Huns, Avars, Bulgarians, Magyars, Khazars, Patzinaks, Cumans, Mongols and Kalmuks) emerged from Central Asia to conquer or threaten the states and peoples located in the “marginal crescent” (Europe, the Middle East, southwest Asia, China, southeast Asia, Korea and Japan).
	www.unc.edu /depts/diplomat/AD_Issues/sempa_mackinder.html (1501 words)

	Heartland Geopolitics: The Case of Uzbekistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mackinder believed that a collection of independent but integrated states, anchored in the north by Poland, could provide security, if not deterrence, against Germany.
		Mackinder thought that the mid-Atlantic should be "pledged together" with Russia in case "any breach of the peace is threatened," anticipating NATO and its expansion eastward, along with the EU.
		It can be an economically integrated and stable buffer zone of independent states, where friction among regional powers accordingly dissipates (as Mackinder might suggest); or it will be a place where tension builds among competing states and surrounding powers even as the region's jobless youth are recruited and retained by terrorists.
	www.globalengage.org /issues/2004/01/heartland.htm (959 words)

	[No title]
		Mackinder's avowed purposes in writing the "pivot" paper were to establish "a correlation between the larger geographical and the larger historical generalizations," to provide "a formula which shall express certain aspects.
		The Heartland, in essence, wrote Mackinder, was equivalent to the territory of the Soviet Union, minus the land east of the Yenisei River.
		Mackinder, still provide important insights into international political processes." HYPERLINK "http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/ad/ad_v5_1/sef01.html" \l "note26" 26 Henry Kissinger in his book, Diplomacy (1994), concludes with a warning that "Russia, regardless of who governs it, sits astride territory Halford Mackinder called the geopolitical heartland.
	ic.ucsc.edu /~rlipsch/Pol177/Sempa.doc (3300 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Mackinder Sir Halford John
		Mackinder, Sir Halford John (1861-1947), British geographer, civil servant, Member of Parliament, and privy counsellor, often described as the...
		The British geographer Sir Halford Mackinder was also heavily influenced by the concept of the region and by environmental determinism.
		Many scholars have looked to geopolitics for a deeper understanding of the fundamental structure of power relations between states.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Mackinder_Sir_Halford_John.html (101 words)

	HTML Translation of SGML/EAD Document by Tim Green (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mackinder was educated at Gainsborough Grammar School, Epsom College and Christ Church, Oxford.
		From 1900-1925 Mackinder was Reader and afterwards Professor of Geography at the University of London.
		Mackinder was President of the Geographical Section, British Association in 1895 and 1931.
	library-2.lse.ac.uk /archives/handlists/MacKinder/m.html (245 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mackinder was the son of a physician of Scottish descent.
		Mackinder observed that the majority of the world's population resided on the HYPERLINK "http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?idxref=262543" Eurasian and African landmass and that control of this “world island” would lead to eventual world domination.
		Mackinder, however, writing some decades before the development of intercontinental ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads, believed that air power did not diminish the significance of the heartland. geopolitics the analysis of geographic influences on power relationships in international politics.
	www.sis.pku.edu.cn /upteachfile/teach200492914395.doc (1378 words)

	BrothersJudd Blog: BUT NOT THE HEART OF OUR LAND (via Kevin Whited):
		The so-called “heartland” theory was first advanced in January 1904 lecture delivered by Sir Halford Mackinder, then the director of the London School of Economics and one of the most prominent British geographers of the era.
		To Mackinder, world history was essentially the story of an eternal struggle between what he called the “seaman” and the “landman.” The emergence of railroads, he argued, allowed land powers to be almost as mobile as naval powers.
		Mackinder, in an essay published in the journal Foreign Affairs in 1943, raised the possibility that the West and Russia could one day develop into genuine partners.
	www.brothersjudd.com /blog/archives/010844.html (893 words)

	MacKinder Family Crest
		In continental Europe, the most ancient recorded family crest was discovered upon the monumental effigy of a Count of Wasserburg in the church of St. Emeran, at Ratisobon, Germany...
		In the MacKinder coat of arms as in all coat of arms the crest is only one element of the full armorial achievement.
		Heraldry is defined as the hereditary art or science of blazoning, the description is appropriate technical terms of Coats-of-Arms and other heraldic and armorial insignia, and is of very ancient origin...
	www.houseofnames.com /xq/asp.fc/qx/mackinder-family-crest.htm (431 words)

	History News Network
		In 1904, geographer Sir Halford John Mackinder unveiled his famous thesis entitled the "Geographical Pivot of History," in which he argued there existed a pivotal area "in the closed heart-land of Euro-Asia" that was isolated from sea power, and thus immune from the influences of oceanic states.
		Mackinder envisioned a struggle between Germany and Russia for the "heartland," essentially dismissing the effects of sea power, which already had been touted by the famous American theorist Alfred Thayer Mahan, whose work, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890) influenced and altered the thinking in several nations about the role of "blue-water" navies.
		The U.S./coalition victory in Iraq is forcing a re-evaluation of both concepts in light of a dramatic reordering of the Muslo-Arab world and the "heartland," the potential of which is nothing short of breathtaking.
	hnn.us /articles/printfriendly/1401.html (1466 words)

	MacKinder Coat of Arms
		An ancient Scottish people known as the Picts were the forefathers of the MacKinder family.
		MacKinder is a name for a pilgrim from the Gaelic word deoradh.
		This practice, which often included paying homage to the Clan Chief at important events was effective in building respect, devotion and familiarity between different families within the same clan.
	www.houseofnames.com /xq/asp.c/qx/mackinder-coat-arms.htm (956 words)

	Halford John Mackinder - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Halford John Mackinder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Halford John Mackinder - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Halford John Mackinder.
		Here you will find more informations about Halford John Mackinder.
		The orginal Halford John Mackinder article can be editet
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Halford-John-Mackinder.html (498 words)

	USATODAY.com - 'Heartland' strategy in Iraq: Right idea, if done the right way (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Even so, such opinion could be taken as a left-handed compliment for a nation that has done rather well in defending itself and its allies in the previous century, and now, at the beginning of the 21st century.
		In 1904, British geographer Mackinder placed his finger on Eastern Europe and declared that to be the "pivot area" or "heartland" of Europe.
		If Mackinder's theory is correct, our mere presence there will have a major impact on how we fight, and whether we succeed, in the ongoing war on terrorism.
	www.usatoday.com /news/opinion/editorials/2004-06-29-opcom_x.htm (825 words)

	E-Notes: Heartland Geopolitics and the Case of Uzbekistan - FPRI
		Although Mackinder changed the heartland boundaries according to the strategic context of the times—he applied his formula in 1904, 1919, and 1943—its core element always included Central Asia (Afghanistan, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan), western Siberia, and the northern portions of Iran and Pakistan.
		Those forces are comprised of various powerful family clans who generally hold one of two perspectives on the world: reactionaries who only want to stay in power (and for years prevented currency convertibility); or progressives who want Uzbekistan to compete in a global economy and contribute to a global civilization.
		Both perspectives have a common plank: they, as Mackinder would condone, see an engaged America as a means to balance Russia and China.
	www.fpri.org /enotes/20040125.asia.seiple.mackinderuzbekistan.html (1868 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - MacKinder Sir Halford John
		Ross, Sir John (1777-1856), British explorer of the Arctic, who led expeditions in 1818 and 1829 in search of the Northwest Passage.
		Oldcastle, Sir John (1377?-1417), titled Baron Cobham after his marriage to Lady Joan Cobham in 1409, English leader of the Lollards (a dissident...
		Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers--quickly search thousands of articles from magazines such as Time, Newsweek, The Atlantic Monthly, and Smithsonian.
	encarta.msn.com /MacKinder_Sir_Halford_John.html (133 words)

	Epsom College Remembrance Book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mackinder is considered to be the founder of modern geography, was a Director of the London School of Economics and Political Science, a Member of Parliament and the British High Commissioner in South Russia during the Russian Civil War.
		As one of the greatest social historians in the country, and grandfather of Epsomian pupil Timothy Wheeler, Lord Asa Briggs laid the school's Millennium Time Capsule in the slate-floored foyer of the Mackinder Building.
		Nicholas Witchell, BBC News Correspondent, who was a pupil at the school, officially opened the John Propert Seminar Room, named after the founder of Epsom College.
	www.epsomcollege.org.uk /oldsite/News/archive/founders_day.htm (306 words)

	Sempa \| Mackinder’s World
		The details of Mackinder’s education and teaching positions are found in Parker, Mackinder, and Blouet, Mackinder: A Biography.
		Halford J. Mackinder, Britain and the British Seas (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1969; originally published 1902 by D. Appleton and Co.), pp.
		Sir Halford John Mackinder, Democratic Ideals and Reality: A Study in the Politics of Reconstruction (London, Constable and Co. Ltd., 1919).
	www.unc.edu /depts/diplomat/AD_Issues/sempa_mac_bib.html (870 words)

	Economic geography of the United Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Halford John Mackinder, Britain and the British Seas, 1904
		This in turn was built on exploitation of natural resources such as coal and iron ore.
		Mackinder's comment, above, is a metaphor not only for this exploitation but the - at the time of writing - overwhelming power of the Royal Navy.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/E/Economic-geography-of-the-United-Kingdom.htm (1586 words)

	Additional Reading (from Mackinder, Sir Halford John) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		(1970), sketch of the general background of Mackinder's work as a geographer.
		More results on "Additional Reading (from Mackinder, Sir Halford John)" when you join.
		English actor, producer, and director John Gielgud was considered one of the greatest performers of his generation on stage and screen, particularly in Shakespearean roles.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=4426 (787 words)

	Title 33 Geopolítica Curso
		Halford John Mackinder - par Robert Steuckers (fr.
		Sir Halford Mackinder, Geopolitics and Policymaking in the 21st Century Part ONE by Christopher J.Fettweis
		Sir Halford Mackinder, Geopolitics and Policymaking in the 21st Century Part TWO by Christopher J.Fettweis
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/aesthetic/18/id33.htm (324 words)

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